The Effect of a Longitudinal Magnetic Field on the Radiation of Glow Discharge in Helium

The effect of a longitudinal magnetic field on the radiation of a glow discharge in helium is investigated experimentally. It is demonstrated that, with pressures in the discharge chamber below approximately 140 Pa, the intensity of radiation of spectral lines of helium and of continuous spectrum increases by a factor of 200–300 under the effect of a magnetic field. So strong an increase in the radiation of glow discharge in helium is observed in the region where no electric field of discharge is present. An attempt is made at attributing the obtained result to the decrease in the ambipolar diffusion of electrons to the wall; this brings about an increase in the density and temperature of electrons which start exciting metastable states of helium.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2005, pp. 516–525.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by I. M. Ulanov and A. Yu. Litvintsev.     

Plasmadynamic Structure of Electrode Torches and its Influence on the Dynamics of Development of Pulsed Surface Discharge

An experimental study has been made of the plasmadynamic structure of electrode plasma torches and its influence on the dynamics of development of a high-current pulsed surface discharge with separated torches at atmospheric and low pressures. Much attention has been given to the behavior of the discharge with change in experimental conditions. Consideration has also been given to the jet properties in the outflow of a luminous substance, which manifests itself in the structural properties of photoscans. The mechanism of spatial “spreading” of the channel of the surface discharge with separated torches has been proposed.__________Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 172–177, March–April, 2005.     

Numerical Simulation of Swirling Flows in Vortex Tubes

Complete Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically for the case of an intense swirling flow in an axisymmetric channel with an orifice plate in the delivery cross section and a throttle in the form of a peripheral slit at the opposite end. Flow patterns and velocity and temperature fields are obtained. The presence of precession of axial vortex is observed, as well as the formation of large-scale vortex structures. The numerical calculation results are compared for the first time with the experimental data obtained using Ranque-Hilsch energy separators.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2005, pp. 606–611.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by O. V. Kazantseva, Sh. A. Piralishvili, and A. A. Fuzeeva.     

VUV Radiation spectra of erosion plasma of a jet of high-current diaphragm discharge in vacuum

Experimental results are given of spectral investigations of radiation of a cathode jet of varying chemical composition produced by a diaphragm discharge in a vacuum ultraviolet spectral region (115–190 nm) under conditions of magnetogasdynamic flow of plasma over a decimeter-scale interelectrode gap.Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 032–038. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by E. V. Kalashnikov, A. G. Bedrin, S. N. Rachkulik A. N. Zhilin V. K. Elts.     

Investigation of Electric Discharge in Gas of Superhigh Density with Preliminary Adiabatic Compression

A powerful electric discharge in high-density hydrogen is investigated in a two-stage facility. The initial experimental conditions are as follows: the energy stored in a capacitive storage, 140–300 kJ; the discharge current, 90–220 kA; the current rise rate dI/dt 10⁸ A/s; the charging voltage, 4.0–6.0 kV. The maximal concentration of hydrogen molecules n, achieved after adiabatic compression of gas (immediately before the discharge), is 3.3 × 10²² cm^–3. The electrical parameters of the discharge and the gas pressure are measured in the experiments. The temperature, the concentration of charged particles, and the discharge channel radius are calculated using the results of these measurements. The estimates reveal that, under the given initial conditions, the arc channel temperature is (1.3–1.8) × 10⁵ K, the concentration of charged particles is (0.7–1.2) × 10²⁰ cm^–3, and the channel radius is 0.14–0.20 cm.     

Numerical Simulation of Convection-Conduction Heat Transfer in a Block of Rectangular Microchannels

Numerical simulation is performed of the thermal state of a block of rectangular microchannels for different options of heat supply and for a developing distribution of the velocity of liquid in channels and end chambers. Three-dimensional fields of temperature and heat fluxes are obtained both in the frame of the block and in the flow of heat-transfer agent. Calculations are performed for different ratios of the geometric dimensions of the channel and of the frame walls. Simultaneous analysis is made of the calculation results and experimental data on the cooling capacity of the microchannel system.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2005, pp. 580–593.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by V. I. Artemov, A. I. Leontiev, and A. F. Polyakov.     

The Effect of a High-Voltage Diffuse Gas Discharge on Microbiological Cultures

The results are given of investigation of the inactivation of microbiological cultures in moist and dry states by low-temperature plasma of a low-power diffuse pulse-periodic discharge (up to 5 W) initiated in the air at a pressure of tens of torr and with an interelectrode gap of up to 10 cm. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, inoculated onto test samples in an amount of ∼10⁸, were used as reference cultures. It is found that a complete sterility of moist and dry test samples is attained after 15 minutes of treatment at an average discharge power of 0.3–0.4 W and 3–4 W, respectively. The inference is drawn that charged particles play a determining part in the bactericidal effect of the discharge.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 367–373.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by S. N. Buranov, S. V. Voevodin, I. A. Voevodina, P. S. Zubeev, V. I. Karelin, P. B. Repin, V. D. Selemir, and S. Yu. Usacheva.     

