棉籽多肽的制备及其自由基清除能力研究

以碱溶酸沉法提取的棉籽蛋白为原料,分别用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对其进行水解,比较4种蛋白酶水解棉籽蛋白的水解度及棉籽多肽自由基清除能力。结果表明:中性蛋白酶水解所得棉籽多肽自由基清除能力较强。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交优化试验,得到中性蛋白酶水解制备棉籽多肽最佳条件为:水解时间5 h,水解温度45℃,pH 7.5,加酶量8 000U(100 mL 5%棉籽蛋白溶液)。在最佳条件下棉籽蛋白的水解度为11.23%,制备的棉籽多肽对超氧阴离子自由基清除率为72.48%,对羟自由基清除率为89.01%,其10倍稀释液对DPPH自由基清除率为84.67%,与0.5 mg/mL VC的自由基清除能力相当。     

调味香料草果挥发油的抗氧化性能及清除自由基能力

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了调味香料草果的挥发油,产率为1.62%。从总体抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力和清除羟基自由基能力三个方面,测定了该挥发油的抗氧化活性,并与合成抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯(PG)做了比较。实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,草果挥发油清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力和清除羟基自由基的能力均强于PG。从而说明草果挥发油具有良好的抗氧化效果。     

紫苏提取物体外清除自由基能力的研究

以紫苏茎、叶为研究对象,采用不同溶剂获取各种提取物,用茶多酚、维生素E、TBHQ作为对照,采用DPPH自由基体系、烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系、羟基自由基体系,研究各种提取物对不同自由基的清除作用。结果表明,提取物对四种自由基均有清除作用,其清除效果依次为羟基自由基>DPPH自由基>烷基自由基>超氧阴离子自由基。紫苏茎、叶的95％乙醇(v/v)与碱水混合物提取物(8:2v/v)的总黄酮得率最高,紫苏叶提取物的抗氧化性强于紫苏茎提取物。      

啤酒糟挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析及对DPPH自由基的清除作用

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取啤酒糟挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）分析挥发油的化学成分,并以面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共鉴定出38个化合物,占挥发油总量的91.09%,含量较高的成分有棕榈酸（48.90%）、亚油酸（26.10%）、肉豆蔻酸（3.02%）、硬脂酸（2.74%）、糠醛（1.47%）、苯乙醛（0.94%）。利用分光光度法测定啤酒糟挥发油对DPPH自由基的清除作用,其清除作用明显,清除率与样品量呈量效关系,25%挥发油IC50值为50.53μL。      

反相高效液相色谱法分离菜籽蛋白水解物及其组分清除自由基能力的研究

采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)技术分离菜籽蛋白的蛋白酶k水解物(PKH),并通过分析其DPPH·、O-2·、·OH的清除能力和氧自由基吸附能力(ORAC),评价了PKH及其分离组分清除自由基的能力。结果表明:菜籽肽清除DPPH·的能力与其疏水性之间具有显著的正相关性,疏水性最高的组分清除DPPH·的能力与谷胱甘肽(GSH)相当,IC50值为(0.183 8±0.002 1)mg/m L;分离后菜籽肽的O-2·和·OH清除能力虽然有所提高,但是仍然弱于GSH;4个分离组分的ORAC值高于PKH,其中2个组分的ORAC值与GSH的相当,1个组分(F7)的ORAC值是GSH的1.5倍,其ORAC值(Trolox)高达(2 413.41±162.98)μmol/mg。研究认为,基于疏水性的RP-HPLC分离显著提高了菜籽肽清除自由基的能力,获得的分离组分(尤其是F7)可以作为抗氧剂开发相关功能性食品。     

Effects of roasting degree on radical scavenging activity,phenolics and volatile compounds of Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica L. cv. Catimor)

We investigated the effect of roasting degree on volatile and phenolic compounds of coffee beans (Coffea Arabica L. cv. Catimor). The colour, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activity and phenolic acids of the aqueous extracts were studied. For the colour, L and b values were increased with an increase in roasting degree. Increasing roasting degrees led to a decrease in radical‐scavenging activity. Maximum radical‐scavenging activity was observed for the light‐roasted coffee. Chlorogenic acid was the most predominant amongst the ten phenolic acids identified, in green and all roasted beans. Syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid, gallic acid and sinapic acid increased with an increase in roasting degree. The volatile compounds were analysed using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Aldehyde was the major volatile compound in green coffee. Our study has demonstrated that light‐roasted coffee gave the most desirable quality of roasted coffee with respect to phenolic content and radical‐scavenging activities.     

沙参多糖对自由基的清除作用

以北沙参为原料,利用微波技术及水提醇沉法提取沙参多糖.利用Feton体系和邻苯三酚自氧化反应,采用比色法测定沙参多糖对羟基及超氧自由基的清除作用,沙参粗多糖对OH·的半抑制率IC50为0.22mg/mL;对超氧自由基的半抑制率IC50为0.25mg/mL.结果表明,沙参多糖对羟基自由基和超氧自由基均有清除作用,对羟基自由基的清除能力更强.     

