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针对细颗粒石墨的改进概率评价方法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
石墨由于其高中子散射截面和低中子吸收截面特性被广泛应用于第4代高温气冷堆中。由于石墨材料强度分散,与常用的确定论评价方法相比,概率论方法评价其失效更为合适。本文通过有限元软件ABAQUS用户子程序开发了石墨构件失效概率分析模型,采用该模型研究了Hindley模型对细颗粒及国产石墨的适用性,在此基础上提出改进的失效概率计算模型,并通过试验数据加以验证。结果表明,Hindley模型过于保守,改进模型则很好地吻合了试验数据,其结果更为合理,为国产石墨在核反应堆中的应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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核级石墨在高温气冷堆中作为结构材料、慢化材料和反射层材料等被广泛应用,其氧化性能对高温气冷堆在进水或进气事故下材料的腐蚀行为有重要影响。初始孔隙率分布及孔隙率在氧化过程中的变化均对石墨氧化造成影响。本文以核级石墨IG-110、H-451、NBG-18和A3-3为例,以直径为6 cm的石墨球为研究对象,在一维瞬态氧化模型的基础上,分析了初始孔隙率分别服从均匀分布、正态分布和对数正态分布时对石墨氧化的影响。从模型简化和高温气冷堆安全分析角度保守考虑,建立石墨氧化模型时,核级石墨初始孔隙率可取均匀分布,此时石墨的整体失重率最大。 相似文献
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核石墨作为慢化剂、反射层以及结构材料广泛应用于熔盐堆与气冷堆中,石墨构件的完整性对反应堆安全运行至关重要。脆性核石墨材料强度分散,相比于确定论方法概率论方法更适合对核石墨构件失效评定。本文基于ASME计算失效概率模型,改进了失效概率计算的分组标准,并运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了NBG-18核石墨巴西圆盘劈裂模型加以验证。结果表明:与过于保守的ASME模型相比,改进的模型结果更接近于试验数据,同时比KTA3232规范更保守。改进后的模型对试件尺寸比较敏感,对网格敏感度不高。 相似文献
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在高温气冷堆进水进空气事故下,空气和水蒸气会与堆内的石墨材料发生化学腐蚀反应,从而可能影响反应堆的安全。为研究高温气冷堆内石墨材料的氧化腐蚀特性,本文利用气相色谱法实验测量了IG-110石墨在不同温度和不同气体组分配比情况下的腐蚀速率及腐蚀产物,并利用THERMIX/REACT软件对整个石墨腐蚀过程进行了模拟。研究结果表明:反应温度对石墨腐蚀的影响最为显著,腐蚀速率随着温度的升高而增大,同时随着温度升高,CO与CO2的含量比也逐渐增大。通过与实验结果对比分析,验证了THERMIX/REACT软件用于高温气冷堆安全分析的可靠性。 相似文献
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石墨在工程中,特别是在高温气冷堆中得到大量应用。近年来发展了很多关于多晶石墨的断裂理论,普遍认为概率断裂力学和基于微观结构的断裂准则的结合是石墨断裂研究的最可取的方向。本文用一种断裂力学模型,即Burchell模型对10MW高温气冷堆石墨反射层材料IG11进行了分析。结果表明,该模型预测的结果与实验数据吻合良好。 相似文献
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中空六棱柱燃料元件在高温气冷堆方面有广泛应用,为研究中空六棱柱燃料元件的堆内性能,评价其失效概率,针对高温气冷堆用中空六棱柱燃料元件进行了热-力学行为分析,采用多物理场耦合的方法计算了中空六棱柱燃料元件的热-力学行为,分析了中空六棱柱燃料元件在较低中子注量条件下的温度场、变形、应力分布以及失效概率。结果表明,中空六棱柱燃料元件的最高运行温度约为1020 K,SiC基体的最大应力约为107.32 MPa、失效概率为3.52×10?4,SiC基体较低的失效概率保证了燃料元件的结构完整性。在较低中子注量下,中空六棱柱燃料元件的运行温度和应力均较低并且可以保证结构完整,具有良好的堆内运行状态。 相似文献
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进气事故是模块式高温气冷堆(HTR-PM)事故分析中重点考虑的一种事故类型。核级石墨在高温气冷堆中被广泛用作反射层材料、结构材料和慢化材料等。在进气事故中,燃料元件基体石墨发生氧化反应增加了燃料颗粒裸露和放射性释放的风险,底反射层发生氧化反应降低了石墨材料的机械性能,可能破坏堆芯底部结构的完整性。本文利用高温气冷堆专用系统分析程序TINTE,分别选取两种不同氧化速率的石墨材料作为底反射层材料,以热气导管双端断裂的进气事故为例,分析不同材料对进气事故的影响。在保证底反射层完整性的前提下,底反射层采用高氧化速率的材料时,能明显降低燃料颗粒裸露和放射性释放的风险。 相似文献
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For subthermal neutron energies, polycrystalline graphite shows a larger total cross section than predicted by existing theoretical models. In order to investigate the origin of this discrepancy we measured the total cross section of graphite samples of three different origins, in the energy range from 0.001 to 10 eV. Different experimental arrangements and sample treatments were explored, to identify the effect of various experimental parameters on the total cross section measurement. The experiments showed that the increase in