Dielectric, magnetic and electrical properties of ZnFe2O4 ceramics

The polycrystalline sample of ZnFe₂O₄ was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the compound showed the formation of a single-phase compound at room temperature. Studies of dielectric properties (ε_r, tan δ) of the above compound as a function of frequency in a wide temperature range show dielectric anomalies signifying existence of possible ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition in the material. The confirmation of this assumption was made with observation of ferroelectric hysteresis loop at room temperature. Magnetic measurement exhibits anti-ferromagnetic nature of the sample. Studies of the zero-field cooled and the field-cooled magnetization in dc field provided the blocking temperature T_B. The temperature dependence of electrical parameters (impedance, modulus, conductivity, etc.) of the material exhibits a strong correlation between the microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.) and electrical parameters of the material. Detailed studies of impedance parameters have provided an insight into the electrical properties and understanding of types of relaxation process in the material. The temperature variation of dc resistivity/conductivity exhibits negative temperature coefficient of resistance behaviour of the material. The frequency dependence of ac conductivity suggests that the material obeys Jonscher’s universal power law.     

Facile synthesis,morphological, structural,photocatalytic, and optical properties of ZnFe2O4 nanostructures

Spinel ferrite ZnFe₂O₄ nanostructures have been prepared as sunlight responsive photocatalysts via facile co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and optical responses were diligently characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, respectively. FESEM studies revealed nanoparticles and porous-like nanoparticle aggregates, found to be of cubic spinel ZnFe₂O₄ from XRD and Raman studies. Crystallite size varied from 5 to 13.6 nm, whereas band gap changed from 1.89 to 1.95 eV with CTAB concentration variation. ZnFe₂O₄ nanostructures were employed for sunlight-assisted photodegradation of organic pollutants such as MB, MG, and MO dyes in water. The synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticle aggregates with porous-like morphology with crystallite size of 9.2 nm showed superior photocatalytic response and decomposed 80.4% of MB dye in only 40 min. The superiority of the porous-like ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticle aggregates was mainly ascribed to its optimal crystallite size, narrower band gap, and improved sunlight utilization efficiency. A plausible mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of dye supported by scavenger studies has also been proposed. The synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanostructures have easy magnetic recycling property along with excellent photocatalytic capability and hold potential for the treatment of contaminated water.

     

Structural,morphological and magnetic properties of hydrothermally synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized by a surfactant assisted hydrothermal method using different concentrations of ethylamine (EA) namely, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ml. The powder X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the amount of EA plays an important role in the formation of single phase ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. The amount of 2 and 4 ml of EA yielded mixed phases of α-Fe₂O₃ and ZnFe₂O₄ whereas 6 ml of EA produced well crystalline and single phase ZnFe₂O₄ with regular spinel structures. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that ZnFe₂O₄ possess spherical shape, irrespective of the concentrations of EA. Magnetic characterizations revealed that the synthesized samples with EA concentrations 6, 8, 10 ml were superparamagnetic in nature at room temperature.     

Electrospun ZnFe2O4/Al: ZnFe2O4 nanofibers for degradation of RhB via visible light photocatalysis and photo-Fenton processes

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Pure zinc ferrite, ZnFe2O4 and aluminum-doped zinc ferrite, Al: ZnFe2O4 (0.5% Al) nanofibers were prepared by the combination of...     

Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline CoFe2O4/ZnFe2O4 Bilayers

Nanocrystalline spinel CoFe₂O₄/ZnFe₂O₄ bilayers were deposited by the pulsed laser deposition technique on amorphous fused quartz substrate at different substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 750?°C. The magnetic properties of the bilayers and of the single layer films deposited in identical conditions were studied at 300?K and at 10?K. Magnetic properties of the bilayers, in general, were found to be in between the individual values of the single layers. Magnetic measurements at 10?K clearly showed a two stepped magnetic hysteresis loop corresponding to the switching of the magnetic moments of the soft ZnFe₂O₄ and the hard CoFe₂O₄ layers. A study was also carried out by changing the thickness of ZnFe₂O₄ layer in the bilayer. This study showed that the magnetic properties of the bilayers even at room temperature can be controlled to some extent by changing the thickness of the soft ZnFe₂O₄ layer while maintaining a low substrate temperature of 350?°C.     

