除草剂、除草膜防除烟田杂草试验

在云南昭通和曲靖进行了烟田除草试验 ,结果表明 ,相对于普通无色地膜覆盖栽培而言 ,除芽通、敌草胺和金都尔除草膜对烟田杂草的相对防除效果分别为 93.8%、6 1.2 %、4 3.7% ,方差分析证明各处理间差异达极显著水平     

烟田除草地膜的研制及防除杂草的效果

研制了双草克膜，高效盖草能膜，都捕净膜４种除草地膜并对烟田杂草防除效果进行了试验。结果表明，不同除草地膜对烟田杂草的防效存在显著差异，都尔膜和双草克膜对烟田杂草的防效显著高于拿捕净膜和高效盖草能膜。随着烟株的生育进展，除草地膜对杂草的防效在上升。     

配色膜覆盖栽培对烟田杂草控制效果研究

开展了不同地膜覆盖栽培对烟田杂草的控制效果研究，结果表明，配色膜控草综合效果量佳，移栽后60d的控草效果达到83．5％，生育期较其它处理略早，农艺性状与其它处理差异不明显，烟叶内在化学成分协调，产值量最高，同时对配色膜控草技术进行了大面积示范推广，推广效果理想。     

A 75% reduction in herbicide use through integration with sorghum + sunflower extracts for weed management in wheat

BACKGROUND: To reduce herbicide use by 75%, integrated use of sorghum and sunflower extracts each at 18 L ha^?1 combined with 1/4^th (75% less) of label rates of four herbicides (mesosulfuron + idosulfuron, metribuzin, phenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl and isoproturon) were investigated for the management of wild oat and canary grass, the two pernicious weeds in wheat fields worldwide. RESULTS: The results revealed that sorghum + sunflower extracts combined with 1/4^th (75% less) of label rates of herbicides inhibited dry matter production of wild oat by up to 89% and canary grass by up to 92%. The wild oat and canary grass persistence index in sorghum + sunflower extracts combined with 1/4^th (75% less) of label rates of herbicides was either lower or equal to respective label rates of herbicides, except sorghum + sunflower extract + 1/4^th phenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl. Lower herbicide rates + water extracts also produced wheat grain yield statistically equal with label rates of respective herbicides. Two treatments having water extracts + lower herbicides rates were economical and sorghum + sunflower + 1/4^th mesosulfuron + idosulfuron produced the highest (4404%) marginal rate of return. CONCLUSION: Herbicides use can be reduced by 75% through integration with sorghum + sunflower extracts without compromising yield and net benefits for cost‐effective and eco‐friendly management of wild oat and canary grass in wheat. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Arizona's tobacco control initiative illustrates the need for continuing oversight by tobacco control advocates

BACKGROUND: In 1994, Arizona voters approved Proposition 200 which increased the tobacco tax and earmarked 23% of the new revenues for tobacco education programmes. OBJECTIVE: To describe the campaign to pass Proposition 200, the legislative debate that followed the passage of the initiative, and the development and implementation of the tobacco control programme. DESIGN: This is a case study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key players in the initiative campaign and in the tobacco education programme, and written records (campaign material, newspapers, memoranda, public records). RESULTS: Despite opposition from the tobacco industry, Arizonans approved an increase in the tobacco tax. At the legislature, health advocates in Arizona successfully fought the tobacco industry attempts to divert the health education funds and pass preemptive legislation. The executive branch limited the scope of the programme to adolescents and pregnant women. It also prevented the programme from attacking the tobacco industry or focusing on secondhand smoke. Health advocates did not put enough pressure at the executive branch to force it to develop a comprehensive tobacco education programme. CONCLUSIONS: It is not enough for health advocates to campaign for an increase in tobacco tax and to protect the funds at the legislature. Tobacco control advocates must closely monitor the development and implementation of tax-funded tobacco education programmes at the administrative level and be willing to press the executive to implement effective programmes.