total cross section is due to neutrons scattered around the forward direction. We associate these small angle scattered neutrons (SANS) to the porous structure of graphite, and formulate a very simple model to compute its contribution to the total cross section of the material. This results in an analytic expression that explicitly depends on the density and mean size of the pores, which can be easily incorporated in nuclear library codes. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(6):490-497
Intensity of the thermal neutrons emitted from the moderator with a reflector was calculated to study the effects on the intensity caused by a macroscopic total neutron cross section and an average logarithmic energy loss of the reflector materials. A reflector with a large macroscopic total neutron cross section produced higher thermal neutron intensity than that with a small cross section if they had the same average logarithmic energy loss. Among the reflectors with the same total macroscopic neutron cross section, the thermal neutron intensity was not changed by decreasing the average logarithmic energy loss to a range less than about 0.1 but above this value the intensity was weakened. From this result it was found that a large macroscopic total cross section and a small average logarithmic energy loss are preferable characteristics for reflector materials. As actual reflector materials, three reflector materials were examined, namely beryllium, graphite and lead, which are now considered to be candidates. The lead reflector was effective for the moderator with a large emission-surface and the beryllium reflector for the moderator with a small one. This result indicates that the moderator size is important for choosing the best reflector material to produce the highest beam intensity. 相似文献
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中子辐射俘获截面及共振参数在核工程设计、核天体物理等研究领域中有重要的应用价值。在中国散裂中子源(CSNS)反角白光中子束线(Back n)上,使用C6D6测量系统开展了169Tm辐射俘获反应测量。通过脉冲高度权重技术、共振吸收法和饱和归一法得到169Tm辐射俘获反应的产额。利用SAMMY程序拟合169Tm的产额数据,得到169Tm在1~100 eV能量区间的共振能量、中子宽度、辐射俘获宽度等共振参数。使用实验测得的共振参数和Reich Moore近似计算了169Tm在1~100 eV能量区间的辐射俘获截面。实验测量结果与ENDF/B Ⅷ.0数据库的推荐值总体符合较好,部分共振参数和截面存在一定的差异。产生这些差异的原因与Back n的源中子能谱结构、能量分辨率、实验本底的精度有关。 相似文献
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氢化锂(LiH)以其低密度、高熔点、较高的H原子份额等良好的热物性,被用作空间核热推进反应堆的慢化剂和屏蔽材料。考虑到低能区LiH热中子数据的缺失使得数值模拟结果与实际相差很大,本文对LiH热化效应机理进行初步研究,基于第一性原理方法计算了LiH的声子谱,采用GASKET和NJOY程序建立LiH热散射律和散射矩阵的计算模型,制作成MCNP的ACE格式的LiH热中子截面数据库。对比文献结果和ZrH2热散射截面,分析差异的原因,采用Debye模型的抛物线效应修正了次级能量分布情况。该截面值可为下一步高温粒子球床堆物理建模提供必要的数据。 相似文献
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核材料中热中子吸收截面高的杂质会引起堆芯反应性的变化,一般用硼当量表示这些杂质对热中子的吸收,硼当量是衡量核材料纯度的重要指标之一。热中子宏观吸收截面法是硼当量测量的方法之一,测量时采用同位素中子源则精度低,而白光中子源产生的中子强度高、方向性好,且可慢化为热谱,能有效提高硼当量测量精度。本文基于15 MeV电子加速器驱动的白光中子源开展核石墨硼当量测量的研究,利用蒙特卡罗模拟并优化实验方案,对实验数据进行检验与修正,建立核石墨硼当量测量定量分析方法。该方法能快速、准确检测核材料的硼当量,对反应堆的物理设计、安全性评估等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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WANG Xiaohe HU Jifeng CHEN Jingen CAI Xiangzhou WANG Naxiu WANG Hongwei HAN Jianlong 《原子能科学技术》1959,54(11):1991-1998
