中国太阳能发电即将普及应用

国内首座普及型光伏电站将在江苏如东洋口港开建,该项目建设成本和发电成本只有多晶硅电池的40％左右。目前,在国外建设1MW光伏电站需要投资800万美元,国内运用晶体硅电池建设的1MW光伏电站示范项目投资额达6500万元人民币,而这座1MW并网电站成本仅为2800万元。此举标志着我国太阳能光伏发电进入实质性普及新阶段。     

中国光伏发电平价上网分析

随着光伏电站投资成本与度电成本的不断下降,光伏发电成本已逐步逼近燃煤发电成本。针对不同太阳能资源状况、不同光伏电站投资成本水平下的光伏发电最低上网电价,以及我国不同地区光伏发电平价上网的可能性进行了测算分析,得出以下结论:在我国,若不考虑"弃光"问题,太阳能资源丰富、燃煤标杆上网电价高的地区可以实现光伏发电平价上网,甚至可以实现光伏发电上网电价低于燃煤标杆上网电价;太阳能资源丰富、燃煤标杆上网电价低的地区,或太阳能资源差、燃煤标杆上网电价高的地区,在控制好光伏电站投资成本的前提下,有希望实现光伏发电平价上网;而太阳能资源差、燃煤标杆上网电价低的地区,要实现光伏发电平价上网则较为困难。期望该研究结果可为相关政策的制定及项目决策提供依据。     

清洁能源资讯

201 1年底青海光伏并网发电容量将突破1 000 MW在国家出台统一的光伏发电上网电价之后,青海省大型太阳能光伏电站建设进展迅速。至2011年年底前光伏并网发电容量将突破1 000 MW,成为我国太阳能建设规模和并网发电量最大的地区。国家发改委2011年8月1日公布了中国太阳能光伏发电标杆上网电价,即每度1.15元的"全国统一价格",规定2011     

西藏建成我国最大太阳能电站

据《杭州日报》1998年12月15日报道，世界海拔最高、中国装机容量最大的太阳能发电工程──西藏安多县光伏电站，于1998年12月在藏北草原建成发电。由国家投资1700万元修建的安多光伏电站，总装机容量100kw。这一电站的正式发电，使安多县摘掉了“无电县”帽子。西藏安多县海拔4800m，空气稀薄，太阳辐射强，年日照时间长达2847h，太阳能资源十分丰富。截止1998年12月，西藏已建成三座光伏电站，并有望在2000年之前全部解决无电县的电站建设问题。西藏建成我国最大太阳能电站     

国家发改委发布《关于完善光伏发电价格政策通知》征求意见稿

近日,国家发改委向部分政府机构、相关光伏发电企业下发《关于完善光伏发电价格政策通知》的意见稿(以下简称《意见稿》),对下一步光伏发电上网电价提出了新的实施方案。与以往全国除西藏地区外统一上网电价的政策不同,新的《意见稿》根据各地太阳能资源状况和工程建设条件,将全国分为四类太阳能资源区,制定了相应的标杆上网电价。光伏电站标杆上网电价高出当地     

贮压式钢制沼气罐

由国家和新疆维吾尔自治区共同投资3000万元建设的光电工程,为和田地区数万无电群众解决了用电问题。在国家的支持下,自治区政府在居民相对集中的乡村建起了15座太阳能电站,还为居住偏僻分散的群众安装了光伏系统。居民们可以利用光伏电站或系统提供的电力照明、看电视,还可以利用水泵抽取地下水。利用光伏解决群众用电问题@兹迅     

利用高铁站房发展分布式光伏发电及案例分析

宽敞先进的高铁车站近几年成为途径城市的新地标,同时也是建设分布式光伏电站的理想场所。相关数据显示,截止2015年12月,建筑面积超过10万m~2的高铁火车站有20多座,可建设超过200 MW的光伏发电容量。文中分析高铁站房发展分布式光伏发电应用的特点,并以南宁火车东站投资建设分布式光伏电站项目进行可行性分析。     

青海太阳能光伏电站项目调查

与眼下全球光伏市场一片黯然的背景相比,青海光伏无疑是浓墨重彩的一笔.在"930"计划如火如条实施中,青海光伏产业的迅速聚集创造了"五个世界之最":世界上太阳能光伏装机最集中的地区、世界上最大的在建光伏电站、世界上同一地区短期内最大光伏发电安装量、世界上规模最大的在建光伏并网系统工程、世界范围内首度即将实现千兆瓦级光伏电站并网.目前,青海已核准光伏发电项目44个,容量1010MW.其中,已建成国电格尔木20MW、国投格尔木20MW、中广核一期20MW等5个项目,已并网发电容量130MW,完成投资70亿元.正在建设的黄河上游水电开发有限公司格尔木200MW、中广核锡铁山60MW、国投格尔木二期30MW等39个项目,容量940MW.到今年年底,核准的1010MW容量将全部并网发电,预计将累计完成投资170亿元.     

