共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
炼油加工过程中氯离子与硫离子对 316L 不锈钢和Monel 合金腐蚀的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究常减压装置高温原油馏分及塔顶水相中氯离子、硫离子含量对316L不锈钢和Monel合金(镍基合金)腐蚀的影响。方法通过腐蚀挂片实验,获得316L不锈钢和Monel合金在含不同浓度氯离子和硫离子的水相、油相中的腐蚀速率变化规律。利用扫描电子显微镜,研究316L和Monel合金表面腐蚀后的微观形貌,探讨两种离子对316L不锈钢和Monel合金腐蚀的影响规律。结果在酸值较高的脱后原油中,316L不锈钢和Monel合金的腐蚀速率分别为0.0091,0.0248 mm/a;在酸值较低的常二段馏分中,316L不锈钢和Monel合金的腐蚀速率分别为0.0078,0.0031 mm/a。在常二段馏分中,加入600mg/L氯离子和30 mg/L硫化钠时,316L不锈钢和Monel合金的腐蚀速率分别为0.1755,0.1707 mm/a。在相同条件的脱后原油中,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率为0.0545 mm/a,Monel合金的腐蚀速率为0.1281mm/a。结论油相中氯离子含量较低时,环烷酸腐蚀占主导因素;而氯离子含量达到较高水平后,氯离子对腐蚀的影响占主导作用。316L不锈钢和Monel合金的腐蚀速率都随氯离子含量的增加而增加,并且硫离子的存在对腐蚀也有一定的促进作用。在塔顶水相中,氯离子和硫离子均对Monel合金腐蚀的影响不大。 相似文献
3.
利用高压釜模拟常减压装置中的腐蚀环境,采用腐蚀失重法并结合SEM,研究了4种常减压装置常用钢材在高温原油馏分中的腐蚀行为,分析了馏分、材质、温度的影响规律。结果表明,原油馏分的酸值、S含量和盐含量越高,对20钢腐蚀性越强,3种原油馏分对20钢的腐蚀性强弱为:脱盐后原油>常二线馏分>常一线馏分。提高钢材中Cr,Ni和Mo等合金元素的含量有助于提高其抗腐蚀能力,4种钢材在高温原油馏分中的抗腐蚀性能优劣为:316钢>304钢>1Cr5Mo钢>20钢。温度对钢材在高温原油馏分中的腐蚀行为会产生多方面的影响,腐蚀速率总体上随着温度的升高而增大,某些温度范围内可能出现腐蚀速率极值。 相似文献
4.
含硫原油炼制过程中活性硫腐蚀 总被引:29,自引:3,他引:26
原油主要由碳氢化合物构成 ,并含有相当数量的有害杂质 ,其中硫化合物等在原油炼制过程中对炼制设备有较为严重的腐蚀作用 .对含硫原油炼制过程中硫的主要存在形成以及活性硫的由来进行了分析讨论 ,并阐述了炼制过程活性硫析出对腐蚀过程的加速作用 .为了对含硫原油在炼制过程中复杂的硫腐蚀过程和规律的深入认识 ,指出了应发展相应的在线监 /检测技术以及开展系统的研究工作 . 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
回顾了高酸原油加工防腐经验。加工高酸值原油是炼油企业控制成本、提高赢利空间的重要手段,但同时要面临设备腐蚀加剧问题,如高于230℃的高温部位、减压塔内器件、过流部件等腐蚀严重。各炼油企业普遍采取装置适应性改造、材质升级、加强在线腐蚀监测、高温缓蚀剂等技术手段应对高酸值原油腐蚀问题,然而设备腐蚀风险并没有得到彻底控制,由于腐蚀严重而导致的非计划停工仍难以杜绝,因此许多学者持续开展了高温环烷酸腐蚀研究。通过在模拟介质中的实验研究掌握了温度、总酸值、硫含量等因素对高温环烷酸腐蚀的影响,发现硫腐蚀可以部分抑制环烷酸腐蚀。近年来,实际馏分中环烷酸腐蚀和硫腐蚀交互作用得到了更多关注,重点是研究硫腐蚀产物膜在环烷酸腐蚀环境中的作用和机理。发展了旋转圆环实验装置、喷射式实验装置、流经式迷你高压釜、常温高速双相流模拟装置等,从不同角度模拟工况条件,使之更加接近工业生产实际工况。发展了预成膜-后腐蚀的"Challenge(挑战)"实验,用于研究钝化膜在高温环烷酸腐蚀中的行为和特性。环烷酸在馏分中的分布以及对腐蚀的影响也得到了广泛关注。基于机理或者经验数据的腐蚀预测模型已经成为各种炼厂设备完整性管理技术的基础。 相似文献
8.
