线聚焦光学相干层析术的研究

提出了一种高速光学相干层析(OCT)成像技术方案。利用柱面镜的成像特性将传统OCT的点聚焦成像模式改变为线聚焦成像模式,从而降低二维OCT图像的扫描维数,达到提高成像速度的目的。利用ZEMAX光学软件对系统进行光线追迹获得光束经过柱面镜后的聚焦情况。随后采用635nm的激光光源和柱面镜构建了实验系统,实验结果很好地验证了光线追迹仿真结果。     

复谱频域OCT系统高分辨率图像重建

为了提高复杂多层样品层析图像的分辨率,构建了复谱频域光学相干层析成像(CSOCT)系统.由于其在低亮度和高速成像方面相对于时域OCT具有更高的灵敏度,因此在光学相干层析成像系统中具有重要的作用.本文对测试样品二层盖波片进行成像实验,基于光学相干层析基本理论,采用五帧相移算法,最终获得测试样品的复谱频域OCT图像.实验结果表明,该系统可以消除谱频域OCT图像中的寄生项和镜像,改善和提高层析图像的分辨率.     

快速高分辨率的频谱光学相干层析成像系统研究

光学相干层析成像（OCT）是一种用于生物组织成像的新型技术.该技术在非接触及无创成像方面的分辨率可达到微米量级.目前,大多数的OCT系统主要为时域OCT,为获取深度图像,需要对参考臂的光程进行长度扫描,采集速度受到了限制.为此研制了一套频谱OCT系统,由于该系统避免了参考扫描,故可实现极高的采集速度（1 000线/s）,使实时成像成为可能;分析了频谱OCT的理论探测深度（6.26 mm）和分辨率（13μm）;应用该系统对50μm厚的塑料薄膜进行了成像,实验证明实际分辨率高于50 μm.     

光学相干层析技术在眼科手术导航方面的研究进展

在眼科显微手术中,传统的术中成像方式由于缺少深度信息,限制了内部结构和手术器械的可视化。光学相干层析成像技术(OCT)是一种非接触式断层成像技术,由于其能提供深度信息、非侵入、成像快、分辨率高等优点,被广泛应用于眼科手术的术中导航。典型的OCT设备可分为手持OCT和显微镜集成OCT。本文简要介绍了时域OCT和频域OCT的原理和发展,回顾了OCT眼科手术导航设备的发展历程,并对各个类别中有代表性的OCT系统进行了介绍,对其成像原理、性能、优缺点等进行了描述和对比,最后对该技术在眼科手术中的应用做出了总结和展望。     

采用频域快速延迟线的光学相干层析系统的研制

建立了一套单模光纤型光学相干层析(OCT)成像系统。系统采用了不同于国内其他组的新型频域快速扫描延迟线(FD-ODL)和外差平衡接受技术,采取了一系列提高系统信噪比的方法,成功地实现高信噪比(113dB)、高分辨率、大成像深度的层析图像的提取,获得了纵向分辨率9μm、横向分辨率10μm、深度2.88μm的清晰的皮肤OCT图像。该系统比传统的采用时域延迟线的OCT在信噪比上高出了一个量级。     

低频脉冲信号的频域恒虚警检测

为提高低频背景噪声中弱声呐脉冲信号的检测能力,给出了一种频域恒虚警检测方法。该方法针对低频背景噪声平稳性较差、起伏较大的特点,将频域中峰值点或极值点认为是疑似脉冲信号,通过对疑似点能量与历史背景进行比对的方式完成脉冲信号的检测判决,并且给出了相应的检验统计量获取方法、背景噪声估计方法和恒虚警检测门限的计算方法。仿真分析和实际数据处理结果表明,频域恒虚警检测方法对单频脉冲、单频-线性调频组合脉冲等包含窄带成分的弱声呐脉冲信号有非常好的检测性能。     

基于压电扫描管动态特性分析的AFM成像方法研究

针对原子力显微镜(AFM)在高速扫描下成像误差大的缺点,提出了一种基于压电扫描管动态特性的改进成像方法,并对这种成像方法的性能进行了理论分析和实验验证.分析和实验结果表明,该成像方法可以较好地处理压电扫描管的动态特性,有效地提高 AFM 在 Z 方向上的成像精度,因此得到的扫描图像能够更加真实地反映样品的形貌.     

