超临界二氧化碳微尺度干气密封性能分析

为研究超临界二氧化碳干气密封的密封性能,在考虑实际气体效应、惯性效应和湍流效应的情况下,利用Solidworks软件建立一个周期的螺旋槽计算域几何模型,导入ICEM软件进行结构化网格划分,采用REFPROP软件获取超临界二氧化碳物性相态数据,并将这些物性参数编译成CFD的计算程序对超临界二氧化碳干气密封流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:在干气密封中超临界二氧化碳的密度和黏度从外径到内径先升高后降低,在槽根部最大,而温度沿外半径到内半径的方向逐级递减;随着螺旋槽深度的增加开启力先增大后减小,而泄漏量随着槽深单调增加,其中槽深对开启力的影响较小,对泄漏量的影响较大;转速的增大使气膜开启力和泄漏量均单调增加,而气膜间隙的增加使气膜开启力减小,泄漏量增加。综合考虑密封稳定性,当气膜厚度为3.05μm、槽深为5.05μm时,研究的超临界二氧化碳干气密封的整体密封性能达到最佳。     

双向旋转树型槽密封端面气膜动压特性

基于气体润滑理论,建立了双向旋转树型槽干式气体端面密封的数学分析模型,对比了双向旋转树型槽与螺旋槽密封端面的压力分布,讨论了树型槽的动压开启特性,以及操作参数对密封特性参数的影响规律。结果表明,双向旋转树型槽干气密封不仅能够实现双向旋转,而且具有较好的动压效应。双向旋转树型槽干气密封的动压效应受压缩数、密封压力等操作参数及端面间气膜厚度的影响显著,压缩数增加,动压开启能力增强;密封压力增加,动压开启能力降低。     

不同T形动压槽液膜密封性能对比分析

针对T形槽机械密封摩擦副密封环端面间的液膜密封性能问题,建立了收敛形、直角形和发散形3种形式的动压槽液膜几何模型;并对3种不同形式动压槽的液膜流场进行了数值计算,得到了对应端面流场的压力分布。讨论了不同工况对3种槽形结构密封性能的影响并进行对比分析。结果表明:3种槽形结构的端面液膜压力分布规律相同,端面液膜压力均在左侧槽底部达到最大值,且动压槽两侧具有明显的压差,能够产生明显的动压特性;3种槽形结构的开启力和泄漏量均随着转速和压力的增大而增大,其中压力对密封性能的影响相对于转速对密封性能的影响较大;发散形槽比直角形和收敛形槽具有更强的动压特性,且拥有较高的开启力和较低的泄漏量,从而具有较好的密封性能。     

螺旋槽干气密封静止状态密封性能研究

螺旋槽干气密封因设备故障检修、停车等处于静止状态时,其密封性能相比旋转状态下具有明显的差异性和关联性.研究螺旋槽干气密封在静止时的密封性能.根据螺旋槽窄槽理论,得到螺旋槽干气密封静止时密封端面间气膜压力控制方程,并运用解析法求解,获得端面间气膜压力分布、开启力和泄漏率等密封性能参数.结果表明:随着边界压力或膜厚增大,静...     

衍生螺旋槽对超临界二氧化碳干气密封微气膜稳态特性影响*

以衍生螺旋槽为研究对象,建立衍生螺旋槽端面微气膜三维流动模型,通过软件REFPROP获取CO2在不同压力温度下的物性参数,并导入Fluent计算得到了衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的膜压分布。对比分析衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽S-CO2干气密封开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度,讨论不同入口压力和转速下湍流效应、实际气体效应以及离心惯性力对密封稳态性能的影响,揭示多种效应交互耦合对S-CO2干气密封气膜动态特性的密封机制。结果表明：衍生螺旋槽的气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度等性能参数优于经典螺旋槽,这是衍生螺旋槽两级台阶作用的结果;随着转速的增加,在湍流效应和离心惯性力的交互耦合作用下,开启力、泄漏率及气膜刚度先增大后减小,随入口压力的增大,气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度均呈近似线性增大,且压力越大衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的差异越来越明显。     

