THE FLOW IN ROTATING CURVED CIRCULAR PIPE

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄｉｎａｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇｃｕｒｖｅｄｐｉｐｅｉｓａｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌａｎｄｍｕｃｈ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ .Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｇａｓｔｕｒ ｂｉｎｅｓ ,ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒｓａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｍｏｔｏｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｃａｎａｌｓｏｂｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ.Ｉｔｉｓ…     

Numerical models and theoretical analysis of supercritical bend flow

The flow pattern of supercritical flow in bend channels is complicated due to the shock wave phenomenon, which creates difficulties with regard to research and design of bend channels. Using the spillway of an actual project as an example, a three-dimensional numerical investigation was conducted to simulate the flow in a steep-slope bend based on the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence flow model and the volume of fluid(VOF) method. The validity of the numerical simulation was demonstrated by comparison between the results of numerical simulation and physical model tests. An optimal scheme of setting vertical vanes in the bend channel is presented. The results of numerical simulation and physical model tests are in agreement, which demonstrates the effectiveness of optimization of vertical vanes and the validity of the three-dimensional numerical simulation. Water depths along both bend walls were analyzed numerically and theoretically. The formula for calculating supercritical water depth along either bend wall was derived, and the critical condition of flow separation from the inner wall was determined.     

基于SPH方法实用堰水流的数值模拟

以数值模拟实用堰水流为目标,采用光滑质点水动力学方法,根据流量与上游水深关系,得到SPH方法推板模型入流边界。针对SPH方法明渠流动中的入流边界问题,利用添加推板模型的SPH方法对二维实用堰溢流水力特性进行数值模拟,获得实用堰水流水力特性,并进行物理模型试验,验证添加推板模型SPH方法的有效性。通过对流场、断面平均流速对比分析,结果表明:推板模型结果与试验结果吻合较好,推板模型可以准确的描绘水流运动状态;通过流量对比分析,在溢流过程中,推板模型与试验结果平均值相差-1.43%,推板模型可以保持实用堰上游水位恒定,提高计算精度。研究成果初步验证了推板模型的可靠性,为SPH方法入流问题提供了新的解决方法,具有一定的参考价值。     

河湾水流与河床冲淤综合分析

本文在两个弯道模型试验基础上［１，２］，综合分析了国内外的有关研究成果。文中首先阐明河流蜿蜒弯曲的必然趋势和河湾内环（副）流伴随主流形成螺旋流动前进的特征，并对弯道内主流位向变化、环流强度、水面横比降等作了分析，推荐了计算公式。其次，对河湾水流的横断面流速分布和沿河宽的单宽流量分布给出了计算方法，并分析求得了河湾冲刷深度的公式；依此可以计算河湾冲淤河床的平衡断面。     

基于CSPM方法对二维管嘴出流的数值模拟

针对传统SPH方法计算效率低和计算精度差的问题,采用CSPM方法对二维管嘴出流问题进行了数值模拟,利用机群进行并行计算。结果表明:通过计算可得出一定精度的二维管嘴出流流态、出口断面流速、管嘴内压强分布以及水平喷射距离,并且证明了CSPM方法可以改善传统SPH方法数值不稳定性。所得成果可为同类研究提供参考。     

基于SPH方法的二维宽顶堰溢流数值模拟

光滑粒子水动力学方法(SPH)是一种基于纯拉格朗日思想的无网格粒子方法,在众多科学和工程领域得到了初步应用。采用SPH方法对二维宽顶堰溢流进行了数值模拟,并利用机群进行并行计算来提高计算效率,将模拟数据与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明,SPH方法可以模拟出二维宽顶堰自由出流和淹没出流时水流流态、水跌、回流区、水跃现象,计算出溢流流量、流速等水力参数,并且采用数据拟合得出与理论相符的断面流速分布图。结果表明了SPH方法可以较好模拟二维宽顶堰溢流中的流速分布以及水面曲线。     

一种新型SPH固壁边界处理的排斥力模型

边界排斥力法是光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)固壁边界处理的方法之一,但由于缺乏统一的排斥力模型而制约其广泛应用。考虑将近场动力学(Peridynamics,PD)中描述颗粒间接触作用的短程排斥力引入到固壁边界处理模型中,提出一种新型SPH方法边界排斥力模型。通过Couette流和溃坝2个算例验证了排斥力模型的有效性。排斥力表达式简单,参数易于给定,为SPH方法中固壁边界处理提供新思路。     