能源信息

甘肃敦煌市将建大型太阳能光伏发电项目日前,甘肃省敦煌市召开了100 MW太阳能并网光伏发电项目筹建会,就建设100 MW太阳能光伏发电项目与项目建设方中濠新能源投资(北京)有限公司负责人进行了座谈,双方就建设兆瓦级太阳能并网光伏发电项目达成共识并签署了投资意向书。该项目建成后,将成为世界上最大的光伏发电项目。该项目总投资60.27亿元人民币,全部投资由中濠新能源投资(北京)有限公司投入,计划五年内完成。     

晶体硅光伏组件的检测

我国有丰富的太阳能资源，太阳能光伏发电已不再仅仅用于小功率电源系统，而且广泛用于通信、交通、石油、农村电气化、民用产品等各个领域。1998年我国生产的太阳能光伏发电系统的主要部件——光伏组件产量只有2MW。左右，仅相当于世界总产量的1．3％，到2002年产量已达到100MW。左右，截至到2003年底在我国使用光伏组件装机的太阳能电站达到55MWp。保证太阳能光伏发电系统的质量不仅取决于系统的设计，还取决于构成系统各部件产品的质量。光伏组件作为太阳能光伏发电系统的主要部件，其产品的质量就显得尤为重要。为保证该产品的质量，国家制定了相关的检测标准．本文就光伏组件产品质量的检测作一介绍．     

我国应适当提高煤电的比重

我国2005年电源投资3228亿元,其中火电投资2270.6亿元,占70.3％;非化石电源投资957.4亿元,占29.7％.2010年我国电源投资3641亿元,其中火电投资1311亿元,占36％;非化石电源投资2330亿元,占64％.“十一五”期间,我国火电新增装机容量锐减,非化石电源新增装机容量剧增,而每年新增发电量则逐年减少.我国2006年火电新增装机容量9287×104kW,到2010年新增火电装机容量降为5872×104kW;我国2006年非化石电源新增装机容量1216×104kW,到2010年非化石电源新增装机容量上升到3256×104kW.每年新增装机容量可增加的年发量,2006年估计为5400×108kW·h,到2010年已降为4000×108kW·h左右.2010年我国电源投资中仅占36％的火电,却提供了64％的新增装机容量,而占64％的非化石电源只提供了约36％的新增装机容量,如果按新增发电量计,则火电机组提供的发电量比例更高.按中国电力企业联合会的规则,“十二五”期间我国非化石电源比例进一步增加,火电增幅继续下降.按火电机组等效容量计,2010～2015年年均增长率仅为8％,低于同期国内年均用电量增长率8.5％.鉴于我国的资源禀赋条件和“十一五”、“十二五“电源构成的变化趋势及其后果,建议我国应适应增加煤电的比重.     

浅析光伏发电投资效益的影响因素

通过对目前国内外光伏产业发展现状和趋势的叙述,分析了现阶段投资环境下装机成本、年峰值日照小时数、贷款情况及运营维护成本对光伏发电项目投资效益的影响。     

Optimization of an atmospheric air volumetric central receiver system: Impact of solar multiple,storage capacity and control strategy

Portugal has a high potential for concentrated solar power and namely for atmospheric air volumetric central receiver systems (CRS). The solar multiple and storage capacity have a significant impact on the power plant levelized electricity cost (LEC) and their optimization and adequate control strategy can save significant capital for the investors. The optimized proposed volumetric central receiver system showed good performance and economical indicators.For Faro conditions, the best 4 MW_e power plant configuration was obtained for a 1.25 solar multiple and a 2 h storage. Applying control strategy #1 (CS#1) the power plant LEC is 0.234 €/kWh with a capital investment (CAPEX) of € 22.3 million. The capital invested has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 9.8%, with a payback time of 14 years and a net present value (NPV) of € 7.9 million (considering an average annual inflation of 4%). In the case of better economical indicators, the power plant investment can have positive contours, with an NPV close to € 13 million (annual average inflation of 2%) and the payback shortened to 13 years.     

Material and energy requirements of solar hydrogen plants

The material and energy requirements for the construction of a hypothetical photovoltaic solar hydrogen plant have been determined. The plant is located in northern Africa and produces electrolytic hydrogen with an energy content equal to 4% of today's final energy consumption of the F.R.G. It turns out that present raw material and economic resources are sufficient to satisfy the total as well as the annual demand for materials. This is true also if several such plants are constructed. The energy payback time will be about two years. The results are compared with the material and energy requirements of solar thermal power generation. Implications with regard to future research activities are discussed.     

