一种改进的亚像素算法

传统的灰度重心法是一种用于对称目标的亚像素定位技术,但其抗噪声性能较差。针对这一问题,本文提出一种改进算法,通过将目标区域划分成内部像素区域和边缘像素区域两部分,并对内部像素灰度进行均值化,从而有效抑制内部像素噪声。同时,利用误差理论对改进算法的不确定性进行分析。最后,通过仿真实验验证了改进算法的正确性,并表明改进算法有更好的噪声抑制性能。     

Improved noise-immune phase-unwrapping algorithm

An algorithm for unwrapping noisy phase maps has recently been proposed, based on the identification of discontinuity sources that mark the start or end of a 2π phase discontinuity. Branch cuts between sources act as barriers to unwrapping, resulting in a unique phase map that is independent of the unwrapping route. We investigate four methods for optimizing the placement of the cuts. A modified nearest neighbor approach is found to be the most successful and can reliably unwrap unfiltered speckle-interferometry phase maps with discontinuity source densities of 0.05 sources pixel(-1).     

Improved fast fractional-Fourier-transform algorithm

Through the optimization of the main interval of the fractional order, an improved fast algorithm for numerical calculation of the fractional Fourier transforms is proposed. With this improved algorithm, the fractional Fourier transforms of a rectangular function and a Gaussian function are calculated. Its calculation errors are compared with those calculated with the previously published algorithm, and the results show that the calculation accuracy of the improved algorithm is much higher.     

混合高斯参数估计的动态簇算法

混合高斯概率密度模型可以很好地拟合非高斯样本的概率密度。在各高斯分量概率密度互不重叠的条件下,使用动态簇算法可以快速而精确地估计出混合高斯概率密度模型参数。这是一种基于最小均方差原则的递推算法,在正向推导出各种可能的簇边界后,再根据确定的最末边界值逆向推定各前导簇边界,从而得到混合高斯概率密度模型参数估计值。描述模型及参数估计问题之后,动态簇算法被推导出来。然后深入探讨了该算法的实质及适用条件。最后结合数值仿真实例,分析了动态簇算法的估计性能。     

基于改进高斯混合模型的运动物体的图像检测

传统的高斯混合模型在RGB色彩空间只对孤立像素建模,检测结果不够准确,存在拖影现象,检测到的运动物体内部容易出现空洞.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种改进的高斯混合模型.该方法从更符合人眼视觉特性的HSV色彩空间对中心像素和周边像素构成的向量进行建模,改善了原算法的性能;利用彩色分割算法提取连通区域,充分地利用了运动物体的彩色信息,并基于Phong物体光照模型进行了阴影抑制,提高了传统高斯混合模型检测的准确性.实验结果表明,与传统高斯混合模型相比,本算法能更精确地检测出运动物体,对光照变化和阴影具有鲁棒性.     

PCNN赋时矩阵高斯噪声滤除算法

为消除图像降噪过程中传统降噪方法对图像边缘和细节的影响,提出一种基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural network,PCNN)赋时矩阵的有效滤除高斯噪声算法。该算法将PCNN模型的突触联结强度改进为随神经元与其周围神经元相似程度不同而变化的可变值,并将PCNN神经元的点火时间记录在赋时矩阵中,根据点火时刻判断噪声点,选择滤波方式。实验结果表明:该算法能够有效去除高斯噪声,具有较强的降噪性能及很好的边缘与细节保护能力。     

MIE散射系数的改进算法

提出一种新的计算MIE散射系数的算法。该算法使用了改进的后向递推公式,可对MIE系数中的消光系数Kext和散射系数Ksca进行精确计算。由于新算法能显著地减少计算循环次数,因此明显缩短了计算时间。对广泛运用的递推法和连分式法进行了比较详细的讨论。并且把新算法的计算结果和已有的成果进行了比较。结果表明:(1)计算的循环次数与粒子的复折射率基本没有关系;(2)连分式得到的结果通常最准确;(3)新算法在尺度系数较大时(>1000),计算时间仅为连分式算法的10-2~10-3,计算的误差小于10-5;(4)算法的适用范围广,对于尺度系数从10-6到106,复折射率从从10-6到106都能很好地进行计算。     

