气泡在波浪中的运动

本文研究了单个球形小气泡在理想流体的波浪场中在浮力作用下的运动，忽略气泡对波流场的影响，导出了气泡运动的方程组。对方程组进行了求解，发现气泡运动中非线性耦合的影响随气泡半径的增大而增大，对于较小的气泡可以忽略；在小气泡情况下，由于重力波频率与气泡本征振动频率相差太远，二者的振动不合耦合，在气泡的上升过程中，气泡的振动很快衰减，基本上可以忽略，给出了气泡上升运动的轨迹所需的时间，在波浪较大，气泡较小     

THE MOTION OF A BUBBLE IN WAVES

The motion of a single spherical bubble due to buoyancy in the ideal fluid with waves is studied in this article. Assuming that the bubble has no effect on the wave field, equations of a bubble motion are attained. The equations are solved. It is found that the nonlinear effect increases with the increase of the bubble radius. Since the difference between the frequencies of gravity waves and the eigenfrequency of bubbles is great for small bubbles, their oscillations can not be coupled. During the rising of a bubble, the oscillation of the bubble decays very fast, so it can be ignored. The rising time and the motion orbit are given. When the wave is high and the bubble is small, the spiral orbit may appear.     

Boussinesq方程的二阶椭圆余弦驻波解

等深浅水域中的流体运动可由Boussinesq方程描述.众所周知,该方程有行进波解(孤立波及椭圆余弦波).本文则以Boussinesq方程为控制方程,利用渐近匹配法对椭圆余弦波在直墙上反射进行研究,给出了反射过程中内、外场波形及速度变化的解析表达,从而得到了Boussinesq方程的二阶椭圆余弦驻波型的解析解,并讨论了这类驻波的若干性质.当波长无限增大时,所得解析解收敛于孤立波的情况.这些解析结果不仅有助于揭示岸坡对非线性浅水波影响的力学机理,在海岸防护和开发和岸壁附近结构物的设计条件等工程领域中也具有现实的指导意义.     

Radiation and diffraction analysis of a cylindrical body with a moon pool

An analytical solution is presented for the radiation and the diffraction of a cylindrical body with a moon pool floating on the surface of water with a finite depth. The expressions for the potentials are obtained by the method of separation of variables, and the unknown coefficients are determined by the boundary conditions and the matching requirements on the interface. The effects of the moon pool on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the body are investigated. Some peaks are observed on the curves of the added mass and damping coefficients, corresponding to the resonant frequencies of the moon pool. The internal free surface moves like a piston at a certain low resonant frequency.     

单气泡在压力脉动场中运动的数值计算

本文对地均匀规则脉动场中的单气泡运动进行了数值计算，采用不做线化假定而直接对文献[1]中提出的气泡在自由流场中运动的控制方程进行计算，得出了一些很有意义的结论。     

Water entry of decelerating spheres simulations using improved ISPH method

In this paper, we simulated the vertical impact of spheres on a water surface using three-dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(3-D ISPH) method. The sphere motion is taken to be a rigid body motion and it is modeled by ISPH method. The governing equations are discretized and solved numerically using ISPH method. A stabilized incompressible SPH method by relaxing the density invariance condition is adopted. Here, we computed the motions of a rigid body by direct integration of the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface. The equations of translational and rotational motion were integrated in time domain to update the position of the rigid body at each time step. In this study, we improved the boundary treatment between fluid and fixed solid boundary by using virtual marker technique. In addition, an improved algorithm based on the virtual marker technique for the boundary particles is proposed to treat the moving boundary of the rigid body motion. The force exerted on the moving rigid boundary particles by the surrounding particles, is calculated by the SPH approximation at the virtual marker points. The applicability and efficiency of the current ISPH method are tested by comparison with reference experimental results.     