Impurities in nuclear materials with high thermal neutron absorption cross section will change the reactivity. The absorption of thermal neutrons by these impurities is represented by boron equivalent, which is one of the important factors to measure the purity of nuclear materials. Boron equivalent can be determined directly via the measurement of macroscopic thermal neutron absorption cross section based on an isotopic neutron source, but with lower accuracy. The photoneutron source, which can generate neutrons with higher intensity, better direction and lower energy, can effectively improve the accuracy of boron equivalence measurement. Therefore, the boron equivalent measurement of nuclear graphite was carried out with the photoneutron source driven by 15 MeV electron LINAC. Monte Carlo simulation method was used to optimize the experimental scheme, and the experimental data were tested and modified. Finally, the quantitative analysis method was established for the measurement of graphite boron equivalent. This method can quickly and accurately measure the boron equivalent of nuclear materials, which is of great significance for the physical design and safety assessment of the reactor. 相似文献
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Knowledge of neutron spectra In nuclear reactors allows comparison of various theories of the slowing down of neutrons with experiment, and also allows carrying out reactor calculations which are based on actual neutron distributions therein. In this paper is described a neutron intensity monochtomator Intended for the measurement of neutron spectra in the energy interval 0 to 0.5 ev.Results are given for measurements for neutron spectra in the thermal column of the reactor of an atomic power station. Discontinuities in the neutron flux were discovered at neutron velocities of 600, 1000 and 1650 m/sec; an analysis is given of the causes of discontinuities of the neutron flux; an evaluation is made of the inelastic scattering cross section for neutrons in graphite. By the method of least squares, the temperature of the neutron gas was found, being equal to 354 ° K at a graphite temperature of 304 ° K.In conclusion we consider it our duty to express gratitude to A. K. Krasin and B. G. Dubovskii for interest and help in the work and F. L. shapiro for valuable interpretation of previous results. 相似文献
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不确定度分析是活化法测量中子能谱的关键环节。本文针对SAND-Ⅱ活化中子解谱过程,给出了一种基于先验谱、活化率和截面协方差的中子能谱测量不确定度蒙特卡罗分析方法。首先,建立了基于线性变换的截面协方差抽样方法;然后,利用MCNP计算了误差,使用迭代方法估计了先验谱不确定度;最后,结合活化率的测量不确定度,利用蒙特卡罗抽样算法计算了中子能谱的不确定度。利用锎源自发裂变谱对该方法进行了验证,与传统方法相比,不确定度分析结果更为准确。对西安脉冲堆某次中子能谱测量结果进行了测量不确定度分析,结果表明该方法更具保守性。 相似文献