某钢铁厂污水回用项目反渗透膜污染的分析和清洗

经过污堵物质的分析,采用了合适的复合药剂,利用成熟的膜清洗工艺流程对膜组件进行了清洗研究。     

污水深度回用装置反渗透膜的污染及化学清洗

结合水处理中常见的污染物种类,介绍了污水深度回用装置的反渗透膜污染情况及合理的化学清洗方案。     

化工废水回用反渗透膜元件污染分析

针对北京某化工厂废水回用反渗透(RO)系统在运行过程中出现进水压力增大、产水量迅速增大和脱盐率明显下降等问题,对进水端膜元件进行解剖分析,考察膜片脱盐层是否受损.综合利用热重分析仪(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDAX)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对膜表面附着的黑色污染物进行成...     

生活小区污水回用可行性探讨

许多生活小区都建有污水处理厂,小区污水经处理后排放。对缺水地区,这部分水经处理后可以回用作生活杂用水,为此,本文提出了混凝沉淀、过滤的改进工艺,可满足生活杂用水的要求。     

碳化硅陶瓷膜处理采油污水的中试试验

用0.02μm的多通道非对称性碳化硅陶瓷膜对采油污水进行了现场中试。在各种运行条件下,陶瓷膜出水SS<1.0 mg/L,油<10 mg/L,粒径中值<1.0μm。还考察了不同运行条件下陶瓷膜膜通量和跨膜压差的变化,以及强化混凝过滤对膜通量的影响。根据试验结果对陶瓷膜在采油污水处理中的进一步研究提出了建议,并对其工程应用前景进行了展望。     

工业污水回用中试工艺流程的探讨

针对94^#装置R350二沉池排水进行污水回用中试研究,中试装置规模为4t/h。根据水质特点、回用目的以及制水成本等多方面因素考虑,设计了一种工艺流程,并在中试过程中对该工艺流程不断改进,使其更加合理．取得了预期的水处理效果。     

疏干水回用反渗透膜元件污染成因分析

针对某煤电厂疏干水回用反渗透系统在运行过程中出现进水压力增大,产水量和脱盐率明显衰减问题,分别对进水端首支和浓水端末支膜元件进行物理外观检查和标准性能测试。结果表明,受测的2支膜元件外观良好,未发生物理泄漏现象,但产水量和脱盐率较新膜元件大幅下降。解剖后膜片表面完整且未发生氧化现象,目视无明显污染物。利用扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)、总有机碳分析仪(TOC)等对反渗透系统进水水质、膜片表面进行表征,测出进水中硅质量浓度较高,膜片表面主要是氧化硅污染,需对进水预处理工艺做出调整,并及时对反渗透系统进行化学清洗,恢复到初始压差。     

抗污染RO膜在热电厂中水回用中长期运行的研究

中水回用是目前解决城市缺水和工业企业节能减排的有效方法,抗污染型反渗透膜在中水回用中的作用越来越重要。概述了VONTRON FR11-8040抗污染型反渗透膜在大连热电集团中水回用项目上的应用,并与国外某知名品牌抗污染反渗透膜的长期运行情况进行了对比。     

基于MBR脱氮除磷与污水回用中试研究

以贵阳市城市污水为研究对象,采用MBR脱氮除磷工艺进行了140 d的中试试验。试验结果表明,在无外加碳源的情况下,系统对COD、TN、NH4+-N、TP的去除率分别达到91.9%、78%、99.8%、89%,平均出水分别在26.41、11.8、0.27、0.49 mg.L-1;试验结束时对剩余污泥进行了序批式试验,表明系统中DPAOs/PAOs在39.7%左右,DPAOs的富集强化了系统的除磷效果。出水中的SS质量浓度、浊度及大肠杆菌数量分别小于4 mg.L-1、3 NTU、2个,达到城市杂用水的回用标准。定期采用体积分数0.5%的NaClO药洗有效地抑制了膜的污染,保证了产水的稳定性。     

反渗透/纳滤膜剖检分析与膜污染诊断研究进展

反渗透（RO）/纳滤（NF）膜元件在长期运行过程中会不可避免地发生膜污染,当产水水质无法满足应用指标时,就需要对膜元件进行更换。膜剖检分析是研究和确定膜污染最直观有效的方法,通过膜剖检分析及膜污染诊断可以为膜元件的日常维护、膜系统运行优化和膜性能修复提供有效依据。但是,目前对于膜剖检分析的实践及膜污染诊断研究还不系统、不全面。本文针对RO/NF膜剖检分析及膜污染诊断相关研究,介绍了膜元件剖检分析流程和各类膜污染分析方法,分析了实际应用中存在的问题,并根据膜剖检分析的意义和价值,重点综述了膜污染成分诊断、膜污染分布情况诊断、不同应用场景膜污染情况对比和不同膜材料的污染情况对比研究进展,以期为膜污染机制研究、膜污染预防控制和膜系统运行改善提供参考。     

Optimizing the coagulant dose to control membrane fouling in combined coagulation/ultrafiltration systems for textile wastewater reclamation

Optimal coagulation conditions need to be re-examined when coagulation is coupled to membrane filtration for wastewater treatment. This work focused on the optimization of coagulant dosing in order to control membrane fouling in ultrafiltration (UF), following coagulation for the reclamation of textile wastewater. The effects of pore size and coagulant types and dosages on flux decline were investigated using a stirred-cell UF unit. The flux was greatly enhanced for the UF membrane when a coagulant was added, whereas for the microfiltration (MF) membrane the flux decreased. This could be attributed to changes in the size of coagulated particles and their interaction with membrane pores. At a low dosage (e.g., 0.0371 mM as Al), the polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant was found to control the flux decline most effectively for low ionic-strength wastewater. The optimal dose minimized the fouling and cake layer resistances, although it was sharp and dependent on influent composition. The cake layer protected the membrane from fouling, but it provided additional resistance to permeation. Analyses of turbidity, particle size, and membrane surface exhibited the characteristics of coagulated particles and their cake structures that are closely associated with flux behavior.     

A review on the forward osmosis applications and fouling control strategies for wastewater treatment

During the last decades, the utilization of osmotic pressure-driven forward osmosis technology for wastewater treatment has drawn great interest, due to its high separation efficiency, low membrane fouling propensity, high water recovery and relatively low energy consumption. This review paper summarizes the implementation of forward osmosis technology for various wastewater treatment including municipal sewage, landfill leachate, oil/gas exploitation wastewater, textile wastewater, mine wastewater, and radioactive wastewater. However, membrane fouling is still a critical issue, which affects water flux stability, membrane life and operating cost. Different membrane fouling types and corresponding fouling mechanisms, including organic fouling, inorganic fouling, biofouling and combined fouling are therefore further discussed. The fouling control strategies including feed pre-treatment, operation condition optimization, membrane selection and modification, membrane cleaning and tailoring the chemistry of draw solution are also reviewed comprehensively. At the end of paper, some recommendations are proposed.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用范围和规模虽然不断增加,然而,膜污染严重阻碍了膜生物反应器技术的推广应用。作者从膜的性质、料液性质以及膜分离的操作条件三个方面分析了膜污染的成因和膜污染过程,系统论述了膜污染在国内外的研究进展;另外还从改善膜本身的抗污染能力,变化混合液的特性,优化膜分离的操作条件和膜清洗四个方面介绍了膜污染的防治方法。     

BF抗污染反渗透膜及其在废水处理中的应用

（株）世韩开发的BF系列抗污染反渗透膜具有良好的抗污染特性，尤其应用于工业地表水和废水处理领域时，膜水通量衰减小，系统运行能耗低，制水周期长，清洗效果显著，是一种性能优异的新型反渗透复合膜。     

一体式膜生物反应器作为反渗透预处理技术的试验研究

为给某企业的反渗透系统提供稳定的优质进水,采用一体式膜生物反应器对某城市污水处理厂二级出水进行了深度处理中试试验。研究结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为7～15 mg/L时,色度为20～50度,浊度为0.70～3.57 NTU,膜通量10.0～13.75 L/(m2.h)、跨膜压差0.019～0.038 MPa、曝气量20 m3/h、制水时间40min、停机时间3 min、HRT 3.6～5.0 h条件下,MBR系统出水COD质量浓度小于10 mg/L,色度小于30度,浊度小于1 NTU,SDI15小于3,满足反渗透系统进水水质要求;MBR系统出水水质稳定,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力。另外,探讨了MBR系统的跨膜压差与膜通量之间的关系。     

Performances of RO and NF processes for wastewater reuse: Tertiary treatment after a conventional activated sludge or a membrane bioreactor

Wastewater reclamation requires processes and technologies having the ability to reduce the presence of micropollutants which are not wholly treated in conventional WWTP. Due to the complexity of membrane-solute interactions and the diversity of secondary treatment effluent (STE) matrices, deeper investigations are required to identify the major foulant species and more specifically their behaviour at high concentration in real waters. This study investigates the rejection and fouling potential of nanofiltration (NF) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with two STEs sampled from i) a conventional activated sludge process coupled with ultrafiltration (CAS-UF) and from ii) a membrane bioreactor MBR (AquaRM^®, SAUR (France)). Whatever the origin of the effluent, RO seems to be the best solution to prevent pollution of tertiary effluents (expected result) but also to obtain low fouling levels. The different composition and molecular weight distribution of MBR and CAS-UF effluents can explain the different fouling behaviours that were observed.     

含单宁酸模拟废水对反渗透膜的污染研究

通过改变单宁酸溶液浓度、pH值等参数以及与不同金属离子的协同反应,考察了单宁酸物质对反渗透膜的污染而引发的膜性能的变化过程。试验结果表明,单宁酸的质量浓度为50 mg/L的高浓度与4、10 mg/L的低浓度引发膜通量下降的规律不同;pH值越高,膜污染越慢;K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+与单宁酸协同作用时产生的膜污染程度依次加剧,其中单宁酸溶液中存在Mg2+、Ca2+时的污染速率远大于K+、Na+。     

膜分离技术处理航天废水

采用膜分离技术对航天废水进行深度净化,整机净化流程为多段梯度过滤,预处理为微米级砂滤及臭氧曝气,经氧化沉淀后的水再经过超滤（UF）处理,此时的出水已可回用于一般冲洗用途;随后,在反渗透（RO）装置中将UF系统的出水再进行深度净化,水质中化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮和偏二甲基肼浓度分别为：< 10mg/L、4.4mg/L和<0.5mg/L,可回用于较高用途。废水深度净化后,污染物被吸附于膜表面,RO膜出现压差不断增加、产水量减少、产水电导略微上升的现象。膜清洗选用0.8mol/L的NaOH和0.5%的84消毒液的混合液作为清洗剂,浸泡28h后清洗效果最佳。实验结果表明膜分离深度净化航天废水工艺的技术可行,经济效益可观,绿色环保,实现了循环经济,可降低航天废水对环境的污染。