THE GAS-PARTICLE FLOW AND EROSION IN BENDS WITH A RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION

1.INTRODUCTIONWallerosionoccursinwidely--usedparticletransportsystems,especiallyatbends,whichconstitutesachallengingengineersproblem.Itisthereforeusefultostudyindetailthegas--particleflowandthewallerosioncausedbytheparticlesfortakingeffectivemeasurestoprotectpipesystemsfromwearing.Theexistingresearchworkfocusedoncurvedpipeswithroundcross--section.Onlyafewauthors,forexample,Mason,etal[3),paidattentiontorectangularcross--section,90"bends.Theirpaperspresentedtheexperimentalresults.Thispaper…     

LAMINAR FLUID FLOW IN HELICAL ELLIPTICAL PIPE

1.　INTRODUCTIONHelicalductsappearinvariousindustrialapplictionsandadetailedknowledgeofthefluidflowbehaviorisimportantforpredictingthepressuredropandheatandmasstransfercharacteristics.Experimentalandtheoreticalanalysishaveattestedthatthesecondaryflowappearsthenormalcross-sectionbecauseofthecurvature.Thissecondaryflowisveryfaintcomparedwiththeaxialflow,butitcausestheincreaseofheattransfer.Thestudyonthisflowbeganin1927withthepaperofDean[1],inwhichtheflowintoroidalsystemwasstudied.Sincethen…     

Numerical modeling of earthen dam breach due to piping failure

Based on model tests of earthen dam breach due to piping failure,a numerical model was developed.A key difference from previous research is the assumption that the cross-section of the pipe channel is an arch,with a rectangle at the bottom and a semicircle at the top before the collapse of the pipe roof,rather than a rectangular or circular cross-section.A shear stress-based erosion rate formula was utilized,and the arched pipe tunnel was assumed to enlarge along its length and width until the overlying soil could no longer maintain stability.Orifice flow and open channel flow were adopted to calculate the breach flow discharge for pressure and free surface flows,respectively.The collapse of the pipe roof was determined by comparing the weight of the overlying soil and the cohesion of the soil on the two sidewalls of the pipe.After the collapse,overtopping failure dominated,and the limit equilibrium method was adopted to estimate the stability of the breach slope when the water flow overtopped.In addition,incomplete and base erosion,as well as one-and two-sided breaches were taken into account.The USDAARS-HERU model test P1,with detailed measured data,was used as a case study,and two artificially filled earthen dam failure cases were studied to verify the model.Feedback analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can provide satisfactory results for modeling the breach flow discharge and breach development process.Sensitivity analysis shows that the soil erodibility and initial piping position significantly affect the prediction of the breach flow discharge.Furthermore,a comparison with a well-known numerical model shows that the proposed model performs better than the NWS BREACH model.     

Numerical modeling of dam-break flood through intricate city layouts including underground spaces using GPU-based SPH method

This paper applies the meshfree Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method with Graphical Processing Unit （GPU） parallel computing technique to investigate the highly complex 3-D dam-break flow in urban areas including underground spaces. Taking the advantage of GPUs parallel computing techniques, simulations involving more than 107 particles can be achieved. We use a virtual geometric plane boundary to handle the outermost solid wall in order to save considerable video card memory for the GPU computing. To evaluate the accuracy of the new GPU-based SPH model, qualitative and quantitative comparison to a real flooding experiment is performed and the results of a numerical model based on Shallow Water Equations （SWEs） is given with good accuracy. With the new GPU-based SPH model, the effects of the building layouts and underground spaces on the propagation of dambreak flood through an intricate city layout are examined.     

Tracking methods for free surface and simulation of a liquid droplet impacting on a solid surface based on SPH

With some popular tracking methods for free surface, simulations of several typical examples are carried out under various flow field conditions.The results show that the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is very suitable in simulating the flow problems with a free surface.A viscous liquid droplet with an initial velocity impacting on a solid surface is simulated based on the SPH method, and the surface tension is considered by searching the free surface particles, the initial impact effect is co...     

PVC连接弯头的水力特性数值模拟

为了研究PVC弯头的局部阻力和水流流态特征,对DN50和DN75两种PVC承插式90°弯头的水流特性利用CFD中的fluent软件进行了数值模拟,结果表明:不同管径弯头的局部阻力系数与雷诺数的关系曲线的变化趋势基本一致,压力在弯头拐角外侧压力最大,在下游管段内侧靠近弯头的位置压力最小。     