水和泥沙交界面上输运过程的数值研究

本文发展了计算海水和泥沙界面附近流场以及流体质点的渗透过程的数学模型。该模型将两个流动区域作为整体考虑，建立统一的控制方程组，并用有限差分法进行求解。其优点是在界面上不使用任何界面条件。通过分析数值结果，得到了流动的水平速度剖面、浓度和压力分布、流体质点的Lagrangian运动等。计算结果与现有实验符合得很好。     

一非线性偏微分方程的相似性解方程

本文考虑了一非线性偏微分方程,它表示在不同情况下的物理问题的控制方程,应用Morgan方法,得出了相似变量和相似性解方程,并讨论了它的一些特殊情况,即在固体力学和流体力学中某些问题的控制方程及其相应的相似变量和相似性解方程。     

单一粒径均匀悬浮固－液两相流中球泡的动力学方程

本文以Ｅｌｇｈｏｂａｓｈｉ和Ａｂｏｕ－Ａｒａｂ提出的固－液两相流动方程作为描述液体相运动的控制方程，以拉格朗日形式下的球形颗粒在液流中的运动方程作为描述固体颗粒相运动的基本方程，建立了固－液两相流中的泡动力方程及在球泡溃灭时间τｃ＊和固体颗粒动力响应驰豫时间τｒｅｌ＊分别为τｃ＊＞＞τｒｃｌ＊和τｃ＊＜＜τｒｅｌ＊两种极端情况下的简化方程。     

变速运动锥体超空泡形状分析与预测

研究了锥体空化器变速运动时非定常自然超空化流问题。基于势流理论,通过在对称轴上分布奇点(源和汇)的方法,建立了变速运动超空泡的积分方程。应用时间有限差分离散化方法,对问题进行了数值求解。分析了锥体空化器在做变速运动时(如速度脉冲变化、加速或减速等),超空泡长度和形状的非定常变化规律。同时,对基于本文方法得到的结果与已有理论的计算结果作了定性比较。本文的分析和预测结果可望为水下航行体空化器的分析与设计起到指导和数据参考作用。     

涌潮作用下丁坝附近水流运动特性的数值模拟研究

采用压力隐式算子分割法(PISO)求解雷诺时均方程和RNGκ-ε紊流模型,建立了描述涌潮作用下丁坝附近水流运动规律的数学模型。水流的控制方程采用有限体积法离散,物理变量采用交错网格布置,自由表面应用流体体积(VOF)法追踪。该数学模型得到实测资料的验证后,数值模拟了钱塘江涌潮作用下丁坝附近的流场、自由水面、涌潮变形和涌潮压力的变化规律等。结果表明:丁坝附近水力特性受涌潮影响较大,来潮初始,丁坝附近紊动强烈,流场和自由水面变化很大;丁坝上涌潮压力急剧增大,且丁坝不同高程处的压力几乎都在同一时刻达到其最大值。     

DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES WITH ARBITRARY SHAPES IN SHEAR FLOWS

A fluid-structure interaction method based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method and a dynamic mesh method was developed to simulate the dynamics of a rigid particle in shear flows. In the method, the governing equations for the fluid flow and particle motion were sequentially solved in a two-way coupling fashion. The mesh system was deformed or re-meshed by the dynamic mesh method. The method was employed to simulate the dynamics of a single particle suspended in a flow channel and the dynamics of the particle were studied. The simulation results show that the angular velocity is not only a function of the inclination angle, is but also influenced by the aspect ratio yielding a hysteresis, while the angular velocity obtained from the Keller-Scalak model is a function only of the inclination angle and does not show a hysteresis. The present simulations clearly demonstrate that the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) module is very stable, accurate and robust.     

Numerical simulation of the internal wave propagation in continuously densitystratified ocean

A numerical model is proposed to simulate the internal wave propagation in a continuously density-stratified ocean, and in the model, the momentum equations are derived from the Euler equations on the basis of the Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations, including the continuity equation and the momentum equations, are discretized with the finite volume method. The advection terms are treated with the total variation diminishing （TVD） scheme, and the SIMPLE algorithm is employed to solve the discretized governing equations. After the modeling test, the suitable TVD scheme is selected. The SIMPLE algorithm is modified to simplify the calculation process, and it is easily made to adapt to the TVD scheme. The Sommerfeld＇s radiation condition combined with a sponge layer is adopted at the outflow boundary. In the water flume with a constant water depth, the numerical results are compared to the analytical solutions with a good agreement. The numerical simulations are carried out for a wave flume with a submerged dike, and the model results are analyzed in detail. The results show that the present numerical model can effectively simulate the propagation of the internal wave.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF VORTEX FLOW IN HYDRAULIC TURBINE DRAFT TUBE FOR LES