Mechanical properties and indentation-induced damage of high-quality ZnO microwires

In this paper, we aim to discover the mechanics-related novel phenomena on high-quality ZnO microwires through nanoindentation method. The mechanical property parameters of ZnO microwires were determined and a distinctive creep damage phenomenon was revealed. By using the cycles load mode in the nanoindentation experiments, the indentation size effect was demonstrated to exist in the ZnO microwires: the elastic modulus ranged from 65.9 GPa to 12.3 GPa and the hardness changed from 11.1 GPa to 1.8 GPa with the increase of indentation depth. Furthermore, the indentation-induced mechanical and electrical damage caused a permanent plastic deformation and an increase of 41% in the longitudinal conductance of the ZnO microwires.     

Formation of tetrapod ZnO nanowhiskers and its optical properties

Nanopowder containing ZnO nanowhiskers and nanoparticles was synthesized by the oxidation of Zn vapor, at temperatures from 1050 to 1450 °C in a flow of Ar and O₂ gas mixture. The morphology and structure of the nanowhiskers were dependent on the synthesis parameters such as evaporation temperature and the gas pressure. The nanowhiskers formed had a tetrapod shape with needle-like feet that become shorter and fatter on increasing temperature under a certain pressure range. The amount of Zn phase inside the nanowhiskers increased with increasing temperature. The Zn phase melted at temperature of 420 °C, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanopowders showed strong sintering activity after they were pressed. The far infrared light was intensely absorbed by the ZnO tetrapod nanowhiskers.     

Free-standing In2O3(ZnO)m superlattice microplates grown by optical vapor supersaturated precipitation

Here, we fabricated In₂O₃(ZnO)_m (IZO) superlattice microplates with hexagon morphologies by the substrate-free optical vapor supersaturated precipitation. The IZO microplates possessed a superlattice structure with a large m number, i.e., m?=?23, consisting of layered alternating stacks of octahedral InO₂^? as inversion boundaries and layered InZn_mO_m+1⁺ as a zig-zag modulated pattern. The Raman peak at 613 cm^?1 confirmed the superlattice of the IZO microplates. The broad asymmetric excitonic photoluminescence (PL) emission with the photon energy of 3.236 eV indicated the heavy doping of indium in the IZO, resulting a redshift of?~?32 meV from the near-band-edge emission. The unusual negative thermal quenching of PL intensity was also observed. Moreover, the anisotropic electrical properties of the IZO superlattice microplates were manifested, for the first time, where the in-plane conductivity was two orders of magnitude higher than out-plane one. The present work provided new insight into the free-standing IZO superlattice microdevices for future optoelectronic applications.

     

ZnFe2O4-Fe3O4 und yig als magnetische dielektrika

The magnetic and electric fields found in zinc ferrite and yttrium iron garnet have been studied with the aid of electron diffraction. In these magnetic dielectrics, the magnetic field strength in e.m.u. proved to be comparable with the electric one in e.s.u.; i.e., both the values were estimated to be about 100. The wavelength of microwave to be absorbed by the materials concerned was evaluated to be about 1 mm in terms of the LC model.     

Fabrication of magnetic ZnO/ZnFe2O4/diatomite composites: improved photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The magnetic recoverable ZnO/ZnFe2O4/diatomite (ZZFDT) composite was synthesized by hydrothermal-precipitation method. The structure,...     

共沉淀法合成ZnFe_2O_4纳米颗粒及其电磁性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备出尖晶石型ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和矢量网络分析仪分析样品的表面形貌、晶体结构、化学成分、磁化性能和电磁性能。研究结果表明,前驱体混合物的焙烧温度为500℃时得到ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒,尺寸在14~17nm范围内,粒度分布均匀,为单晶立方结构;当焙烧温度为500~800℃时,样品表现出亚铁磁性,随着焙烧温度升高,颗粒尺寸增大,离子的倒反系数减小,饱和磁化强度降低;所选样品在2~18GHz频率范围内多次出现损耗峰,介质在松弛极化和色散过程中,将电场能转化为热能而耗散掉,从而获得良好的电磁性能。所用方法工艺简单,设备成本低。     

单分散纳米锌铁氧体的制备及其磁性能EI北大核心CSCD

以乙酰丙酮铁和乙酰丙酮锌为前驱体,三乙二醇为溶剂,采用多元醇法制备了单分散的ZnFe_2O_4纳米颗粒。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等对样品的结构、形貌和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明:所制备的ZnFe_2O_4纳米颗粒分散性较好,尺寸均一,平均粒径为5.6nm;在室温下产物的饱和磁化强度为18.10A·m^2/kg,剩磁较小,矫顽力为9355A/m,表现出亚铁磁性;50mg和100mg的样品分别与lmL水形成的悬浮液,在交变磁场中升温分别可达到22℃和30℃,表现出一定的磁热性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnFe2O4纳米薄膜及其光电催化性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶工艺在导电玻璃上制备出纳米ZnFe2O4薄膜,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对膜的粒径、物相进行了表征,对不同层数的薄膜进行了光电催化性能测试.薄膜对甲基橙溶液的降解结果表明:随着ZnFe2O4薄膜层数的增多,对甲基橙的降解率先增大后减小,且以3层的ZnFe2O4膜片效果最好.当外加正向偏压时,薄膜的光催化性能有一定提高,且随着偏压增大而呈波动性增强.同时,薄膜与极板间的距离对薄膜的光电催化活性也有较大影响.     

