基于X-pinch丝负载的背光照相研究

以天光Ⅱ-B装置（250 kA/50 ns）作为实验平台,在装置负载的阴阳极和回流盘上同时安装X-pinch丝负载,利用天光Ⅱ-B驱动X-pinch丝负载,通过背光照相实验获得箍缩发展不同时刻的序列图像。在序列图像中可观察到箍缩叉点处等离子体的内爆及外爆消散。实验结果有助于进一步理解丝负载箍缩等离子体发展的物理机制。     

X射线源针孔成像系统优化设计研究

为提高X射线源针孔成像系统的性能,对成像能区为10~100 keV的X射线源针孔成像系统进行了优化设计研究。综合应用了理论分析和蒙特卡罗模拟的方法,首先根据X射线波长、准直器角响应和X射线穿透效应对针孔成像的不同影响结果设计了可有效控制成像分辨率和成像面积变化的船底型准直器,随后用蒙特卡罗方法对使用该准直器的针孔成像系统进行了模拟验证。结果表明,对于100 keV以下的X射线,经船底型准直器后,成像的空间分辨率和亮斑亮度较稳定,能得到相对准确的X射线源定位、定量信息。     

一维时空分辨诊断技术在Z-pinch实验中的应用

在Angara-5-1装置上进行的丝阵Z-pinch实验中,红光塑料闪烁体薄膜将X光转换为可见光,通过光纤阵列、光纤传像束传输至可见光条纹像机(OSC),紧贴于像机屏幕的光纤锥将信号耦合至CCD进行记录,提供丝阵一维条纹像,观察丝阵负载Pinch区X射线辐射空间分布信息随时间的演化过程.实验中系统时间分辨4.3ns,空间分辨0.3mm.负载采用单层丝阵与双层丝阵.研究结果表明,X光辐射波形前沿上升时间越快,功率峰值越高;双层丝阵构形改善了内爆同步性;等离子体的内爆动能与电流成正比,电流愈大,等离子体的动能也愈大,X光辐射能量与电流成正比.     

X射线源针孔成像方法可行性研究

为检验利用针孔成像对X射线源进行研究的可行性，对X射线针孔成像系统进行优化设计，搭建了1套X射线源针孔成像装置。从理论上对X射线源的位置和强度发生变化时图像的相应变化进行了计算和预估，并用实验加以验证。结果表明，像斑中心位置的移动和像斑灰度值的变化分别与X射线源位置和强度的变化在一定范围内存在线性关系，由此证明了利用针孔成像对X射线源进行空间定位及定量研究的可行性。本文结果对X射线源针孔成像的系统设计具有参考意义。     

杆箍缩二极管X射线源焦斑的刀口法测量

辐射成像中,射线源尺寸与形状是影响图像分辨率的主要因素之一。柱面刀口法是焦斑尺寸测量最常用的方法之一。对刀口法空间分辨与视场进行了分析。实验测量了杆箍缩二极管X射线源焦斑尺寸,给出了初步结果。     

增强光中子成像空间分辨率的方法研究

X射线和中子联合成像能够极大的提升针对不同种类违禁材料的鉴别能力。光中子源具有中子产额高,系统稳定性好,既是X射线源又是中子源的优点,其不足之处在于中子探测会受到X射线脉冲的干扰,而为了避免这种干扰采用慢化中子延时错开X射线脉冲的解决办法又将带来新的问题,即中子探测空间分辨率的恶化。本文提出了一种新颖的探测慢化后光中子的方法,能够极大地提升光中子探测的空间分辨率,并设计了一套光中子成像原型系统,通过模拟手段评估了系统的各项参数性能,获得了理想的模拟成像结果,验证了方法的可行性。     

基于CCD医用X射线数字成像系统设计

基于高分辨率CCD数字X射线成像系统是近年发展起来的一种越来越受医疗机构欢迎的X射线数字诊断系统,与目前传统的DR和CR相比,其具有更好的空间分辨率、动态范围和可靠性.介绍了基于CCD医用X射线数字成像系统的组成、结构、性能和实验结果.     