几种材料在高酸值原油中的腐蚀 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对非洲某高酸值原油、脱盐原油、原油馏分油、常压渣油、脱酸原油、减粘渣油及减粘渣油馏分油的实验室腐蚀模拟试验,以及对试验试样的表面形态、表面成分的观察和分析,研究了碳钢、渗铝钢、Cr5Mo及不锈钢在高酸值原油中的腐蚀规律,对影响腐蚀速率的因素进行了探讨,研究结果对炼制此类原油的设备选材及确定防腐蚀方案具有广泛的参考意义,某装置根据这一研究结果选材,节省投资数千万元.
相似文献
9.
The erosion‐corrosion behaviors of Q235 steel and 5Cr1/2Mo steel in oil with naphthenic acid and/or sulfur compound at high temperature were studied in a hot oil loop simulating oil refining environments. The effects of impinging flow rate, incidence angle, and total acid number (TAN), and sulfur content on erosion‐corrosion behavior were assessed. The eroded surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XPS. The results showed that both corrosion resistance and hardness of steels play an important role in combating erosion‐corrosion. Sulfide films formed on the surface were significant in understanding the erosion‐corrosion behavior when both naphthenic acid and sulfur compound were present. Erosion‐corrosion regimes were determined on the basis of mechanism analysis of the damage process. 相似文献
10.
某12Mt/a常减压装置自开工以来出现了常压塔顶低温腐蚀、减三线塔壁及集油箱腐蚀、稳定塔顶板式空冷腐蚀等,对腐蚀原因进行了分析,并提出了防护措施。塔顶低温腐蚀主要是由于盐酸和NH4Cl垢下腐蚀,应采取在脱后原油中加注2~3mg/L NaOH,将塔顶挥发线注水口改在空冷器入口分别注水,进行装置材料升级、原料控制、操作调整、腐蚀监测等防护措施。减三线及集油箱腐蚀是典型的高温硫和环烷酸腐蚀,需要采用材质升级或控制原料硫含量、酸含量等腐蚀防护措施。稳定塔顶空冷腐蚀泄漏则是由2205双相钢焊接工艺及质量问题造成的,需要控制设备制造质量及原油中的硫、氯含量。装置运行情况表明,采取的防护措施得当,腐蚀风险基本可控。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
输油管线是原油运输的重要通道,随着石油资源需求量的不断增加,对于输油管线的运维管理能力提出了更高的要求。由于原油的特殊性质,使得输油管线在长期运行过程中容易受到腐蚀,引起输油管线的运行风险,一旦造成原油泄露的安全事故,将会造成十分严重的后果。针对输油管线的腐蚀问题,需要在明确腐蚀原因的基础上采取相应的防腐措施,维护输油管线的安全运行。本文首先对输油管线的腐蚀原因进行了分析,结合提出了具体的输油管线防腐措施,以期为相关工作的开展提供参考。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
This study investigates the effects of temperature, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide concentrations on the corrosion behaviour of ship steels subjected to crude oil tank atmospheres. A new corrosion wastage model is proposed based on a standard non-linear time dependent corrosion model modified by the effect of the different environmental factors contained in the crude oil tank atmosphere. The new corrosion model assesses the corrosion degradation under stationary environmental conditions denoted as “short-term”. The long-term corrosion degradation is assessed by considering the succession of the various environmental conditions that can be present in the tank and adding the corrosion damage incurred during each of them. Corrosion records depending only on time are used to calibrate the standard model while the effect of environmental factors in increasing or decreasing the corrosion rate is based on formulations published by other authors. A numerical example of a representative application of the new corrosion model is presented, to demonstrate how to apply the model. 相似文献
20.
Rust preventive oil (RPO) provides temporary protection to steel during storage and transit. Premature failure occurs as surface defects due to inefficient RPO quality. Conventional corrosion tests like salt spray and cyclic corrosion provide minimum information about corrosion mechanism. We applied separately three RPO, named here as A–C, on bearing steels and their corrosion performance was examined by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). The corrosion potential of samples lowered after oil application. It seems that oil film delayed oxygen reduction reaction. Later, oiled samples were exposed in salt spray test (SST) and again examined by SKP at different time interval. The SKP result showed that oiled sample A corrosion potential increased during SST exposure. Oil A might develop passivity on steel surface. It is also supported by least red rust formed on oiled sample A in SST. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma and chemical analysis of oils were performed to interpret the SKP outcome. Oil A possesses low oxidation peak, low total acid number, and high total base number that signify higher corrosion resistant. Finally, SKP findings are in‐line with the conventional corrosion tests‐salt spray and condensation water tests. 相似文献