The Problem of “Low Concentrations” in the Calculation of Thermodynamic Equilibrium

A modification of the standard algorithm for the calculation of the parameters of chemical equilibrium is suggested, which enables one to overcome computational difficulties associated with the degeneracy of equations of the elemental composition of a mixture. The use of this method for the calculation of equilibrium of a multicomponent multiphase mixture is described.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2005, pp. 526–532.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by A. S. Petrusev.     

Positive column of glow discharge in longitudinal gas flow

A system of nonlinear equations describing a positive discharge column in a cylindrical channel with a gas flow is solved.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 818–823, May, 1988.     

Characteristics of a longitudinal glow discharge

A system of equations has been solved that describes the positive column in a glow discharge in a cylindrical channel bearing a longitudinal gas flow.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 289–296, February, 1985.     

Interaction between an electric-discharge vibration generator and the liquid metal in a ladle

A closed calculation scheme is proposed for investigating, in the axisymmetric case, the processing of liquid metals by means of a device whose operating principle is based on electric discharge in water. The liquid motion in the discharge chamber of the device, the strain of structural elements, and the propagation of disturbances in the liquid metal are described by equations of hydrodynamics and elasticity and the wave equation, respectively. The calculation scheme accounts for the possibility of cavitation development. It is shown that cavitation can arise virtually throughout the liquid metal volume as a result of a single electric discharge.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 11, pp. 78–82, November, 1991.     

Simulation of Perfluoromethane Decomposition in an Atmospheric-Pressure Microwave Discharge

The kinetic mechanism of transformation of perfluorohydrocarbons into the element system C-F-N-O has been investigated in detail. A two-dimensional stationary model of a reactor for decomposition of perfluoromethane under the conditions characteristic of a microwave discharge at atmospheric pressure is presented. Good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data has been obtained.__________Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 178–188, March–April, 2005.     

Radiative heat transfer to a laminar liquid flow

A calculation is presented of the temperature distribution in a laminar liquid flow moving in a circular tube. The heat exchange on the outer surface of the channel is determined by the Stefan — Boltzmann law.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 487–491, March, 1970.     

A method of calculating the rate of release of Wigner energy in heat conduction problems for irradiated graphite

A method is developed for the calculation of the rate of release of stored energy when annealing stored graphite. The method is based on the utilization of regularities of the sample temperature rise under adiabatic heating. The algorithm of calculation of internal heat sources, which is based on this method, is realized in the case of numerical solution of the problem of heat conduction in irradiated graphite under conditions of Wigner energy release. The method is verified using the adiabatic heating of a cylindrical sample as an example. An investigation is performed of the effect of the coefficient of intensity of heat transfer between a graphite sample and environment on the process of variation of temperature fields in the sample with release of stored energy.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2005, pp. 267–273.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by A. I. Dostov.     

Solution for the 3D Temperature Problem of the Thermoelasticity Theory in Displacements

A new method of solution for the 3D problem of the thermoelasticity theory in displacements is proposed. The resultant general solution can be used in solving thermoelastic problems both for half-space and an elastic layer. The second boundary-value problem for half-space is detailed and numerical calculation is given.__________Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 86 – 95, May – June, 2005.     

Investigation of Characteristic Features of Critical Heat Transfer under Conditions of Boiling of Subcooled Hydrocarbons in a Close-to-Critical Pressure Range

Results are given of an investigation of heat transfer under conditions of boiling of subcooled benzene and toluene at close-to-critical pressures in a vertical straight and horizontal coil pipes. A nonuniform distribution of the wall temperature along the perimeter of the horizontal coil pipe is revealed, as well as a smooth rise of this temperature under conditions of critical heat transfer. Equations are suggested for the calculation of critical heat flux in the pressure range identified above with the vertical position of the straight pipe.__________Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 459–465.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by R. F. Kelbaliev, and M. Z. Iskenderov.     

Pulse-periodic discharge in a plasmachemical ferroelectric packed-bed reactor

A plasmachemical method of cleaning the exhaust gases of Diesel engines from toxic components in a ferroelectric packed-bed reactor is described. Special features of the electric circuit of this plasmachemical system and the energy efficiency of the process of cleaning under the conditions of pulse-periodic input of energy to the discharge are considered.__________Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 174–177, January–February, 2005.     

Mathematical simulation of heat and mass transfer,phase conversions,and shrinkage for optimization of the process of drying of thermolabile materials

A mathematical model and a numerical method for calculation of the processes of heat and mass transfer, phase conversions, and shrinkage in drying of colloidal capillary-porous bodies are presented. The model and method allow one to conduct polyvariant calculation of the fields of temperature, volumetric concentration, and pressure in each of the components of the bound substance. A method of dehydration of thermolabile materials that makes it possible to minimize the time of drying and provide savings of energy and resources is presented.__________Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 74–87, January–February, 2005.     

Critical discharge of a spontaneously evaporating liquid from cylindrical channels

A method is proposed for the calculated determination of the critical pressure in the discharge of a spontaneously evaporating saturated liquid through cylindrical channels. The results of the calculation are compared with experimental data.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 30–33, January, 1977.     

Theoretical study of electron concentration distribution in positive column glow discharge with longitudinal gas stream

A solution is obtained to the system of equations describing the positive column of a glow discharge in a cylindrical channel with a longitudinal gas stream. Expressions are derived for calculating the electron concentration and the electric field intensity.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhur'nal, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 585–589, October, 1982.