空化效应下端面液膜机械密封性能分析

针对端面螺旋槽液膜密封空化效应,基于Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,采用流场计算软件FLUENT对机械密封端面液膜密封流场进行空化模拟,探究液膜密封在不同转速、入口压力、槽深、液膜厚度以及不同螺旋角对空化效应的影响规律。研究结果表明：端面螺旋槽液膜密封在考虑空化效应时的开启力、泄漏率均小于不考虑空化效应工况下的值,而且工况参数和结构参数的影响规律基本相似。综合考虑端面螺旋槽液膜密封的密封性能以及可靠性,建议取槽深为10～14 μm、液膜厚度为3～4 μm和螺旋角为15°～20°时,端面螺旋槽液膜密封的整体密封性能最佳。     

双螺旋角槽干气密封的槽型优化设计

建立单螺旋角槽干气密封的数学模型,利用数值方法分别研究槽数、螺旋角、槽深、气膜厚度、槽台比以及转速对密封性能的影响规律,计算结果与文献的实验值基本吻合。通过分析对比泄漏量、流场压力分布、平均开启压力等密封性能参数,优化出性能最佳的干气密封几何结构参数。针对单螺旋角槽在螺旋槽入口处的吸力面上存在明显的低压区的问题,提出双螺旋角槽干气密封结构。计算结果表明:双螺旋角槽在密封端面之间产生平均开启压力高于单螺旋角槽;相比于单螺旋角槽,双螺旋角槽在吸力面的入口处的流动分离更加明显,在槽区产生的动压效应更加明显;双螺旋角螺旋槽的密封性能更佳,其气体泄漏量也低于单螺旋槽。     

螺旋槽底表面粗糙度对干气密封性能的影响

螺旋槽底表面粗糙度受加工水平的制约,目前的控制水平一般为0.8μm。为了研究螺旋槽底表面粗糙度对干气密封性能的影响,将表面粗糙度近似等价于槽深的变化,采用近似解析法,分析不同槽深、不同膜厚下,表面粗糙度对干气密封端面开启力和泄漏率的影响。同时针对所研究的工况,对粗糙度为0.4μm和0.8μm时的端面开启力和泄漏率相对误差进行对比。结果表明:随着表面粗糙度的增大,其对端面开启力、泄漏率的影响增大,同时表面粗糙度对泄漏率的影响大于对端面开启力;槽底面表面粗糙度小于0.4μm时,表面粗糙度对泄漏率影响的相对误差在7%以内,端面开启力的相对误差在3%以内。     

槽底倾斜度对螺旋槽干气密封性能的影响

提出一种可以计算斜底螺旋槽干气密封性能的近似解析方法。构建槽底倾斜螺旋槽干气密封的气膜厚度表达式,基于螺旋槽的窄槽理论,近似解析求解其气膜压力控制微分方程,获得槽底倾斜螺旋槽干气密封端面气膜压力分布,进而获得端面开启力、气体泄漏率和气膜刚度等密封性能,并将结果与Fluent软件计算结果进行对比,两者的结果吻合。计算结果表明:斜底槽对密封开启力和泄漏率的影响规律取决于初始槽深;与平底槽比较,当初始槽深较小时,斜底槽的开启力较小,但泄漏率也较小;当槽深较大时,斜底槽具有较大的气膜开启力,槽底倾斜程度越大,开启力越大,但同时泄漏率也越大;一般地,斜底槽具有较大的轴向气膜刚度,槽底倾斜程度越大,气膜刚度越大,抗干扰能力越强。     

单双列螺旋槽干气密封端面气膜刚度比较

双列螺旋槽干气密封通常被认为具有比单列螺旋槽干气密封更高的气膜刚度,因而更有利于干气密封的稳定运行,但是尚未见具体的理论分析或实验数据来验证这一结论。针对某一双列螺旋槽干气密封,采用窄槽理论,利用Mathcad 软件计算得到端面气膜压力分布和开启力,并得到开启力与膜厚的拟合曲线,以及气膜刚度与膜厚的函数曲线,并与单列螺旋槽进行对比。计算结果证实了双列螺旋槽干气密封具有比单列螺旋槽更高的气膜刚度,尤其是在开启力较小,气膜厚度较大的情况下,其主要原因是双列螺旋槽干气密封在同一开启力下,具有较小的平衡气膜厚度,即气膜的高刚度大部分是依靠减小的气膜厚度获得。双列螺旋槽干气密封端面开启力稍小,泄漏率稍大。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.