The three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow is studied numerically in the whole flow passage of hydraulic turbine, and vortex flow in the draft tube is predicted accurately in this paper. The numerical prediction is based on the Navier-Stokes equations and Large-Eddy Simulation （LES） model. The SIMPLE algorithm with the body fitted coordinate and tetrahedroid grid system is applied for the solution of the discretization governing equations.     

Estimation of boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past a stretching sheet: A revised model

The previous model for the boundary layer nanofluid flow past a stretching surface with a specified nanoparticle volume fraction on the surface is revisited.The major limitation of the previous model is the active control of the nanoparticle volume fraction on the surface.In a revised model proposed in this paper,the nanoparticle volume fraction on the surface is passively controlled,which accounts for the effects of both the Brownian motion and the thermophoresis under the boundary condition,whereas the Buongiorno’s model considers both effects in the governing equations.The assumption of zero nanoparticle flux on the surface makes the model physically more realistic.In the revised model,the dimensionless heat transfer rates are found to be higher whereas the dimensionless mass transfer rates are identically zero due to the passive boundary condition.It is also found that the Brownian motion parameter has a negligible effect on the Nusselt number.     

基于σ坐标变换和水位函数法的立面二维水动力学模型

根据近年来计算水力学在计算方法上的最新成果,提出了一种用于计算水流运动沿水深方向变化动水压力条件下的立面二维水动力学模型。模型中,采用基于Boussinesq假定的不可压缩牛顿流体的Navier-stokes方程作为控制方程,并对其做σ坐标变换,简化了计算区域。数值方法上,通过有限差分法离散控制方程,采用矩形交错网格,利用水位函数法求解自由水面流动,通过分步解法在交错网格上求解速度项和动水压力项。用该模型模拟了微幅波运动,并对模型计算结果与微幅波运动解析解进行比较,结果表明该立面二维水动力学模型具有良好的精度。     

NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF PRESSURE GRADIENT FOR THE FLOW OF POWER-LAW FLUID IN ANNULUS WITH INNER CYLINDER EXECUTING A PLANETARY MOTION

With the governing equations for the flow of the power-law fluid in annulus with the inner cylinder executing a planetary motion being transformed by using the undetermined coefficient method, the formula of pressure gradient for this flow under the given flow rate and the relevant numerical calculation method are given in this article. Through the experiments on the flow of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) aqueous solution which can be regarded as a power-law fluid, the calculated results of the pressure gradient values are compared with measured data, the mean relative error between them is smaller than 5%, which verifies the results presented in this article.     

圆柱容器内流经环形填充层流动的研究

本文对圆柱容器内流经环形填充层的流动进行了分析,导得了基本运动方程,并进行了实验研究。计算结果与实验结果符合得比较好。研究表明,结构型式、中心通道与环形通道面积比、填充层自身的阻力系数以及圆柱容器的长径比,对于流经填充层的径向流速沿轴向的分布都有影响。     

扰动淤泥与沉积淤泥的流变特性研究

为了分析不同沉积状态的淤泥流变特性，本文将淤泥作为线性粘弹性体，提出了根据泥水系统控制方程解答和波浪在泥床上传播时的实测变化规律求取淤泥流变参数的反分析方法，并利用遗传算法分别求解搅匀(扰动)与自然沉积淤泥的流变参数.结果表明，淤泥平均密度相同时，自然沉积淤泥的弹性模量明显大于人工搅匀淤泥的弹性模量，两者的粘性系数随淤泥密度的变化规律也有明显区别，这主要是由于沉积淤泥与搅匀淤泥的内部结构不同所造成的.