一种基于改进的傅里叶变换的弱故障信号特征提取新方法研究

弱信号特征提取一直是故障诊断领域的难点,文章结合传统傅里叶变换,提出一种将时间序列变换为频域,再从频域转换到时域的复数域,并对该复数域进行幅值计算的方法对弱信号进行特征提取.通过仿真计算发现该方法突出了信号的局部特征信息,不仅能对夹杂在信号中的微弱冲击成分进行较好的再现,而且也能在强背景噪声环境下提取微弱故障信息.最后通过齿轮齿面接触型故障实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种基于改进的傅立叶变换的弱故障信号特征提取新方法研究

弱信号特征提取一直是故障诊断领域的难点,文章结合传统傅立叶变换,提出一种将时间序列变换为频域,再从频域转换到时域的复数域,并对该复数域进行幅值计算的方法对弱信号进行特征提取。通过仿真计算发现该方法突出了信号的局部特征信息,不仅能对夹杂在信号中的微弱冲击成分进行较好的再现,而且也能在强背景噪声环境下提取微弱故障信息。最后通过齿轮齿面接触型故障实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

显微热成像系统行处理迭代超分辨力处理研究

针对已研制光学微扫描显微热成像系统空间分辨力较低的问题,基于改进的频域图像配准技术和改进的行处理迭代超分辨力算法,提出了显微热成像系统光学微扫描改进行处理迭代超分辨力图像处理方法。给出了该方法的原理及步骤,采用不同重构方法针对可见光和红外图像进行了仿真研究,给出了评价参数和结论。利用光学微扫描显微热成像系统采集低分辨力显微热图像序列进行了超分辨力处理实验,实验结果表明本文提出方法的有效性,光学微扫描显微热成像系统的空间分辨力得到提高,可应用于需要显微热分析的场合。该方法还可以应用于其它不可控光学微扫描成像系统中,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Signal-to-noise ratio analysis of all-fiber common-path optical coherence tomography

We present theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a common-path interferometer-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Based on fully integrated all-fiber implementation of a common-path time-domain OCT system, we derived the SNR of the system including the effect of beat noise, which turns out to be twice as large as the excess noise term. We verified the theoretical SNR through a series of experiments, utilizing both controlled phantom and biological samples such as a rat brain with tumor and a frog retina. The results showed that the source power and the reference reflectivity can be easily controlled to optimize the SNR of OCT imaging. We have also analyzed the effect of the fiber delays and the offset in the fiber autocorrelator of the common-path OCT system on the overall SNR.     

Low-noise broadband light generation from optical fibers for use in high-resolution optical coherence tomography

Broadband light generation from a single-mode optical fiber was developed for high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). No noise amplification was observed for light broadened by self-phase modulation. The investigation showed that the intensity noise of light broadened by self-phase modulation in a single-mode optical fiber was much lower than that of continuum light from a microstructure fiber (MSF). The spectral width of a femtosecond input laser pulse was successfully broadened by a factor of 11, and a coherence length of 3.7 microm was achieved with this source. The application of light broadened by a single-mode optical fiber and MSF was compared for use in OCT imaging. The results showed that a single-mode fiber with a small core diameter is a useful way to generate low-noise, broadband light for high-resolution OCT imaging.     

