LAMP法在阪崎肠杆菌快速检测中的应用

针对阪崎肠杆菌的ompA基因设计4条特异性引物(2条内引物、2条外引物),建立一种快速检测阪崎肠杆菌的DNA环介导恒温扩增法(LAMP)。通过对2株阪崎肠杆菌标准菌株、24株阪崎肠杆菌分离株和18株非阪崎肠杆菌测试,结果表明此方法具有很高的特异性;对其灵敏度进行检验,发现该方法的最低检测限可以达到8CFU/mL,具有较好的敏感性。在1份实验室能力验证盲样和26份实际奶粉样品中应用发现,该方法与传统生化方法结果吻合,具有较好的可靠性。     

婴幼儿奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌双重荧光PCR快速检测方法的建立

旨在建立针对阪崎肠杆菌的双重荧光PCR快速检测方法。以阪崎肠杆菌局部大分子合成(MMS)操纵子和外膜蛋白A(ompA)为靶基因,建立双重荧光PCR反应体系,探讨该体系的特异性、灵敏度和抗干扰能力。结果表明,双重荧光PCR体系对阪崎肠杆菌的灵敏度为4.3×103 CFU/mL,人工污染初始菌量为2 CFU/100 g奶粉样品增菌24 h即可检出;39株实验菌中的15株阪崎肠杆菌出现特异性扩增,24株非阪崎肠杆菌未出现特异性扩增。本研究所建立的双重荧光PCR体系特异好、灵敏度较高及抗干扰能力强,可用于婴幼儿奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测。     

利用环介导等温扩增技术对奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌进行检测

利用阪崎肠杆菌16S-23S rDNA间区(ITS)序列,在比较阪崎肠杆菌与其近源株ITS序列的基础上,设计了4条阪崎肠杆菌LAMP检测特异性引物,建立了奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌LAMP检测方法.用15株阪崎肠杆菌,61株近源菌验证试验表明,所建立的LAMP方法准确且灵敏度高.加菌试验表明,奶粉样品中阪崎肠杆菌检测低限为1.2 CFU/100 g.新建的LAMP方法与FDA BAM方法比较试验表明,两种方法的检测结果完全符合.     

奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR和荧光PCR检测方法的研究

建立了奶粉中可致婴幼儿高死亡率的阪崎肠杆菌的PCR和荧光PCR检测方法。利用细菌16S和23SrDNA的保守区设计通用引物,对6株阪崎肠杆菌16S-23SrDNA间区序列(ITS)进行扩增和测序,在比对阪崎肠杆菌ITS序列的基础上,设计了11条PCR和荧光PCR检测引物,组合成30对PCR引物,并筛选出一对种特异性引物,建立了奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR和荧光PCR检测方法。用10株阪崎肠杆菌,18株近源菌株验证实验表明,本文所建立的PCR和荧光PCR方法特异性强;加菌实验表明,奶粉样品中阪崎肠杆菌检测低限为(2.2～5.4)CFU/100g,灵敏度高;新建的PCR和荧光PCR方法与FDABAM(美国食品及药品管理局微生物分析手册)方法比对实验表明,三种方法的检测结果完全一致。由于PCR和荧光PCR检测方法快速、可靠,因此可替代传统检验方法。     

新型阪崎肠杆菌选择性分离培养基的研制

目的:筛选一种新型、特异性高的阪崎肠杆菌选择性培养基.方法:通过药敏实验,筛选出对阪崎肠杆菌耐药而对其他杂菌敏感的抗生素;利用抑菌浓度实验、抗生素组合平板实验,筛选出最佳的抗生素组合方式及浓度.将抗生素组合与显色剂添加到基础培养基中,配制成阪崎肠杆菌的新型选择培养基.结果:组合抗生素(4μg/mL万古霉素、0.1μg/mL头孢噻吩)和显色剂(0.1g/L 5-溴-4氯-3-吲哚-a-葡萄糖苷)添加到脑心培养基中,制成阪崎肠杆菌VC选择性显色培养基,能最大限度地抑制杂菌生长,而对阪崎肠杆菌的生长没有影响.经灵敏性实验,对接种的奶粉样品中的阪崎肠杆菌的检出限达到lcfu.结论:制得的新型阪崎肠杆菌选择性培养基特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于奶粉样品的分离检测.     