Free radical scavenging capacity of selected red,rosé and white wines

The free radical scavenging capacity of selected red, rosé and white Spanish wines from different grape varieties was determined by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·) method using a new methodology developed at our laboratory. The amount of sample necessary to decrease by 50% the initial DPPH^· concentration (EC₅₀), the time needed to reach the steady state at EC₅₀ concentration (T_EC50) and the antiradical efficiency (AE = 1/EC₅₀T_EC50) were determined in the wine samples. Some differences between rosé wines made with Garnacha and Tempranillo grape varieties were observed in the UV‐vis spectra and in the free radical scavenging parameters, those from Garnacha variety having the highest antioxidant activity. The antiradical efficiency of the wines followed a decreasing order: red wines (22.44 × 10⁻⁶) > rosé wines (4.90 × 10⁻⁶) > white wines (1.88 × 10⁻⁶). There was a correlation between antiradical efficiency and total polyphenol (TP): AE = −3.33135 + 0.0180535TP; the correlation coefficient was r = 0.951454. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of free radical scavenging of dietary carotenoids by the stable radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl

In order to avoid the interference of compounds with a chromophoric system when the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·) method is used, a new measure of the decrease in absorbance at 580 nm was performed (correlation coefficient between absorbance and DPPH^· concentration, 0.9979; p < 0.01). The antioxidant effectiveness of dietary carotenes and xanthophylls towards the stable free radical DPPH^· was measured. The antioxidant activity expressed as the amount of antioxidant able to reduce the initial DPPH^· concentration to 50% (EC₅₀), given in terms of moles of antioxidant per mole of DPPH^·, ranged from 0.16 ± 0.01 (lycopene) to 3.29 ± 0.31 (lutein). The parameter antiradical efficiency (AE), which involves the potency (1/EC₅₀) and the time taken to reach the steady state at EC₅₀ (T_EC50), was calculated to discriminate carotenoids with no significant difference between their EC₅₀. Comparison of the structures of the carotenoids tested revealed that the scavenging ability towards DPPH^· was increased by the length of the effective conjugated double‐bond system and was modulated by the addition of chemical groups on the terminal rings (xanthophylls). © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

五谷酸奶的研制及其清除自由基的能力

根据动植物蛋白营养平衡互补的原理,以黑芝麻、黑豆、玉米为主要原料,研制新型五谷酸奶。通过单因素和正交试验确定五谷酸奶的最佳制作工艺为黑芝麻汁添加量10mL/100mL、黑豆汁添加量13.3 mL/100 mL、玉米汁添加量13.3mL/100mL、奶粉添加量7.9g/100mL、白砂糖添加量5g/100mL、接种量3mL/100mL、发酵时间7h、发酵温度42℃。该条件下制得的五谷酸奶酸甜可口,质地细腻。通过研究五谷酸奶、五谷汁原液和市售某品牌酸奶的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除能力,结果表明:五谷酸奶对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除率均随其浓度的增加而增强。当其浓度为50mg/mL时,五谷酸奶对DPPH自由基清除率为(84.9±0.10)%,羟基自由基的清除率为(55.6±0.12)%,且在相同浓度时,五谷酸奶的自由基清除率高于市售某品牌酸奶。     

黑米花青苷胶囊体外清除自由基及抗氧化作用的研究

利用Fenton反应产生羟自由基、邻苯三酚在微碱条件下自氧化产生O-2、磷钼络合物法分别研究了黑米花青苷胶囊和黑米色素对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子的抑制和其总抗氧化活性。结果表明黑米花青苷胶囊和黑米色素能有效清除自由基,具有良好的抗氧化作用。其中黑米花青苷胶囊和黑米色素对羟自由基、超氧阴离子的抑制和其总抗氧化活性随着样品浓度增高而增加。黑米色素对羟自由基、超氧阴离子的抑制和总抗氧化活性显著高于黑米花青苷胶囊。     

蛋清酶解多肽的制备及其清除自由基活性

为探索蛋清酶解多肽体外清除自由基活性,开发功能性蛋制品,本文采用碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶,通过对比实验、单因素实验和正交实验确定了蛋清酶解多肽的制备方法,采用体外清除自由基对比实验研究了蛋清酶解多肽的体外清除自由基活性。结果表明:蛋清蛋白浓度调整至4 g/100 mL(m/V),用18000 U/g蛋白的碱性蛋白酶在pH9.0于60 ℃水解7 h,制备的蛋清多肽清除DPPH自由基能力最强;用碱性蛋白酶制备的蛋清多肽在体外对超氧阴离子、羟自由基、DPPH自由基清除能力和Fe³⁺还原能力均明显优于蛋清,但远不及V_C。证明蛋清经碱性蛋白酶控制水解能明显增强其清除自由基能力,提高其保健性能。     