管流与明渠层流的总流机械能方程及机械能损失计算

管流与明渠流同属流体力学中的内流,其总流机械能方程在水力学中称为总流能量方程。现有水力学中的总流能量方程是以理想不可压缩液体的伯努利方程为基础得到的,无法得到总流机械能损失的表达式。该文作者曾直接从黏性不可压缩流体运动的控制方程出发分别得到了管流及明渠流的总流机械能方程,解决了以上问题。考虑到层流条件下明渠流自由表面的变形特点,该文在前述工作基础上,将管流及明渠流在层流条件下的总流机械能方程进行了统一,同时还分别计算了管流(圆管、不同长短半轴比的椭圆管、不同宽高比的矩形管和不同内外径比圆环管)及明渠流(不同宽深比的矩形明渠)在层流条件下的总流机械能损失系数。结果表明:在同一雷诺数条件下,圆管层流的总流机械能损失系数比椭圆管层流、矩形管层流、圆环管层流及较大宽深比的矩形明渠层流的机械能损失系数要小。     

基于SPH方法挑流水舌的数值模拟研究

以数值模拟挑流水舌的运动特性为目标,采用光滑粒子动力学方法,根据水气两相流的运动规律,建立掺气水舌的SPH数学模型,根据空气阻力的作用特性和自由表面判据,得到了空气阻力的计算关系式,提出了掺气水舌的SPH数值解法。针对桓仁水电站泄洪雾化,进行了掺气水舌的SPH数学模型实例研究,所得到的光滑粒子运动图像刻画了挑流水舌与空气的相互作用,模拟了挑流水舌的掺气过程,并得到了掺气水舌的厚度和速度随其曲线长度的变化关系。结果表明,桓仁水电站挑流水舌的外缘挑距模拟值为82.2 m,原型观测数据为80.2 m,计算误差为2.49%。掺气水舌的挑距模拟值与其原观值基本一致,证明了掺气水舌SPH数学模型模拟挑流水舌运动的有效性和可靠性。     

PREDICTION OF CAVITATION INCEPTION IN PIPELINES

Based on the analysis of the averaged axisymmetric turbulent flow and the motionand growth of gas nuclei in the flow,this paper presents a method for predicting cavitation in-ception in pipelines.Mathematic model is proposed and the fluctuating pressure in the flow andother random factors with respect to gas nuclei are treated using the Monte-Carlo method.Sothat the bridge between macroscopic aspect of cavitation in the flow and the microscopic event ofindividual nucleus cavitation is set up.Numerical investigation and experimnental test are carriedout for the flow past an orifice in a uniform pipe with circular section.     

基于SPH消力池内陡坡水跃的数值模拟

为了满足明渠水流入流的边界条件,扩展SPH方法在明渠恒定流模拟中的应用,本文建立SPH方法的出入流模型,通过设置相应的出入流边界条件,研究不同坡度下消力池内陡坡水跃特性。针对两种不同流量,对斜坡坡角θ分别在20°、30°、45°条件下的陡坡水跃进行数值模拟。模拟结果与文献中的实验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:出入流模型能为陡坡水跃的数值模拟提供稳定的水流。各陡坡不同流量下水面线的变化趋势基本相同,误差均在±10%内;相同坡角时,单宽流量为0.063 m~2/s的消能效果均大于单宽流量为0.105 m~2/s的消能效果。该方法处理出入流边界简单,合理准确,能够较好地模拟不同坡度下消力池内陡坡水跃,得到陡坡水跃特性,具有一定的可行性和可靠性。     

透水斜槛参数对溢洪道弯道水流改善效果的影响

为研究溢洪道泄槽弯道布置不同透水斜槛的水流改善效果,进行室内水工模型试验,对不同透水斜槛方案的弯道水流改善效果进行分析比较。结果表明:弯道布置透水斜槛能够改善水流条件,提高弯道水面均匀度,减小横断面水面差;当透水斜槛较高、条数较多而流量又较小时,将出现弯道凸岸水面高于凹岸的现象;利用回归分析方法,建立了考虑透水槛高、斜槛条数及透水率等参数的弯道水面改善效果预测模型,可供工程设计参考。     

聚乙烯塑料管材导热系数测试方法探讨

由热量平衡原理,导出求解圆管材料导热系数的公式,经对式中各影响参数进行分析和试验究,以及模拟水管通水状况,提出了一种简单实用的聚乙烯塑料水管导热系数的测试方法,并进行了实例测试。     

STABILITY IN THE CIRCULAR PIPE FLOW OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｆｌｏｗｏｆｆｉｂｅｒｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｉｓｖｅｒｙｃｏｍｍｏｎｉｎｍａｎｙｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ,ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌａｎｄｆｏｏｄｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ .Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃ ｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｆｌｏｗｏｆｆｉｂｅｒｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎｓ,ｏｎｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ .Ｆｉｂｅｒａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅｓｍａｙ…