新加坡SUT公司用抗污染反渗透膜成功回收废水

新加坡政府运用抗污染(Fouling Resistant)反渗透膜技术建立起一个全球最大(1248m^3/h)的工业及市政污水回用工厂。该系统设计具有坚实的试验基础,独具匠心,运行效果良好。本文旨在分享该项目的成功经验。     

生活小区污水回用可行性探讨

许多生活小区都建有污水处理厂,小区污水经处理后排放。对缺水地区,这部分水经处理后可以回用作生活杂用水,为此,本文提出了混凝沉淀、过滤的改进工艺,可满足生活杂用水的要求。     

耐污染反渗透膜在城市生活污水回用中的应用研究

城市生活污水经污水处理厂处理后已成为达到国家二级排放标准的微污染水,如再经预处理＋反渗透组合工艺处理可以达到工业用水的水质,如锅炉补给水、循环冷却水等。分别测试了耐污染反渗透膜与普通反渗透膜的耐污染性能以及其他各项指标,并从它们的功能基团与膜表面结构角度初步探讨耐污染机理。考察了耐污染反渗透膜性能的变化规律,为以后的应用工程设计提供了基本参数。     

工业污水回用中试工艺流程的探讨

针对94^#装置R350二沉池排水进行污水回用中试研究,中试装置规模为4t/h。根据水质特点、回用目的以及制水成本等多方面因素考虑,设计了一种工艺流程,并在中试过程中对该工艺流程不断改进,使其更加合理．取得了预期的水处理效果。     

反渗透深度处理回用生活污水的试验研究

某厂生活污水站的出水经混凝-砂滤-UF处理后,用小型反渗透设备对UF产水进行了脱盐试验,测量了给水压力及浓水回流比对产水水质、水回收率、产水量的影响;对进水量为14250m^3/d的反渗透工程进行了计算机模拟。试验及模拟结果表明,用反渗透处理经混凝-砂滤-UF处理后的某厂生活污水是可行的,可以得到高质量的产水。     

抗污染RO膜在热电厂中水回用中长期运行的研究

中水回用是目前解决城市缺水和工业企业节能减排的有效方法,抗污染型反渗透膜在中水回用中的作用越来越重要。概述了VONTRON FR11-8040抗污染型反渗透膜在大连热电集团中水回用项目上的应用,并与国外某知名品牌抗污染反渗透膜的长期运行情况进行了对比。     

工业污水深度处理回用技术研究

通过对石化企业工业污水进行曝气生物滤池、连续微滤、反渗透等深度处理,使出水满足工业化用水的水质要求,从而得以回用。     

A/OMBR处理回用城市生活污水的中试研究

对一体式膜生物反应器进行了中试实验,主要研究了该工艺对生活污水中各种污染物质的去除效果。结果表明,MBR稳定运行期间不仅能有效地抗击各种冲击负荷,而且出水水质稳定,对CODCr浊度、NH3-N的去除率分别为94％、99％和98％;中试丁艺对TN、TP也有较好的去除效果;膜组件对水中微生物的去除率在99．99％以上,保证了工艺出水回用的安全性和可靠性。     

污水回用制除盐水的应用分析

分析了利用工厂污水制取高价值除盐水的技术方案,并根据技术比较选定技术路线,采用预处理、初步除盐、深度除盐的三段处理方案实现污水回用制除盐水,可有效实现企业的节能减排和可持续发展,为企业带来极佳的经济、社会和环境效益。     

煤制甲醇污水深度处理及回用工程实例

针对煤制甲醇生产用水量大,污水污染物浓度高的特点,为节水减排,保护环境,设计采用IMC工艺处理以气化污水为主的生产污水;双膜法深度处理循环水系统的排污水.生产污水和循环水系统的排污水经处理后均回用作为循环水系统的补充水.煤制甲醇污水处理后回用,不仅节约了水资源,而且大大减少了污水外排对环境的污染,取得了较好的节水效果和社会效益.     

Optimizing the coagulant dose to control membrane fouling in combined coagulation/ultrafiltration systems for textile wastewater reclamation

Optimal coagulation conditions need to be re-examined when coagulation is coupled to membrane filtration for wastewater treatment. This work focused on the optimization of coagulant dosing in order to control membrane fouling in ultrafiltration (UF), following coagulation for the reclamation of textile wastewater. The effects of pore size and coagulant types and dosages on flux decline were investigated using a stirred-cell UF unit. The flux was greatly enhanced for the UF membrane when a coagulant was added, whereas for the microfiltration (MF) membrane the flux decreased. This could be attributed to changes in the size of coagulated particles and their interaction with membrane pores. At a low dosage (e.g., 0.0371 mM as Al), the polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant was found to control the flux decline most effectively for low ionic-strength wastewater. The optimal dose minimized the fouling and cake layer resistances, although it was sharp and dependent on influent composition. The cake layer protected the membrane from fouling, but it provided additional resistance to permeation. Analyses of turbidity, particle size, and membrane surface exhibited the characteristics of coagulated particles and their cake structures that are closely associated with flux behavior.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用范围和规模虽然不断增加,然而,膜污染严重阻碍了膜生物反应器技术的推广应用。作者从膜的性质、料液性质以及膜分离的操作条件三个方面分析了膜污染的成因和膜污染过程,系统论述了膜污染在国内外的研究进展;另外还从改善膜本身的抗污染能力,变化混合液的特性,优化膜分离的操作条件和膜清洗四个方面介绍了膜污染的防治方法。     

某钢铁厂污水回用项目反渗透膜污染的分析和清洗

经过污堵物质的分析,采用了合适的复合药剂,利用成熟的膜清洗工艺流程对膜组件进行了清洗研究。     

一体式膜生物反应器作为反渗透预处理技术的试验研究

为给某企业的反渗透系统提供稳定的优质进水,采用一体式膜生物反应器对某城市污水处理厂二级出水进行了深度处理中试试验。研究结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为7～15 mg/L时,色度为20～50度,浊度为0.70～3.57 NTU,膜通量10.0～13.75 L/(m2.h)、跨膜压差0.019～0.038 MPa、曝气量20 m3/h、制水时间40min、停机时间3 min、HRT 3.6～5.0 h条件下,MBR系统出水COD质量浓度小于10 mg/L,色度小于30度,浊度小于1 NTU,SDI15小于3,满足反渗透系统进水水质要求;MBR系统出水水质稳定,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力。另外,探讨了MBR系统的跨膜压差与膜通量之间的关系。     

Performances of RO and NF processes for wastewater reuse: Tertiary treatment after a conventional activated sludge or a membrane bioreactor

Wastewater reclamation requires processes and technologies having the ability to reduce the presence of micropollutants which are not wholly treated in conventional WWTP. Due to the complexity of membrane-solute interactions and the diversity of secondary treatment effluent (STE) matrices, deeper investigations are required to identify the major foulant species and more specifically their behaviour at high concentration in real waters. This study investigates the rejection and fouling potential of nanofiltration (NF) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with two STEs sampled from i) a conventional activated sludge process coupled with ultrafiltration (CAS-UF) and from ii) a membrane bioreactor MBR (AquaRM^®, SAUR (France)). Whatever the origin of the effluent, RO seems to be the best solution to prevent pollution of tertiary effluents (expected result) but also to obtain low fouling levels. The different composition and molecular weight distribution of MBR and CAS-UF effluents can explain the different fouling behaviours that were observed.     

Pilot study for reclamation of secondary treated sewage effluent

A pilot study for reclamation of secondary treated sewage effluent in Singapore was conducted using a MF/RO system with the capacity of 20 m³/d. A 0.1 μm MF membrane from Asahi and RE-4040-FL RO membrane from Saehan were used in this study. The pilot plant consists of six spiral-wound RO elements. The RO train was configured in single stage. The pilot plant was designed with automatic control system and it was operated continuously (24 h) during the study. Trial runs on various flux rates of the RO membrane at different operating pressures were conducted over 3 months. The pilot results showed that the optimal operation flux rate of the RO membrane ranged from 10 to 15 gal/f²/d (GFD) for this application. The normalized flux after CIP was 97% of the initial one. At a flux rate of 10 GFD and water recovery of 50%, the average operating pressure of 57 psi was noted corresponding to a high normalized flux of 38 L m⁻² h⁻¹ MPa⁻¹ at 25°C. Rejections of the RO membrane in terms of conductivity, TOC, ammonium and nitrate were higher than 96%,97%,90% and 85%, respectively. It was concluded that the RO permeate quality in terms of conductivity, turbidity, TOC, ammonium, nitrate, hardness, total bacteria and total coliform matched the quality of high-grade water (NEWater) for use in the electronics industry.     

反渗透膜污染成因与防治

反渗透膜的污染受膜自身性质、水质和操作条件的影响。综述了膜材料、膜结构和膜组件、操作温度、压力、pH值、剪切速率和水质对反渗透膜污染的研究现状,同时指出研制低／抗污染膜和膜组件,优化操作条件．增设水质预处理和有效的膜清洗是皈渗透膜技术的发展方向。     

反渗透膜污染成因与防治

反渗透膜的污染受膜自身性质、水质和操作条件的影响.综述了膜材料、膜结构和膜组件、操作温度、压力、pH值、剪切速率和水质对反渗透膜污染的研究现状,同时指出研制低/抗污染膜和膜组件,优化操作条件.增设水质预处理和有效的膜清洗是反渗透膜技术的发展方向.     

Investigations of the coupled effect of cake-enhanced osmotic pressure and colloidal fouling in RO using crossflow sampler-modified fouling index ultrafiltration

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using the resistivity and deposition rate data from Crossflow Sampler-Modified Fouling Index Ultrafiltration (CFS-MFI_UF) measurements to determine the coupled effects of colloidal fouling and cake enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP) effect. Cake filtration derived from CFS-MFI_UF was combined with a CEOP model to predict the crossflow RO fouling profile under constant flux filtration. The prediction based on resistivity, I′ from CFS-MFI_UF measurement alone was found to underestimate the RO fouling for high salinity solutions. However, when incorporating the mass information from the CFS-MFI_UF test to account for the CEOP effect, the prediction showed good agreement with the TMP profile of the RO system. The results indicated that the CFS-MFI_UF test which includes the CEOP effect is a very promising technique to provide an estimation of the RO colloidal fouling profile. When the changes of cake thickness and porosity throughout the filtration were considered, the predicted TMP profile based on the model clearly indicated a two-stage of fouling profile which agreed well with the experimental data. Additional studies on the effects of cake thickness and porosity on CEOP highlighted the important influence of cake structure on CEOP.     

污水深度回用装置反渗透膜的污染及化学清洗

结合水处理中常见的污染物种类,介绍了污水深度回用装置的反渗透膜污染情况及合理的化学清洗方案。