一种改进的随机圆检测算法

提出了一种用于圆检测的改进随机算法。首先利用4-邻接优先的八方向跟踪方法对边缘图像中的边缘像素进行跟踪形成一系列边缘链,然后从每段边缘中随机选取3个边缘像素并通过定义一个距离准则来判定这三个点能否确定一个候选圆。确定候选圆后,利用证据积累的方法进一步判断该候选圆是否为真正的圆。在证据积累过程中,无需对候选圆外接正方形之外的像素进行平方运算,只需进行简单的比较运算。通过对真实图像进行了圆检测实验,结果表明,该算法具有准确率高、速度快的优点。     

改进的混合粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群算法后期收敛速度较慢,易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了改进的混合粒子群算法.通过更改现有的速度更新公式,加入扰动项,以及引入交叉和变异算子等措施,改进了粒子群算法的性能.数值试验表明,改进后的粒子群算法在全局寻优和局部寻优能力上均得到提高,是一种有效的优化算法.     

一种广义的自适应相干累积算法

根据最小均方误差算法（LMS）、自适应相干累积算法（ACI）及推广的自适应相干累积算法（Generalized Adaptive Coherent Integrator,GACI）在原理上的相关性和推广关系,提出了广义的自适应相干累积算法（IGACI）。以GACI为基础,在权系数迭代公式中引入更多的动量因子,即利用权系数的更多的历史信息,使被检测的单频或调频脉冲信号,在脉冲持续期间实现自适应相干累积,从而完成低输入信噪比条件下的信号检测,而无需或很少需要知道信号的先验信息。理论分析和仿真结果证明在低信噪比情况下,其性能优于GACI算法。     

Improved piecewise orthogonal signal correction algorithm

Piecewise orthogonal signal correction (POSC), an algorithm that performs local orthogonal filtering, was recently developed to process spectral signals. POSC was shown to improve partial leastsquares regression models over models built with conventional OSC. However, rank deficiencies within the POSC algorithm lead to artifacts in the filtered spectra when removing two or more POSC components. Thus, an updated OSC algorithm for use with the piecewise procedure is reported. It will be demonstrated how the mathematics of this updated OSC algorithm were derived from the previous version and why some OSC versions may not be as appropriate to use with the piecewise modeling procedure as the algorithm reported here.     

Model-based far-field alignment algorithm for Gaussian beamlike single-mode optical devices

Single-mode device-to-fiber alignment automation is usually achieved with a classical mathematical optimization approach. We present a different approach, which is based on the identification of particular intrinsic characteristics of the coupled optical power and on estimating residual axial, transverse, and angular misalignments in the far field. Such a model-based approach is based on the physical nature of the optical coupling phenomenon and can replace or be complementary to already known automated alignment methods. An alignment algorithm is described and validated experimentally using two single-mode fibers as Gaussian beam emitter and receiver.     

高斯型点扩展函数估计的最近邻算法

本文针对计算光学切片中的最近邻算法提出了一种改进算法.通过小波变换计算出高斯点扩展函数的方差值,再根据相邻图像成像及高斯函数特性,得出所需的高斯型层间点扩展函数.同时,文章还给出了两种高斯型层间点扩展函数方差的获得方式及获得过程,对最近邻算法中的加权因子的取值范围做出了讨论,对传统的最近邻算法做出了改进.实验表明,本算法能够更有效地复原符合最近邻要求的切片图像.在点扩展函数未知的情况下,复原效果要优于传统方法.     

