CEFR组件替换反应性价值试验测量与计算分析

组件替换反应性价值定义为测量位置组件替换成相应组件时引入的反应性变化。中国实验快堆物理启动试验中组件替换反应性价值测量试验方案中,试验测量了8个典型位置,其中6个位置为燃料组件替换成不锈钢组件,另外两个为不锈钢组件替换成燃料组件。测量结果显示,燃料组件替换反应性价值由内至外依次减少,内圈燃料组件替换反应性价值约-980 pcm,外圈燃料组件替换反应性价值约-470 pcm,补偿棒棒组测量和单根补偿棒测量的结果差别微小。使用CITATION程序对试验方案进行了理论计算,结果表明,计算结果与实验值符合良好,检验了CITATION程序的工程设计实用性。     

大型MOX燃料快堆钠空泡反应性微扰理论研究

钠空泡反应性效应是钠冷快堆核设计和安全分析的重要内容。本文基于多群节块扩散法,采用微扰理论推导出钠空泡反应性的计算方法,对1 000 MWe钠冷快堆MOX燃料堆芯的总钠空泡反应性、空间分布、物理分项进行了计算。结果表明,钠空泡反应性主要来源于中子泄漏的增加和能谱的硬化,两者一正一负,且空间分布规律相反,导致钠空泡反应性具有强烈的空间依赖性;对于所计算的MOX燃料堆芯钠空泡反应性高达3 $左右。计算和分析结果阐明了钠空泡反应性的产生机理和分布规律,可为低钠空泡的设计提供参考。     

中国实验快堆反应性温度系数理论分析和试验研究

利用CITATION程序对中国实验快堆（CEFR）反应性温度系数进行计算,同时与其他程序计算结果和实验测量值进行比较。CEFR反应性温度系数约为-4 pcm/℃,计算结果与实验值吻合较好。升温和降温过程的反应性温度系数测量误差约为11%,满足试验验收准则。测量结果可校核理论计算结果,同时为CEFR的安全运行和在换料情况下的反应性平衡分析提供参考数据。     

钠冷快堆中喷雾钠火的计算分析

根据钠冷快堆中喷雾钠火的特点建立了理论模型，编制了SSPRAY程序。该程序模拟钠喷雾燃料过程中钠滴的运动、钠和氧气的燃烧反应、热量传递和质量传递等瞬态过程。用该程序计算了气体和墙壁温度、气体压力、氧气摩尔份额、喷雾流燃烧速率和热量热递速率等主要参数。利用AI实验数据和美国SPRAY－3A的计算结果对程序进行了验证，结果符合较好。     

Analysis on Sodium Void Reactivity Worth of CEFR

It is prepared to do playslcal start-up of CEFR several years late. In order to verity the satety teatures of CEFR＇s core design, the sodium void reactivity worth（SVRW） is necessary to be measured at the stage of physical start-up. This experiment plans to take the test fuel assembly with two heads sealed instead of fuel assembly at the measured location and measure the reactivity worth of capacity formed by the sealed test assembly.     

钠冷快堆反应性意外引入事故时停堆保护研究

在反应堆系统中,当反应堆处于异常工况时,如果运行参数超出保护限值,则由保护系统触发相关保护动作,以保证反应堆的状态符合事故验收准则的要求。本文将通过Simulink建立钠冷快堆主要系统模型,在发生反应性意外引入事故时,借鉴快堆事故分析中预期瞬态无停堆保护（ATWS）的分析方法,基于相应保护参数的测量误差和数据处理过程对反应堆一回路的保护参数及其整定值进行研究,并确保钠冷快堆的状态在整个反应性引入事故过程中符合钠冷快堆的事故验收准则。仿真结果表明,当发生补偿棒失控提升5 s和10 s时,目前的堆芯出口钠温、功率、功率流量比等保护参数的整定值、信号测量延迟及落棒时间可取其他值。当补偿棒失控提升15 s时,只要保证保护参数整定值、相应参数的信号测量延迟及落棒时间能使反应堆在36.45 s前进入深度次临界都是可以的。     

18 CEFR物理启动温度反应性系数测量试验方法

CEFR在首次临界试验完成后，由净堆临界装载向运行装载冷态过渡。完成一系列物理试验后，在提升功率之前，逐渐向运行装载热备用态过渡（此时，反应堆的功率仍为零）。这时，反应堆的介质温度从250℃上升到360℃。由于堆芯材料温度和钠冷剂温度的变化引起了钠密度、燃料组件尺寸、钢反射层组件尺寸变化、Doppler效应以及栅板联箱径向膨胀导致堆芯径向尺寸改变的效应，使得堆的反应性发生改变。CEFR物理启动温度反应性系数测量试验就是测量CEFR从250℃等温加热到360℃时由于温度的变化所引起的反应性变化。     

钠冷快堆中池式钠火的计算分析

文章论述了根据池式钠火的特点建立了理论模型 ,编制了SPOOL程序。该程序模拟钠燃烧过程中钠和氧气的化学反应 ,钠燃烧热在各种介质中不同方式的传递 ,钠气溶胶的产生、沉积 ,以及在各种通风条件下多种介质的质量和能量交换等瞬态过程 ,描述了钠燃烧过程中各种特征参数随时间的变化。其主要的计算参数包括房间内气体的压力和温度、房间建筑结构的温度、钠气溶胶质量浓度等等。用俄罗斯别洛雅尔斯克核电站实验和法国卡桑德拉 3号实验的数据 ,对SPOOL程序进行验证的结果表明 ,该程序的计算结果可信。该程序为国内钠冷快堆中池式钠火事故的安全分析提供了分析方法     