便携式X射线源辐射角及辐射空间剂量分布检测

120-Ⅱ型X射线源是便携式XP-Ⅱ型闪光X射线成像检测仪的重要组成部分,它利用冷阴极电子轰击W-阳极靶出射X射线的脉冲源,脉冲宽度约150 ns。利用LiF剂量片测量距离中心30cm处横截面上不同位置的剂量分布,根据实验结果可确定操作人员设备实施操作的绝对安全距离。     

20 Hz高时空分辨X射线单色光动态显微CT研究

与白光X射线动态显微CT(Micro Computed Tomography)相比,单色光X射线动态显微CT具有较低的辐射损伤和较高的密度分辨率,但是更难以平衡其空间和时间分辨率。目前,单色光X射线动态显微CT的最高时间分辨率可达到13.3 Hz,探测器有效像素尺寸为5μm。为了构建具有更高时空分辨率的单色光X射线动态显微CT系统,基于上海光源快速X光成像线站（BL16U2）的高通量密度单色光,将高速转台与三镜头大数值孔径快速X射线成像探测器相结合,构建了实验系统。以速发型聚氨酯材料为研究对象进行了验证实验,在15 keV单色光下动态显微CT的时间分辨率达到了20 Hz,探测器有效像素尺寸为2.2μm。对气泡运动进行相关定量分析,证明该系统具有高时空分辨率和高对比度分辨率,可以对复杂运动系统进行四维时空定量分析,为BL16U2线站用户进行高时空分辨率的复杂原位研究提供了强大的实验平台。     

基于催化聚合的同步辐射X射线成像标签

同步辐射X射线显微成像具有极高的空间分辨率、很好的穿透深度和优秀的能量分辨,因而在纳米分辨细胞成像领域具有巨大的应用潜力。然而,目前X射线显微技术多用于细胞结构成像,而和该技术相适合的特异性识别细胞内重要生物靶标的分子探针仍较缺乏。本工作利用同步辐射X射线良好的能量分辨特点,经体外化学催化反应成功制备了同步X射线可见的成像标签,成像分辨率达到30 nm。研究结果为进一步制备X射线敏感的分子探针,实现对细胞内生物分子的特异性识别和成像打下了良好的基础。     

兆安级电流下Al丝阵的芯晕结构抑制研究

为了抑制丝阵Z箍缩中金属丝在电流早期电爆炸形成的芯晕结构,基于强光一号加速器,利用二级丝阵负载开展了Al丝阵早期物理状态的调控研究。通过陡化预脉冲和调整二级丝阵的参数,实现了负载Al丝的全部汽化,抑制了芯晕结构的产生,气态Al丝芯的平均直径约为1.80 mm,且沿轴向均匀分布,降低了丝阵消融引起的初始不稳定性。若丝长度和直径保持不变,反转型丝阵的关断时间主要取决于Al丝的丝数;反转型丝阵关断后,气态丝芯在主电流脉冲作用下迅速电离并开始内爆,磁瑞丽泰勒不稳定性迅速发展,内爆等离子体流沿轴向呈周期性调制分布,调制波长约为650 μm。Al丝阵初始状态的改变,有效抑制了丝的消融过程,消除了先驱等离子体,在内爆后期降低了拖尾质量,提高了箍缩品质。     

Generation of Ultrafast Jets Through the Implosion of a Nested Conical Wire Array

It is shown that in contrast to the electric pulse power driven implosion of a single conical wire array, the implosion of a nested conical wire array with opposite alternate opening angles can lead to the generation of fast jets, with velocities of the order 10⁸ cm/s. This technique can be applied for the supersonic shear flow stabilization of a dense z-pinch, but possibly also for the fast ignition of a pre-compressed dense deuterium–tritium target.     

Primarily Experimental Results for a W Wire Array Z Pinch

Primarily experimental results are given for a W wire array Z pinch imploded with up to 2 MA in 100 ns on a Qiangguang-I pulsed power generator. The configuration and parameters of the generator, the W wire array load assembly and the diagnostic system for the experiment are described. The total X-ray energy has been obtained with a averaged power of X-ray radiation of 1.28 TW.     