基于高斯尺度空间的尺度参数自适应算法研究

以屋脊型边缘和阶梯型边缘的特征作为图像的信息度量依据,研究了图像信息量随尺度参数变化而变化的规律,并基于视觉特征模型提出了一种高斯尺度参数的自适应算法.该算法通过使尺度空间信息量在每层均匀分布来实现尺度参数的自适应变化,避免了在尺度空间的构造过程中因计算过于复杂或因丢弃过多关键信息而造成失真过大的问题.实验结果显示,该算法能有效地抑制噪声,从而为图像的高层次处理如目标识别等奠定了基础.     

Improved algorithm for simulations of divergent-light halos

Divergent-light halos are produced when light from nearby light sources is scattered by ice crystals in the atmosphere. We present a theory of divergent-light halos leading to an improved algorithm for the simulation of such halos. Contrary to the algorithm that we presented earlier for simulating such halos, the new algorithm includes a mathematically rigorous weighting of the events. The computer implementation is very compact, and the whole procedure is elegant and conceptually easy to understand. We also present a new simulation atlas showing halos produced by crystals of different shapes and orientations for a set of elevations of the light source.     

一种改进多尺度形态边缘检测算法

提出一种改进的多尺度形态边缘检测算法。用不同尺度大小的结构元素分别检测出图像的不同尺寸的边缘信息,运用本文提出的基于直方图配准的自适应方法对所获不同尺寸的图像边缘进行融合,获得理想的图像边缘,有效地消除了噪声。实验结果表明当图像中加入了强度超过20％的椒盐噪声后,检测到的边缘仍然非常清晰。     

基于连续函数优化的禁忌搜索算法

提出了一种连续禁忌搜索算法,用于求解连续函数优化问题.邻域规则及禁忌规则是禁忌搜索算法的核心,针对连续函数解空间的连续性,提出了一种邻域分割法来进行邻域搜索,并对禁忌规则进行了设计.通过经典函数测试可以看出,禁忌搜索算法在连续函数优化问题中显示出很强的"爬山"能力,优化结果与实际最优值非常接近,是一种有效的全局优化算法.     

一种改进的Snake眼睛边缘检测算法

提出了一种应用于彩色图像的改进的Snake眼睛边缘检测算法.该算法首先将输入图像从RGB空间转换到YCbCr和YCb'Cr'空间,依据肤色点在Cb'Cr'空间中的聚类性提取人脸候选区域;然后通过在人脸候选区域上生成眼睛图(EyeMap)提取眼睛候选区域并计算候选区域Cr2图像的距离势能力场.采用两段首尾相连的抛物线进行初始化并从外部对Cr2图像的距离势能力场进行活动轮廓模型(Snake)匹配,在匹配过程中不断进行修正使检测结果更接近真实边缘.实验结果证明,该算法能精确地检测出眼睛的边缘并节省匹配时间.     

Improved genetic algorithm for mixed-discrete-continuous design optimization problems

An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is presented to solve the mixed-discrete-continuous design optimization problems. The IGA approach combines the traditional genetic algorithm with the experimental design method. The experimental design method is incorporated in the crossover operations to systematically select better genes to tailor the crossover operations in order to find the representative chromosomes to be the new potential offspring, so that the IGA approach possesses the merit of global exploration and obtains better solutions. The presented IGA approach is effectively applied to solve one structural and five mechanical engineering problems. The computational results show that the presented IGA approach can obtain better solutions than both the GA-based and the particle-swarm-optimizer-based methods reported recently.     

基于特征值分解的随机子空间算法研究

针对基于数据驱动的随机子空间法计算效率低下的问题,提出一种基于特征值分解的随机子空间算法,该方法通过对ＣＨ矩阵的特征值分解得到扩展可观测矩阵Ｔｍｉ,进而识别出系统模态参数。相比于传统算法,该算法免去了对Ｈａｎｋｌ矩阵的ＱＲ分解及投影矩阵的ＳＶＤ运算,从而大大节省了内存和计算时间。通过一个７自由度的数值仿真和重庆朝天门大桥模型的实例分析证明该方法在保持计算精度的情况下大幅度地提升了计算效率。