高可见光活性磁性催化剂ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4/石墨烯的制备与表征

以硝酸锌和硫酸亚铁为原料,采用水热法一步合成了ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4纳米颗粒,再通过水合肼还原氧化石墨烯合成了ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4/石墨烯磁性催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等仪器对催化剂的结构进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝作为目标降解物,考察了不同石墨烯掺量的磁性催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。结果表明,当石墨烯掺量为3%时,磁性催化剂的活性最优,可见光照射60min后亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率高达98%。磁性催化剂稳定性良好,且由于ZnFe_2O_4的存在,磁性催化剂可通过外部磁场进行回收。     

纳米Zn/Fe_3O_4水解制备纳米ZnFe_2O_4

用干法室温振动研磨方法制备纳米Zn粉,化学沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4,纳米Zn和Fe3O4水解制备纳米ZnFe2O4。TEM和XRD检测显示经11h研磨的Zn粉粒度分布在10～20nm之间,纳米Fe3O4的粒度分布在20nm左右,水解产物纳米ZnFe2O4,形貌为方形片状,粒子尺度约为20nm。研究结果表明纳米Zn/Fe3O4摩尔比为1.5∶1,反应温度为300℃是最佳反应条件,可见用振动研磨方法制备的纳米Zn颗粒具有优良的性能,能使化学反应在较低温度下快速完成,且制备方法简单易行,便于批量化生产。     

铁酸锌纳米晶体的制备及表面光伏特性研究

采用偶合的共沉淀法和水热法相结合的方法,制备出ZnFe2O4纳米晶体,并利用DRS、XRD、FTIR、TEM等技术对其结构和谱学特性进行了研究,并在其基础上利用表面光电压谱(SPS)深入探讨了所制样品的表面光伏特性,研究表明样品具有较窄的禁带宽度,晶型为正尖晶石型结构,大小均匀(7nm),无团聚,表面光伏特性研究显示ZnFe2O4纳米晶体具有明显的表面和量子限域效应,有一定的捕获电子能力,在外加电场下光伏响应变化明显,在正电场下有一个最佳响应值,而当负电场达到一定值时,外电场的光伏响应将占据主导地位.     

尖晶石结构Ni掺杂ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒的性能表征

利用水热法成功合成了纯ZnFe2O4和不同含量Ni掺杂Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能量色散分析(XEDS)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试技术研究掺杂浓度对Zn1-xNixFe2O4(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5)样品的晶体结构、形貌、光学性能和磁学性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米颗粒结晶良好,Ni2+以替代Zn2+的形式掺杂到ZnFe2O4晶格中,生成立方尖晶石结构ZnFe2O4。随着Ni含量的增加,晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数发生收缩。样品的形貌呈不规则的椭球形,且颗粒大小比较均匀。红外光谱的吸收峰位置并没有随Ni掺杂浓度的增加而变化。Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米晶的光学带隙随Ni掺杂浓度增加而增大,与相应块体相比发生蓝移。在室温下,纯ZnFe2O4纳米晶呈现超顺磁性,掺杂样品具有明显的铁磁性。     

Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4/C复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

本文以葡萄糖作为碳源,采用溶剂热法进行原位碳包覆合成了Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4/C材料,研究了材料的结构及电化学性能。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、循环伏安扫描(CV)和恒流充放电技术对材料结构及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,采用此法合成的Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4/C复合材料呈现多孔结构,粒径约为250nm,经历40次循环后材料的可逆容量依然能保持在645.7mAh/g,较未包覆碳材料的电极提高了19.0%,其可逆容量和循环稳定性能得到了显著提升。     

纳米ZnFe2O4气敏材料的结构和敏感特性研究

ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４是传统的铁氧体材料,近年来又发现具有良好的气敏性能．本文采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米尺寸的ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４粉末,利用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＳＥＭ等手段研究了结构特性．以ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４纳米粉末为原料制备了厚膜气敏元件,测试了元件的气敏性能,并对气敏机理给予了解释．