Relation between bioactive compounds and free radical‐scavenging capacity in berry fruits during frozen storage

In this work the correlation between the free radical‐scavenging capacity and bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, ellagic acid, total phenolics and vitamin C) in four Spanish raspberry cultivars (Heritage, Autumn Bliss, Zeva and Rubi) and Spanish wild blackberry as affected by freezing and frozen storage was evaluated. From this mathematical study a significant correlation was obtained between the radical‐scavenging capacity and the anthocyanin and total phenolic contents in both raspberry (r = 0.85 and 0.83 respectively) and blackberry (r = 0.84 and 0.68 respectively) fruits, but no correlation was found between this parameter and the ellagic acid and vitamin C contents. A key objective of this study was to select the raspberry cultivar most suitable for freezing preservation in terms of the stability of its health‐promoting constituents. A two‐dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) of the raspberry cultivars explained 82% of the total variance of the factors mentioned above. The early raspberry cultivars (Heritage and Autumn Bliss) showed a lower content of bioactive compounds and lower radical‐scavenging capacity, while the late cultivars (Zeva and Rubi) showed higher values, and these differences were clearly displayed by the PCA. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

腐植酸钠清除自由基作用的研究

利用DPPH自由基清除法、羟自由基清除法、超氧阴离子自由基清除法、总还原力的测定4种方法对腐植酸钠的抗氧化活性进行了检测和评价。研究结果表明,腐植酸钠具有较强的自由基清除能力和一定的抗氧化能力,且随着腐植酸钠浓度的增加,其抗氧化能力逐渐增强。     

紫苏籽皮提取物的自由基清除能力及抗癌活性

探讨紫苏籽皮提取物(PSCE)的体外自由基清除能力及其抗癌活性。结果表明,以DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除实验检测自由基清除能力。MTT法和平板克隆形成实验分别检测体外抗癌活性。PSCE具有较好的自由基清除能力,对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的半清除剂量(IC50)分别为105.53μg/mL和269.65μg/mL。同时,PSCE对A375SM人黑色素瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用呈浓度和时间依赖关系。     

大米草黄酮的提取工艺及清除羟自由基作用的研究

通过单因素实验及正交实验对大米草黄酮提取工艺条件进行探讨.结果表明,大米草黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件是料液比 1:10、温度 80℃、乙醇浓度 70%、提取时间 3 h、提取3次,此条件下黄酮的提取率为 0.478%.此外.还研究了对羟自由基的清除作用,发现大米草提取物对羟自由基清除能力低于抗坏血酸.略高于芦丁.     

凌枣黄酮提取及自由基清除能力研究

对凌枣黄酮回流提取工艺和凌枣黄酮提取液的自由基清除能力进行了研究,凌枣黄酮回流提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比30∶1（mL/g）、提取时间2h、提取温度75℃、乙醇浓度75%。在最佳提取条件下,凌枣黄酮的得率为5.01mg/g;三种体外抗氧化体系（还原力、羟自由基清除力及DPPH自由基清除力）结果表明,凌枣不同部位黄酮均具有抗氧化作用,作用大小呈浓度-剂量效应,在不同浓度范围内,不同部位凌枣黄酮的自由基清除能力顺序均为:枣肉黄酮>全枣黄酮>枣核黄酮>枣皮黄酮,结果表明凌枣果肉中含有较高活性或浓度的黄酮类组分,但凌枣各部位黄酮的自由基清除能力均低于同浓度的维生素C。      

Free‐radical scavenging activity of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) extracts

In an effort to discover new antioxidant natural compounds, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) an aromatic‐bitter herb, was screened. The sequential extraction was realized with five solvents of different polarities (70% methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol). The antioxidative activity was tested by measuring their ability to scavenge stable 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and reactive hydroxyl radical during the Fenton reaction trapped by 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the antiradical and antioxidative activity depend on the type and concentration of applied extracts and increased in the order ethyl acetate > methanol > n‐butanol > chloroform > petroleum ether > remaining water extracts. The investigation showed that the antiradical activity increased with increasing concentration of all extracts. The high contents of total phenolic compounds (25.6 mg g^?1) and total flavonoids (13.06 mg g^?1) indicated that these compounds contribute to the antiradical and antioxidative activity. In a model system, the formation of o‐semiquinone radicals from quercetin and chlorogenic acid was obtained to prove the mechanism (hydrogen donating and/or one‐electron reduction) of free‐radical scavenging activity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

油茶叶黄酮类化合物清除自由基及抑菌作用研究

以油茶叶为原料,测定其黄酮类化合物对羟自由基和超氧自由基清除能力;并对常见食品腐败菌及部分致病菌抑制特性进行探讨.研究结果表明,黄酮类化合物对羟自由基和超氧自由基具有较好清除效率,清除率均在59％以上;黄酮类化合物对部分食品腐败菌和致病菌具有一定抑制作用;当黄酮浓度达2.5 mg/mL时,对试验菌种呈现明显抑制作用.