乳化炸药生产设备的现状与发展方向

对目前国内的胶体乳化炸药生产设备的现状进行了分析和总结,对工艺和设备的发展进行了展望,通过实际生产和工作总结,认为乳化炸药生产设备是向着自动化程度高、产能大、产品系列化和安全程度高的方向发展.     

我国乳化炸药工艺及设备的现状与发展趋势

文章对我国乳化炸药的工艺与设备的现状进行了分析和总结,对工艺和设备的发展进行了展望.作者认为乳化炸药是向着自动化程度高、产能大、产品系列化和安全程度高的方向发展.     

离子交换树脂再生装置——实用新型专利推介

<正>离子交换树脂再生装置(专利号zl02282069.8)北京市双峰纯水设备厂是高纯水工程设备专业制造厂,为攻关18M(M表示MΩ.cm,25℃)高纯水,独立自主研     

催化剂种类对纳米洋葱状富勒烯形成的影响

研究了相同电弧放电条件下,不同催化剂(Fe、Al)掺杂对洋葱状富勒烯形成的影响.用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对产物进行了观察与表征.结果表明,Fe作催化剂形成的洋葱状富勒烯产量和质量都优于Al作催化剂的情况,Fe的催化活性较Al的高,是制备洋葱状富勒烯的一种更加有效的催化剂.     

钾离子电容器阳极材料的进展与展望

钾离子电容器(PICs)是与锂离子电容器和钠离子电容器相比极具竞争力和发展前景的一种储能设备.PICs结合了电池式阳极和电容式阴极的优点,具有成本低、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环寿命长等优点.然而,在PICs中一直存在正负极比容量和动力学不匹配的问题.前期研究证明,合理选择电极材料并对其进行优化是解决这一问题的有效手段...     

1973铝合金铸态组织及均匀化退火组织研究

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线、DSC等分析手段研究了1973高强铝合金铸态和均匀化态的显微组织和成分分布.结果表明:合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,主要存在α-Al,MgZn2(η相)和Al2CuMg(S相),还存在少量的Al13(FeCu)4相.其中MgZn2相中固溶部分Al原子和Cu原子,Al2CuMg相中固溶分布Zn原子.该合金合适的均匀化处理工艺为470℃/24h.均匀化后,原铸态合金中的MgZn2(η相)和Al2CuMg(S相)回溶到基体,仅残留少量Al13(FeCu)4相和Al7Cu2Fe相,晶内析出大量弥散分布的球形Al3Zr粒子.     

进口定量灌装设备的计量管理

进口定量灌装设备属于高科技产品 ,一般配置有高精密的计量设备 ,由高稳定性和高灵敏度的传感器、优化的可编程逻辑控制器（ＰＩＣ）或微电脑控制系统、气动、电动、液压机械传动执行机构等组成 ,是机、电、仪一体化的生产线。但在这条大型生产线上的核心仍是计量设备 ,在引进过程要特别关注。计量设备的实际准确度决定着定量灌装设备的科技含量及价值。一、在引进谈判过程中的计量技术条款要字斟句酌在引进谈判过程中 ,计量技术条款往往被谈判双方有意或无意忽略。整条定量灌装线设备很庞大 ,计量设备只是很少的一部分 ,但却是技术核心 ,有…     

等离子喷涂设备自制及调试

随着航空、航天、原子能等尖端技术的蓬勃发展,对高熔点,高纯度,高强度涂层提出了要求.促使人们对高热源、高喷涂、改善喷涂技术等方面进行了大量研究,并获得的大量成果,同时对等离子喷涂设备也提出了更高的要求.在原有设备的基础上,针对设备调试中出现的问题,查阅相关的资科,根据设备的实际情况逐个解决高频、枪体漏水等一系列问题,并基于本实验装置设计制作了送粉装置,并且使其与枪体连接.调试后,改进送粉装置,使之制备的涂层致密、结合强度高.     