恒温实时荧光法快速检测奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌方法的建立

为实现奶粉中快速检测阪崎肠杆菌,本文建立了检测阪崎肠杆菌的恒温实时荧光法。针对阪崎肠杆菌16S r RNA设计三组LAMP引物,采用Deaou-308C恒温实时荧光检测平台,选取常见病原菌标准株进行引物特异性检测;选取阪崎肠杆菌标准菌株进行基因组DNA灵敏度和最低检测限测定,同时利用人工污染方式检测此方法在脱脂和全脂奶粉中的灵敏度和最低检测限,利用Real Amp法和国标法对20份市售奶粉进行对比实验。结果显示,引物组16S-11扩增效率最优,与常见病原菌无交叉反应,对阪崎肠杆菌基因组DNA、阪崎肠杆菌污染的脱脂和全脂奶粉的灵敏度分别达到102 CFU/m L、102 CFU/m L和103 CFU/m L;对阪崎肠杆菌基因组DNA和阪崎肠杆菌污染的脱脂和全脂奶粉的最低检测限分别达到103 CFU/m L、103 CFU/m L和104 CFU/m L;在20份市售奶粉样品中Real Amp检测结果与传统国标培养结果一致,表明本文建立的阪崎肠杆菌Real Amp检测方法适用于阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测。     

阪崎肠杆菌zpx基因的分子信标一实时PCR技术研究

目的建立分子信标-实时PCR技术检测婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速方法。方法在PCR反应体系中加入分子信标探针,探针的5’端标记FAM,3’端标记TAMRA,建立阪崎肠杆菌zpx基因分子信标-实时PCR技术快速检测方法。结果检测方法特异性强,无非特异性扩增;分子信标-实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为180fg/PCR反应体系,纯阪崎肠杆菌菌液的检出限为102 CFU/ml,无交叉反应;以此反应体系检测23份样品,其中2份为阳性,余未检出,与传统检测方法结果一致。结论分子信标-实时PCR检测体系快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测。     

实时荧光单引物等温扩增检测阪崎克罗诺杆菌方法的建立

目的建立实时荧光单引物等温扩增(SPIA)检测阪崎克罗诺杆菌的方法。方法本文以阪崎克罗诺杆菌Omp A基因特异序列为靶序列,设计RNA-DNA组合引物和链终止序列,优化反应体系,对4株不同来源阪崎克罗诺杆菌和21株其他食源性致病菌进行实时荧光SPIA特异性分析,通过不同浓度梯度阪崎克罗诺杆菌菌悬液灵敏度的检测和添加有阪崎克罗诺杆菌的婴儿配方奶粉样品检出限的确定,评价方法的准确度。结果除4株阪崎克罗诺杆菌外,其他细菌均未出现特异性荧光扩增曲线,具有良好的特异性。在40 min内,实时荧光SPIA检测阪崎克罗诺杆菌纯培养基因拷贝灵敏度为每反应1 copies,相应活菌数为1.6×10-1cfu/ml;对婴儿配方奶粉模拟样品中阪崎克罗诺杆菌的检出限是1.5×100cfu/100 g。结论本研究建立的方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、耗时短、操作简单等优点,适用于实验室快速检测阪崎克罗诺杆菌Omp A基因。     

LAMP法检测乳粉中的阪崎肠杆菌

据WHO最新报告显示,乳粉中的阪崎肠杆菌是导致婴幼儿感染和死亡的主要原因之一。FDA于2002年公布了婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌检测的推荐方法,但检测周期长达1周左右,而且操作复杂,难以满足控制该疾病暴发和传播的需要。DNA环介导等恒扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)技术是一种特异性、灵敏度高、检测时间短的新型基因扩增技术。本文以阪崎肠杆菌为研究对象,建立了一套应用于婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌快速检测方法。针对阪崎肠杆菌16s RNA基因设计4条引物特异性识别靶基因的六个特殊区域,并在63℃进行恒温扩增。实验结果表明,使用该方法能够在5h之内检测出复原乳样品中101CFU/mL的阪崎肠杆菌。灵敏度可以达到100fg阪崎肠杆菌基因组DNA。应用环介导等温扩增法,克服了传统检测周期长、操作复杂的缺点,不仅能够用于婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的检测,而且满足了对于婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌快速检测的迫切需要。     

一种新的等温扩增技术检测阪崎肠杆菌

目的:建立一种新型阪崎肠杆菌快速筛选检测方法——交叉引物恒温扩增结合免疫金标检测方法。方法:针对阪崎肠杆菌16S-23S rDNA间区序列设计特异性引物及探针,建立交叉引物等温扩增法,利用免疫金标试纸条对结果进行检测。用18株阪崎肠杆菌及其他36株近源菌进行特异性试验;通过定量DNA、纯菌液计数、添加干扰菌检测进行灵敏度验证。结果:建立方法具有很好的特异性;增菌液检测灵敏度为10~1CFU/mL,DNA检测灵敏度为10~0fg/test。结论:建立的交叉引物恒温扩增结合免疫金标检测方法特异性好、灵敏度高,不需要复杂仪器,对口岸快速筛查、基层或偏远经济不发达地区顺利开展检测具有实际意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the