装料速度对定量包装秤准确度的影响

重力式自动装料衡器(以下简称"定量包装秤")主要由称重模块、称重显示器、给料结构等组成。按照动态称重过程中物料供给的结构方式,又分为重力式定量包装秤、螺旋给料包装秤、振动给料包装秤、皮带输送给料包装秤等。本文以重力式定量包装秤为例,探讨装料速度对其称量准确度的影响。     

在动态称重中应用基于声卡的数据采集系统

针对定量包装对精度和速度的要求,建立了混合式动态定量称重系统;构建了基于声卡的数据采集系统,介绍了系统软硬件结构,并将数据采集系统应用于动态称重中,实验证明了该方法的可行性.     

钎焊环定量称重系统的飞料自校正补偿方法的研究

通过对称重系统下料系统方案的设计,采用粗、中、细3级给料的方式,以尽可能减少给料控制过程中,飞料对系统最终称量精度产生的影响。在中给料环节,采用自校正算法对提前量进行实时的校正,使实际计量值和设定值接近,进一步减小飞料对系统精度的影响,保证细给料环节有一个较小的给料量,解决了系统的称重精度和速度之间的矛盾。     

混合式动态称重数据处理研究

针对定量包装高速度和准确度的要求,建立了动态称重实验系统,针对新型混合式定量动态称重的特点,采用滑动数据滤波方法,提高称重的快速性和准确性.试验数据的分析表明滑动数据滤波方法在混合式定量动态称重中应用是有效可行的,可以使称重准确、高效.     

定量下料问题的动态称重解决方案

本文针对定量下料问题提出了利用动态称重方法的解决方案。文中具体分析了定量下料问题，建立了它的数学模型和参数辨识模型，然后提出利用下料速度积分得到下料质量的方法。文中推导了下料速度的计算公式，提出了利用双曲Ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｅｒ限定记忆最小二乘法的计算方法。进行了样机设计和实验，实验结果表明该解决方法是可行的。     

皮带输送机固体物料称重给料系统设计初探

本文主要阐述了变频器在皮带称重系统中的应用,本系统利用称重仪表6150B对变频器的控制,从而达到皮带输送机恒量给料。     

定量包装秤的调试方法

近期，在国家粮食局组织的国家直属粮食储备库设备的招标中，许多单位都订购了定量包装秤，它的性能好坏和使用的熟练程度直接影响到国家粮食储备库的经济效益。在这种背景下，熟练掌握必要的调试知识对于粮食储备库来说是十分迫切和必要的。一、基本工作原理及结构当定量包装秤进入自动运行状态后，控制系统打开给料门开始加料，该给料装置为快、慢两级给料方式；当物料重量达到快给料设定值时，停止快给料，保持慢给料；当物料重量达到最终设定值时，关闭给料门，完成称重过程；此时系统检测夹袋装置是否处于预定状态，当包装袋已夹紧后，…     

动态轨道衡称重模型建立与分析

利用ADAMS软件建立动态轨道衡称重系统模型,并通过实际测量来验证其可靠性,使软件仿真取代动态称重现场数据采集,降低测量劳动强度.首先根据实际的轨垫式轨道衡的称重结构原理建立模型,利用单一变量法改变质量或者速度,进行仿真称重过程,从而得到在不同的负载、不同速度下的仿真称重数据.然后再利用动态轨道衡实测相应数据,与软件仿真结果比较分析.结果表明,当车辆速度在20km/h以内,模型仿真结果与实际实验结果吻合,验证了动态轨道衡称重模型的可靠性,可用软件仿真取代动态称重现场数据采集工作,为动态轨道称重补偿研究奠定理论基础.     

提高称重精确度的方法

１概述在动态称重中，由于受物料振动和冲击的影响，给称重带来较大的误差，如何将这种影响因素消除，以获得较高的精确度，便是动态称重需要解决的首要问题。目前采取的方法有：①在机械承载部分采取措施，增加减振弹簧或缓冲器；②在检测电路上增加滤波电路，如ＲＣ滤波...     

车辆动态称重的速度补偿研究

研究了速度对车辆动态称重准确度的影响,并对车辆载重受力进行分析,导出速度与车辆轴重的数学表达式,利用机械动力学分析系统构建了动态称重有限元模型仿真称重过程,并对速度影响进行补偿。结果表明,基于机械动力学分析系统的有限元动态称重速度补偿模型正确可靠,20t载重汽车在8.33m/s情况下最大补偿量达到10%,大大提高了动态称重准确度。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...