磁控溅射制备铝掺杂氮化铜薄膜的结构及光电性能研究

以高纯铜和铝为靶材,氮气和氩气分别为源气体和工作气体,采用双靶共溅射磁控技术在单晶硅和石英片上制备了铝掺杂氮化铜(Cu3N∶Al)薄膜.对Cu3N:Al薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、光透射性能和电学性能等进行表征、分析.研究结果表明,掺杂Al原子进入Cu3N晶格空位;随着Al靶的直流溅射功率增大,Cu3N∶Al薄膜中Al含...     

Ni-Al系金属间化合物价电子结构与性能分析

NiAl和Ni3Al金属间化合物熔点高、密度低,具有较好的热传导性和良好的抗氧化性,是航空航天领域很有潜力的高温结构材料.运用固体与分子经验电子理论分析了NiAl和Ni3Al金属间化合物的价电子结构,并从电子结构层次初步探讨了NiAl和Ni3Al金属间化合物的强度、稳定性、室温脆性及熔点等问题.计算结果表明,化学计量比的NiAl和Ni3Al的脆性因子均小于0.08,室温下表现为本征脆性,NiAl的脆性比Ni3Al的脆性大;NiAl的熔点和强度均比Ni3Al的高,稳定性比Ni3Al的差.     

固态锂电池用MOF/聚氧化乙烯复合聚合物电解质(英文)

固态聚合物电解质具有柔韧性好和易于加工的优势,可制备各种形状的固态锂电池,杜绝漏液问题。但固态聚合物电解质存在离子电导率低以及对锂金属负极不稳定等问题。本研究以纳米金属–有机框架材料UiO-66为聚合物电解质的填料,用于改善电解质的性能。UiO-66与聚氧化乙烯(poly(ethylene oxide), PEO)链上醚基的氧原子的配位作用以及与锂盐中阴离子的相互作用,可显著提高聚合物电解质的离子电导率(25℃,3.0×10^–5 S/cm;60℃,5.8×10^–4 S/cm),并将锂离子迁移数提高至0.36,电化学窗口拓宽至4.9V。此外,制备的PEO基固态电解质对金属锂具有良好的稳定性,对称电池在60℃、0.15mA·cm^–2电流密度下可稳定循环1000h,锂电池的电化学性能得到显著改善。     

基于三维芳纶纳米纤维骨架的柔性高压复合电解质膜及其固态锂金属电池

聚合物电解质在锂金属电池中的应用受限于锂枝晶生长、电化学不稳定性及较低的离子电导率.为解决这些问题,本文通过向三维多孔芳纶纳米纤维(ANF)中填充聚环氧乙烷(PEO)-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)电解质,制备了基于三维芳纶纳米纤维网络骨架的柔性ANF/PEO-LiTFSI复合电解质薄膜.由于其独特的构造及离子在三维ANF/PEO-LiTFSI界面中的连续输运,该复合电解质膜具有比PEO-LiTFSI电解质膜更高的力学强度(10.0 MPa)、热稳定性、电化学稳定性(60℃下达4.6 V)和离子电导率,以及较强的抑制锂枝晶能力.基于该复合电解质的固态LiFePO4/Li电池表现出优异的循环性能(在0.4 C下充放电百次后的容量达130 mA h g-1、保持率为93%).该研究提供了一种基于三维骨架设计和制备高性能电解质的有效方法,有望应用于固态锂金属电池.     

Enhancement of ionic conductivity of PEO based polymer electrolyte by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders

The ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has been improved by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders (TiO2 and AL2O3). The PEO based solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by the solution-casting method. Electrochemical measurement shows that the 10 wt% TiO2 PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte has the best ionic conductivity (about 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 40-60 degrees C). The lithium transference number of the 10 wt% TiO2 PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte was measured to be 0.47, which is much higher than that of bare PEO polymer electrolyte. Ac impedance testing shows that the interface resistance of ceramic-added PEO polymer electrolyte is stable. Linear sweep voltammetry measurement shows that the PEO polymer electrolytes are electrochemically stable in the voltage range of 2.0-5.0 V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode.     