High-resolution coregistered intravascular imaging with integrated ultrasound and optical coherence tomography probe

We report an integrated ultrasound (US) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe and system for intravascular imaging. The dual-function probe is based on a 50 MHz focused ring US transducer, with a centric hole for mounting OCT probe. The coaxial US and light beams are steered by a 45° mirror to enable coregistered US∕OCT imaging simultaneously. Lateral resolution of US is improved due to focused ultrasonic beam. Mirror effects on US were investigated and invitro imaging of a rabbit aorta has been carried out. The combined US-OCT system demonstrated high resolution in visualizing superficial arterial structures while retaining deep penetration of ultrasonic imaging.     

基于频域ICA的语音特征增强*

为了降低卷积噪声对语音特征所产生的影响,提高语音识别正确率,文章提出了一种基于频域ICA（Independent Component Analysis,独立分量分析）的语音特征增强算法。该算法首先使用频域ICA方法作对噪声进行估计,然后在倒谱域内将带噪语音信号的短时谱减去所估计噪声的短时谱,最后根据去噪后语音信号的短时谱计算美尔倒谱系数（MFCC）作为特征参数。在仿真和真实环境下的语音识别实验中,本文所提出的语音特征参数相比较传统的MFCC其识别正确率分别提升了38.2%和35.8%。实验结果表明本文所提算法能够较好地解决卷积噪声环境下训练与识别特征不匹配的问题,有效提高了语音识别系统的识别正确率。     

Imaging of hard- and soft-tissue structure in the oral cavity by optical coherence tomography

We have developed a prototype optical coherence tomography (OCT) system for the imaging of hard and soft tissue in the oral cavity. High-resolution images of in vitro porcine periodontal tissues have been obtained with this system. The images clearly show the enamel-cementum and the gingiva-tooth interfaces, indicating OCT is a potentially useful technique for diagnosis of periodontal diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first application of OCT for imaging biologic hard tissue.     

Dispersion compensation in high-speed optical coherence tomography by acousto-optic modulation

We report studies of the analyses of and compensation for group dispersion to improve the axial resolution of high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) by acousto-optic modulation (AOM). Theoretical modeling and experiments reveal that the high-order group dispersion induced by acousto-optic crystals broadens the measured coherence length (Lc) and thus degrades the axial resolution of OCT imaging. Based on our experimental studies, we can compensate for the dispersion to less than 50% broadening of the source Lc by adjusting the grating-lens-based optical delay in the reference arm and can further eliminate it by inserting like acousto-optic crystals in the sample arm of the OCT system. The results demonstrate that this AOM-mediated OCT system permits high-performance OCT imaging at A-scan rates of as much as 4 kHz by use of a resonant scanner. Because of its ultrastable direct frequency modulation, this AOM-mediated OCT system can potentially improve the performance of high-speed Doppler OCT techniques.     

Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography by adaptive total variation method

An adaptive total variation method based on the combination of speckle statistics and total variation restoration is proposed and developed for reducing speckle noise in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The statistical distribution of the speckle noise in OCT image is investigated and measured. With the measured parameters such as the mean value and variance of the speckle noise, the OCT image is restored by the adaptive total variation restoration method. The adaptive total variation restoration algorithm was applied to the OCT images of a volunteer’s hand skin, which showed effective speckle noise reduction and image quality improvement. For image quality comparison, the commonly used median filtering method was also applied to the same images to reduce the speckle noise. The measured results demonstrate the superior performance of the adaptive total variation restoration method in terms of image signal-to-noise ratio, equivalent number of looks, contrast-to-noise ratio, and mean square error.     

Frequency-domain identification of linear time-invariant systemsunder nonstandard conditions

This paper presents a frequency-domain identification method for parametric transfer function models of linear time invariant systems that takes into account the nonzero initial condition and/or the transient effects in the response of the system when excited by periodic or time-limited signals. The method is useful for systems with large settling times where it takes too much time for the system to reach a steady state so that measurements can begin. In the special case of free decay experiments the presented technique is a frequency-domain version of fitting exponentially damped sinusoids embedded in noise. The theory is illustrated by simulations and a real measurement example