Studies on Influence of Sodium Void Reactivity Effect on the Concept of the Core and Safety of Advanced Fast Reactor

The paper is devoted to studies on the influence of the sodium void reactivity effect (SVRE) on the safety and technical and economical characteristics of the BN-1200-type reactor. Different core options are considered for application to this reactor. These core options differ in design, dimensions, and, hence, SVRE value. It is shown by the analysis that the most flattened core with sodium plenum at the top assures reactor self-protection under beyond-design-basis accident conditions. Sodium plenum abandonment and core height increase causing an SVRE value increase deteriorate reactor self-protection, but at the same time, improve some technical and economical characteristics of the reactor. Self-protection means the possibility to avoid rapid core meltdown under conditions of the above-listed beyond-design accidents. The possibility of controlling beyond-design accidents (for instance, by restoring the power supply of the main pumps in a rather short time) is taken into account. Issues of choosing the optimal core design under these conditions are discussed.     

Sodium Void Reactivity Worth Calculations for Fast Critical Assemblies without Whole-Lattice Homogenization

In the present paper, we calculate the sodium void reactivity worth of fast critical assemblies without whole-lattice homogenization in order to reduce errors associated with lattice homogenization. Firstly, we solve a neutron transport benchmark problem simulating fast critical assemblies composed of thin material plates with a discrete ordinates transport solver. The discrete ordinates transport solutions agree well with the Monte Carlo reference solutions; hence, we confirm the validity of the deterministic transport calculations for the sodium void reactivity worth of lattice-heterogeneous critical assemblies. Thereafter, the existing experimental data are calculated without whole-lattice homogenization. The result suggests that the lattice homogenization results in the overestimation of the leakage component of sodium void reactivity worth when the leakage component parallel to plate boundaries is dominant. Utilizing the numerical method without whole-lattice homogenization and the nuclear data JENDL-3.3, numerical solutions agree with the experimental data within 3σ of the experimental uncertainties.     

Analysis of Sodium Void Reactivity Measured in FCA V-1 Assembly

The analysis of sodium void reactivity measurements has been performed. The measurements were made in the FCA V-1, which is a fast critical assembly intended for physics mock-up of the experimental fast reactor “JOYO”. The voided zones were the central region of the core and channel drawers extending throughout the core height. The calculations were performed using the JAERI set with 70- group structure.

As a result it was found that the conventional two-dimensional calculations underestimate measurements by about 10–40% in the core region. However, if the axial streaming effects are considered, the ratio between calculations and experimental results become about 0.9 for almost all cases of channel void. The streaming effects are calculated with use of Benoist's formula of anisotropic diffusion coefficients.

The heterogeneity effects on the spatial neutron flux distribution are taken into consideration by the collision probability method. The effect is large in the central part of the core (about 20% negative reactivity). The elastic removal cross sections are precisely obtained for the predominant resonances of light elements and compared with the conventional set. The influence on sodium void reactivity is not so large in this assembly.     

钠冷快堆混合钠火程序开发

钠管道泄漏继而发生钠的燃烧为钠冷快堆特有的事故。在喷雾钠火模型和池式钠火模型基础上,将钠喷雾燃烧和池式燃烧进行了耦合,并针对钠冷快堆钠工艺间的结构特点,最终开发了混合钠火计算程序COMSFIRE。使用该程序计算了FAUNA喷雾钠火试验和CADARACHE池式钠火试验,并与试验结果和部分程序计算结果进行了对比。同时设计了混合燃烧算例,并使用该程序与CONTAIN-LMR程序进行了对比。通过计算结果的对比和分析,初步验证了程序的正确性。     

Development of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Sodium Combined Fire Code

Sodium fire caused by sodium pipe leakage is the specific accident for sodium-cooled fast reactor. Based on the sodium spray fire model and sodium pool fire model, sodium spray fire and sodium pool fire were coupled together. A sodium combined fire code COMSFIRE was finally developed based on the structure characteristic of sodium technology room in sodium-cooled fast reactor. FAUNA sodium spray fire experiment and CADARACHE sodium pool fire experiment were calculated with the developed COMSFIRE code, the results of which were compared with the experiments results and some other code results. A combined fire case was designed, and the results were compared with CONTAIN-LMR code. The correctness of the COMSFIRE code was primarily proved through the comparison and analysis.     

钠冷快堆系统程序FR-Sdaso开发

为解决600 MW示范快堆（CFR600）事故分析和工况设计中的实际问题,自主开发了钠冷快堆系统程序FR-Sdaso,其建模范围包括堆芯、一回路、二回路、三回路、四回路和事故余热排出系统,主要物理模型包括点堆模型、单通道堆芯热工模型、多区钠池模型、四区蒸汽发生器模型等核岛设备或部件分析模型,汽轮机、凝汽器、给水加热器、除氧器等常规岛设备采用集总参数模型,泵、阀门、管道及控制体等采用通用模型。对程序进行了初步验证,结果表明,FR-Sdaso程序可用于分析全厂瞬态工况及超功率、失流、失热阱等典型事故过程。目前,FR-Sdaso程序已用于CFR600的设计和安全分析。