Maximizing ionic transport of Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion storage: A theoretical study

The concept of all-solid-state batteries provides an efficient solution towards highly safe and long-life energy storage,while the electrolyte-related challenges impede their practical application.Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with superior Li ionic conductivity holds the promise as an ideal solidstate electrolyte.The intrinsic mechanism to reach the most optimum ionic conductivity in Al-doped Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12,however,is unclear to date.Herein,this work intends to provide an atomic scale study on the Li-ion transport in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 electrolyte to rationalize how Al-dopant initiates interstitial Li activity and facilitate their easy mobility combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ab initio Molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations.It is discovered that the interstitial Li ions introduced by Al dopants can effectively activate the neighboring occupied intrinsic Li-ions to induce a long-range mobility in the lattice and the maximum Li ionic conductivity is achieved at 0.50 Al doping concentration.The Li-ion migration paths in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 have investigated as the degree of distortion of[PO4]tetrahedra and[TiO6]octahedra resulted by different Al doping concentrations.The asymmetry of the surrounding distorted[PO4]and[TiO6]polyhedrons play a critical role in reducing the migration barrier of Li ions in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12.The flexible[TiO6]polyhedrons with a capacity to accommodate the structural distortion govern the Li ionic conductivity in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12.This work rationalizes the mechanism for the most optimum Li ionic conductivity in Al-doped LiTi2P3O12 electrolyte and,more importantly,paves a road for exploring novel all-solid-state lithium battery electrolytes.     

锂离子电池PEO-LATP/LAGP陶瓷复合电解质膜的制备与性能表征

设计并制备了PEO-LATP/LAGP陶瓷复合电解质. 使用NASICON结构的Li_1.4Al_0.4Ti_1.6(PO₄)₃ (LATP)或 Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃ (LAGP)作为陶瓷基体, 以PEO为粘结剂, 得到了均匀、厚度仅为20 μm的复合电解质膜. 通过电化学性能表征发现当w(LATP/LAGP):w(PEO)=7:3时, 复合电解质膜具有最高的室温电导率, 达到0.186 mS/cm (PEO-LATP)与0.111 mS/cm (PEO-LAGP). 通过充放电循环实验表明, Li/复合电解质/LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2电池的首次放电容量达170 mAh/g. 使用PEO-LATP复合电解质的电池在循环时有较大的容量衰减, 而使用PEO-LAGP复合电解质则循环性能有明显的改善, 在10次循环后仍保持在150 mAh/g.     

Micro-nano structured VNb9O25 anode with superior electronic conductivity for high-rate and long-life lithium storage

The oxygen vacancies and micro-nano structure can optimize the electron/Li+migration kinetics in anode materials for lithium batteries(LIBs).Here,porous micro-nano structured VNb9O25 composites with rich oxygen vacancies were reasonably prepared via a facile solvothermal method combined with annealing treatment at 800℃for 30 h(VNb9 O25-30 h).This micro-nano structure can enhance the contact of active material/electrolyte,and shorten the Li+diffusion distance.The introduction of oxygen vacancies can further boosts the intrinsic conductivity of VNb9O25-30 h for achieving excellent LIB performance.The as-prepared VNb9O25-30 h anode showed advanced rate capability with reversible capacity of 122.2 mA h g-1 at 4 A g-1,and delivered excellent capacity retention of～100％after 2000 cycles.Meanwhile,VNb9O25-30 h provides unexpected long-cycle life(i.e.,reversible capacity of 165.7 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1 with a high capacity retention of 85.6％even after 8000 cycles).Additionally,coupled with the LiFePO4 cathode,the LiFePO4//VNb9O25-30 h full cell delivers superior LIB properties with high reversible capacities of 91.6 mA h g-1 at 5C for 1000 cycles.Thus,such reasonable construction method can assist in other high-performance niobium-based oxides in LIBs.     