Design of wide-range energy material beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

We report the design of a wide-range energy material beamline(E-line) with multiple experimental techniques at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The undulators consisted of an elliptically polarizing undulator and in-vacuum undulator that generate the soft and hard X-rays, respectively. The beamline covered a wide energy range from 130 to 18 ke V with both a high photon flux([ 10~(12) phs/s with exit silt 30 lm in soft X-ray and [ 5 9 10~(12) phs/s in hard X-ray within 0.1%BW bandwidth) and promising resolving power(maximum E/DE [ 15,000 in soft X-ray with exit silt 30 lm and [6000 in hard X-ray). Moreover, the beam spots from the soft and hard X-rays were focused to the same sample position with a high overlap ratio, so that the surfaces, interfaces, and bulk properties were characterized in situ by changing the probing depth.     

Z-箍缩X射线辐射功率闪烁探测系统

研制的Z-箍缩X射线辐射功率探测系统，利用闪烁体与X射线作用产生的荧光，在X射线入射45°方向进行探测。系统具有平坦能量响应、大动态范围和抗干扰能力强的特点。在Z-箍缩“强光1号”装置上，对X射线辐射功率进行测量，获得了W丝阵负载最大X射线辐射产额为36-58kJ，辐射功率为0-84TW。     

Development of a new X-ray source using backscattered X-ray with the use of a cold cathode

The development of an intense X-ray source using backscattered X-ray produced using an advanced electrode configuration is described. The electrodes were composed of field emitters deposited on a wire mounted on a perforated plate as the cathode and a copper plate as the anode. Electrons from these emitters collided with the copper plate and X-ray was generated at collision points. The backscattered X-ray in the direction normal to the electron trajectory through a hole in the anode escaped from the vacuum chamber through a beryllium window. Continuous and characteristic X-rays were detected at an applied voltage lower than that of a conventional X-ray source from 3.0 to 9.4 kV, respectively. Moreover, the X-ray dosage measured with a survey meter reached 0.95 mSv/h at 5.0 kV of applied voltage. The transmission images of three types of material used as an X-ray source for the X-ray imaging system indicate three advantages; low power consumption, focal point controllable by adjusting applied voltage, and photographable motion picture of X-ray transmission.     

Analysis of X-ray spectra in 14.5-GHz ECR ion source for optimizing operation conditions

An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source operating at 14.5 GHz was developed for the generation of charged ions at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Experiments were carried out to study the plasma inside the ECR ion source by analyzing the X-ray spectra generated by it. The X-ray energy distribution and electron energy inside the plasma chamber are influenced by the status of the heated plasma. That status depends on various operation parameters such as microwave power, injected gas-pressure, and solenoid and trim coil currents. X-ray spectra were recorded to find the correlation between the plasma and the X-rays for variations in the operation parameters. A standard NaI(Tl) detector was used for that purpose. The X-ray energy distribution was studied in the range of 100–500 W for radiofrequency power. The influence of the injected gas pressure and the mirror ratio in the emission of X-rays were analyzed.     

An optimal design of X-ray target for uniform X-ray emission from an electronic brachytherapy system

We present a novel design of an X-ray target to deliver uniform dose from an electronic brachytherapy system (EBS). This design comprises of a combination of both the reflection- and transmission-type target geometries. Monte-Carlo simulation code MCNP5 has been employed for the calculation of angular distribution of the X-ray intensity produced from various morphologies of X-ray targets. The simulation results reveal that the combinatorial target-assembly is promising and effective in achieving uniformity of X-ray emission over the entire space of solid angle of 4π in comparison to a transmission-type target that produces X-rays mainly in the forward direction and a reflection-type target that generates X-rays mostly in the backward direction. As a direct consequence of the uniformity of X-ray emission, the combinatorial target-assembly can impart a uniform dose distribution which makes it suitable as a target of an X-ray tube for EBS.     

Energy spectra measurements of X-ray emission from electron interaction in a dense plasma focus device

Electrons generated during a pinch implosion in a hollow anode Mather-like plasma focus device (PF) are considered as a possible X-ray source via the impinging of those particles on medium and high-Z targets. A usual PF device has been slightly modified to optimise the X-ray production and their measurements by means of a suitable and non-invasive spectrometer. This ensemble allows measurements of X-rays generated booth by electrons turning back to the anode and by target collision of the so-called relativistic electron beam. The spectrum of the emitted photons is evaluated by using a differential absorption based technique. The X-ray spectrometer consists of a stack of LiF dosimeters which act both as detectors and filters to give curves of attenuated intensities. Finally, the energy distribution is calculated from such attenuation curves using an iterative procedure based on spectral algebra formalism.