Optimal feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaic power generation in China: A real options analysis

The feed-in tariff policy is widely used to promote the development of renewable energy. China also adopts feed-in tariff policy to attract greater investment in solar photovoltaic power generation. This study employs real options method to assess the optimal levels of feed-in tariffs in 30 provinces of China. The uncertainties in CO₂ price and investment cost are considered. A method that integrates the backward dynamic programming algorithm and Least-Squares Monte Carlo method is used to solve the model. The results demonstrate that the feed-in tariffs of 30 provinces range from 0.68 RMB/kWh to 1.71 RMB/kWh, and the average level is 1.01 RMB/kWh. On this basis, we find that the levels of sub-regional feed-in tariff announced in 2013 are no longer appropriate and should be adjusted as soon as possible. We have also identified the implications of technological progress and carbon emission trading schemes, as well as the importance of strengthening electricity transmission. It has been suggested that the Chinese government takes diverse measures, including increasing research and development investment, establishing and improving a nationwide carbon emission trading scheme and accelerating the construction of electricity-transmission infrastructure, to reduce the required feed-in tariff and promote the development of solar photovoltaic power generation.     

Investment appraisal of a small, grid-connected photovoltaic plant under the Serbian feed-in tariff framework

Serbian government has recently introduced the system of feed-in tariffs for electricity generated from renewable sources. The proposed feed-in tariff for photovoltaic electricity is set to 0.23 €/kWh paid for 12 years, with the PV electricity produced after the first 12 years being sold at the grid electricity market price for the rest of the plant lifetime. Although such FIT could have been justified by the small, average retail grid electricity price of just 0.054 €/kWh for Serbian households, the investment appraisal of a real case of 2.82 kWp PV power plant in two Serbian cities of Zlatibor and Negotin, clearly illustrates that the proposed FIT framework is not sufficient to attract investments into PV in Serbia. In the second part of the paper, we have analyzed alternative, more reasonable feed-in tarrif frameworks, with the goal of selecting those able to sustain the PV adoption and diffusion in Serbia.     

垃圾焚烧热电联产蒸汽参数选择

针对垃圾焚烧热电联产时,采用中温中压及中温次高压蒸汽参数对全厂投资及经济性的影响进行研究。以日处理规模为600 t·d^-1的生活垃圾焚烧设施作为研究对象,从主机设备参数、主机设备投资额、经济指标、营业收入及投资回收期等5个方面进行分析。研究结果表明,采用中温次高压参数时,垃圾焚烧设施热电联产全厂热效率较采用中温中压参数时提高1.7%,热电联产时全年总收入较采用中温中压参数时提高11.5%,且经济性更好,静态投资回收期约为4.73年。     

Replacement of fossil fuels by hydrogen

Up to the end of the century, an export business for photovoltaic solar power stations with an accumulated total power of more than 300 gigawatts could be build up. The profit from the export of these solar-electrical power stations could finance the, at that time, accumulated total costs for the project of $200 billion(US). Included in this financial investment would also be the construction of so-called solar plantation families. After the year 2000, a total of 10 plantation families (each with 10 family members) situated in suitable deserted zones of the world would be capable of reproducing themselves. With this aim, each plantation would use its output of electrical energy to produce solar cells and materials for the construction of 10 new plantations within a decade. This highly technological growth process for identical solar plantation units could be completed in the fourth generation of each plantation family, i.e. about 50 years after the start of construction of the first plantation. From this time on, all 10 plantation families could together, by using their electrical energy for the electrolysis of water, generate an amount of hydrogen per year which would represent four to five times the energy of the world's present annual consumption of oil.     

若干天然气联合循环电站实例的经济性

通过若干工程实例的建设规模、投资估算和技术经济分析,阐明天然气联合循环电站的投资较小,建设工期短;但由于天然气价格相对较高,导致发电成本较高,盈利能力偏低,并得出天然气发电仍然需要政府适当扶持的结论。文章还从天然气资源、天然气发电设备等多方面对天然气电站建设的可行性及存在问题进行讨论,提出供气保障及安全问题并提出相应的解决办法。     

我国发展智能电网初探

智能电网对推动社会经济发展具有战略意义。我国发展的是坚强智能电网,具有坚强可靠、经济高效、清洁环保、透明开放、友好互动的特点。建设智能电网具有良好的社会效益和经济效益,可以调整我国区域能源不平衡的问题,为我国能源结构调整提供支持,促进各种电网相关技术全面升级,加速产业结构调整,实现对化石能源的替代。同时可以降低电网企业的运营及建设成本,减少发电装机投资和发电环节运营成本。坚强智能电网所使用的特高压输电具有远距离、大容量和低损耗的优势。预计到2020年,建设运行智能电网实现的节能量相当于减少社会能源投入约1392亿元,并可实现减排二氧化碳约13.8×108t。我国已在与智能电网发展相关的清洁能源技术、电网储能技术、输配电技术、用电技术、信息通信技术及标准与规范等方面取得了一定的技术成果,但仍面临许多问题。需要政府在重大科技项目立项、电网项目核准、电价、资金政策和标准制定方面给予支持;并应尽快启动智能电网框架设计,建立完善标准规范体系;政府应根据电力市场的垄断状况,制定出适合我国智能电网发展的投资及控股制度。