食醋发粘劣变控制技术研究

对食醋发粘劣变现象产生的原因进行了分析。通过培养检测技术,得出导致发粘产气现象的微生物为芽孢菌;同时创新应用超高温瞬时灭菌技术对食醋进行灭菌处理,对灭菌条件进行了优化,得出优化的灭菌条件为145℃,6s,从而较好地解决了由微生物引起的食醋发粘劣变现象。     

超高温瞬时灭菌对米酒品质的影响

目的：使经过超高温瞬时灭菌的米酒既符合商业上无菌要求也满足消费者对米酒质量的要求。方法：对朝鲜族米酒进行超高温瞬时灭菌，在贮藏期每周测定其理化指标、感官指标以及微生物指标以确定该灭菌法的最佳灭菌条件，并分析此灭菌方法处理的朝鲜族米酒在贮存20周后的品质和功能性成分的变化。结果：超高温瞬时灭菌的最佳参数为125 ℃灭菌5 s。贮存20周后，米酒中总氨基酸含量为0.70 mg/100 mL，有机酸含量为321.68 mg/100 mL。结论：超高温瞬时灭菌方法对氨基酸含量有一定负面影响，但能在保证米酒风味的同时高效灭菌。     

超高温灭菌与乳的质量控制

本文研究了原料奶的理化指标和微生物指标,生产工艺和产品主检验对超高温灭菌乳的质量控制影响,探讨了控制超高温灭菌乳质量的措施。     

超高温灭菌乳的灭菌原理及品质变化探析

从化学动力学活化能角度探讨了温度～时间组合处理对微生物灭菌效果、乳中营养成分及品质的影响,并分析了生产中灭菌牛乳难易程度。结果显示:137～145℃/2～20 s超高温灭菌乳系商业灭菌产品,具有品质变化最小,生理价值最优。     

超高温灭菌乳的灭菌原理及品质变化探析

从化学动力学活化能角度探讨了温度～时间组合处理对微生物灭菌效果、乳中营养成分及品质的影响,并分析了生产灭菌牛乳难易程度。结果显示：137～145℃/2～20s超高温灭菌乳系商业灭菌产品,具有品质变化最小,生理价值最优。     

不同热处理的驼乳脂肪和脂肪球膜组成成分及特性

探究了热处理对乳脂肪球及乳脂肪球膜产生的影响,以驼原乳为研究对象,对采集的驼原乳进行4种不同的热处理(低温长时巴氏杀菌(LTLT)65℃,30 min;高温短时巴氏杀菌(HTST)85℃,15 s;超高温巴氏杀菌(UP)125℃,4 s;超高温瞬时灭菌(UHT)135℃,4 s).测定原乳及热处理乳乳脂肪球的粒径和形态...     

超高温灭菌的花生饮料在贮存期间物理化学特性的变化

超高温灭菌的花生饮料在贮存期间物理化学特性的变化内蒙古农牧学院包斌张果英译１前言包装食品的灭菌方式之一是超高温瞬时灭菌（ＵＨＴ），即产品在１３０～１５０℃加热几秒钟，然后迅速冷却（Ｂｕｒｔｏｎ，１９８８），超高温灭菌和无菌包装广泛应用于乳品、果汁、汤...     

乳酸脱氢酶测定试剂盒鉴定复原乳

利用乳酸脱氢酶测定试剂盒测定巴氏杀菌乳、超高温灭菌乳和复原乳中乳酸脱氢酶活性的差异以鉴定复原乳。结果显示：巴氏杀菌乳中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著高于超高温灭菌乳和复原乳。该方法操作简单、快速准确, 值得推广。     

超高温灭菌乳在贮藏过程中的质量变化

对经超高温灭菌乳在贮存过程中发生的一些感官、理化、微生物的变化进行了观测，并根据结果来探讨延长超高温灭菌牛乳保质的方法。分析了引起这些变化的原因并提出了一些控制措施。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定UHT液态奶中的糠氨酸

液态奶中糠氨酸的含量可以作为评价产品热负荷的指标,超高温灭菌乳的保质期比较长,往往产品中的糠氨酸含量较高。文章建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定超高温灭菌乳中糠氨酸的含量。实验前处理对超高温灭菌乳样品中的蛋白质进行了水解,选用固相萃取柱净化样液,利用液质联用仪对糠氨酸进行定性定量分析。文章对所建立方法的标准曲线线性关系、方法定量限、方法回收率和重复性进行了考察和验证,该方法定量限(LOQ)为40 ng/mL,平均回收率在93.6%～114.64%,相对标准偏差小于8%。最终建立了一种新的液相色谱串联质谱测定超高温灭菌乳中糠氨酸的方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the