高离子传导纳米多孔β-Li3PS4固态电解质的湿化学法制备

利用湿化学法,并采取逐步加热脱除沉淀中四氢呋喃分子的方式,制备具有高离子电导率和低活化能的纳米多孔β-Li 3PS 4固态电解质。利用同步热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、氮气吸脱附和交流阻抗测试等手段研究不同处理阶段产物的形貌、结构和物相组成,并测试分析β-Li 3PS 4固态电解质的电化学性能。结果表明:采用该方法制备的纳米多孔β-Li 3PS 4固态电解质比表面积为 28.3m 2·g -1 ,平均孔径约23nm,电化学测试表明该电解质在20℃下的离子电导率为1.84×10 -4 S·cm -1 ,活化能为0.343eV,电子电导率为1.3×10 -8 S·cm -1 ,具有优异的电化学稳定性,与金属锂负极也具有良好的兼容性。     

Spinel-layered integrate structured nanorods with both high capacity and superior high-rate capability as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel phase LiMn2O4 was successfully embedded into monoclinic phase layeredstructured Li2MrnO3 nanorods,and these spinel-layered integrate structured nanorods showed both high capacities and superior high-rate capabilities as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).Pristine Li2MnO3 nanorods were synthesized by a simple rheological phase method using α-MnO2 nanowires as precursors.The spinel-layered integrate structured nanorods were fabricated by a facile partial reduction reaction using stearic acid as the reductant.Both structural characterizations and electrochemical properties of the integrate structured nanorods verified that LiMn2O4 nanodomains were embedded inside the pristine Li2MnO3 nanorods.When used as cathode materials for LIBs,the spinel-layered integrate structured Li2MnO3 nanorods (SL-Li2MnO3) showed much better performances than the pristine layered-structured Li2MnO3 nanorods (L-Li2MnO3).When charge-discharged at 20 mA·g-1 in a voltage window of 2.0-4.8 V,the SL-Li2MnO3 showed discharge capadties of 272.3 and 228.4 mAh.g-1 in the first and the 60th cycles,respectively,with capacity retention of 83.8％.The SL-Li2MnO3 also showed superior high-rate performances.When cycled at rates of 1 C,2 C,5 C,and 10 C (1 C =200 mA·g-1) for hundreds of cycles,the discharge capacities of the SL-Li2MnO3 reached 218.9,200.5,147.1,and 123.9 mAh·g-1,respectively.The superior performances of the SL-Li2MnO3 are ascribed to the spineMayered integrated structures.With large capacities and superior high-rate performances,these spinel-layered integrate structured materials are good candidates for cathodes of next-generation high-power LIBs.     

聚硅氧烷对水性聚氨酯聚合物电解质结构形态及电化学性能的影响

将PDMS引入到WPU中,合成了PEO-PDMS混合软段WPU嵌段共聚物,通过改变PDMS的含量得到一系列固态聚合物电解质膜。测试结果表明,PDMS的加入会对聚合物电解质材料的力学性能、微观形态、电化学性能产生显著影响。PDMS的加入可有效地提高聚合物电解质的室温电导率及电化学稳定性,30℃时样品C17-10电导率为1.05×10-4S/cm,其电化学稳定窗口达到5.5V。     

水体系自组装法制备钛酸锂纳米负极材料研究

以偏钛酸粉末作为钛源,制备钛酸锂(Li4Ti5O12)纳米材料,Li4Ti5O12由含锂过氧化钛配合物分解自组装后经煅烧结晶而得。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附-脱附和恒流充放电测试对材料结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:水体系下,锂钛摩尔比为4∶5、于600℃煅烧5h得到的Li4Ti5O12纳米球颗粒粒径在500nm左右,且具有丰富的孔隙,比表面积达到22.947m2/g;在电流密度4000mA/g条件下,比容量为157mAh/g,电流密度500mA/g下循环400次放电容量保持率为95.2%。表明水体系自组装形成的Li4Ti5O12纳米负极材料可以缩短锂离子迁移距离,其多孔性可以增大电解液与电极活性材料的接触面积,使离子电子传输速率同时得到提高,从而获得优异的电化学性能。