基于开源技术的WoMANO技术架构研究

国内外有影响力的标准组织近年来纷纷成立专门的工作组来开展NFV的相关标准研究。文章对NFV标准组织近几年的研究成果以及NFV标准组织的最新进展进行了介绍。NFV架构主要包括NFVI、VNF和MANO三大功能模块以及子功能模块,NFV在增加通信网络灵活性的同时对网络管理和编排提出新的功能需求。基于欧洲电信标准组织网络功能虚拟化架构、功能、最新标准现状和业界进展,针对NFV管理和编排具体需求,文章分析NFV中的网络服务编排管理模块、虚拟化网络功能管理模块、虚拟资源管理模块、视图管理模块及其开源支撑技术,结合中国联通网络业务特点,给出一种Wo MANO技术架构,为运营商开展NFV实践提供技术参考。     

NFV关键技术与应用场景

对运营商而言,网络功能虚拟化(NFV)的目标是通过虚拟化实现网络设备的软硬件解耦,通过云化实现硬件资源的共享和系统规模的弹性伸缩,从而支撑电信业务的持续创新和快速上线。对 NFV 虚拟化架构及关键技术进行了介绍,总结了面向电信运营商的 NFV 典型应用场景,以推进电信网络虚拟化技术的研发及落地。     

运营商NFV落地之困采用商用软件还是自主研发?

目前,NFV的主要目标是实现传统网络、网元设备的软硬件分离、网元功能的软件化、可以进行云化、按需动态伸缩、自动化部署和编排以及将来实现智能化网络运营. 采用商用软件和自主研发各有利弊 NFV的总体趋势是底层硬件实现相对通用化,采用虚拟化技术、容器技术、分布式架构技术,实现对底层通用设备的共享、调度、弹性和可扩展,向上为VNF(虚拟网络功能,即网络功能的软件实现形式)按需提供自动化配置的资源,这意味着NFV具备3个方面的关键特征.     

基于SDN/NFV技术的弹性网络架构

首先介绍传统电信网络存在的问题和SDN/NFV(软件定义网络/网络功能虚拟化)的特征,在此基础上,阐述一种基于SDN/NFV技术的弹性网络架构的解决方案,并对其应用场景和优势进行探讨。该方案对运营商改进现有网络及向未来电信网络的演进具有一定参考价值。     

基于SDN和NFV的5G移动通信网络架构分析

软件定义网络以及网络功能虚拟化是当前业界研究的重点,为了实现移动通信网络架构的优化,需要对当前网络中存在的问题进行总结,充分发挥出SDN、NFV的技术优势,基于SDN、NFV理论对移动网络架构进行深入研究,明确后期的设计思路.本文首先对5G移动通信技术进行分析,其次基于SDN和NFV建立5G移动通信网络架构,然后提出该架构功能的具体实现路径,供相关人士参考.     

5G核心网服务化架构研究

随着软件定义网络(SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)技术在移动核心网的应用,传统4GEPC正逐渐实现软硬件解耦,并将以服务化架构(SBA)为目标进行自我重构。文章主要分析研究5GCSBA架构的相关技术、特点及重要功能,为运营商核心网向5GCSBA架构的演进部署提供参考。     

基于SDN和NFV的直播集群设计与实现

针对当前直播系统并发性能低下,结合软件定义网络(Software Defined Networking,SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(Network Function Virtualization,NFV)技术的新型网络技术快速演进,在综合考虑直播集群技术优势的基础上,设计并实现了基于SDN网络和NFV技术架构的Red5直播集群,并在实际环境中跟传统网络架构的Red5集群系统性能进行对比测试.测试结果表明,此直播集群系统比传统网络架构的Red5集群系统并发性高.     

基于SDN与NFV的融合网络架构研究

在对SDN(软件定义网络)和NFV(网络功能虚拟化)的背景及特征进行分析的基础上,将SDN的集中控制管理与NFV的网络功能虚拟化充分融合,对基于SDN与NFV的融合网络架构进行研究。引入融合架构开放接口有利于架构创新,同时可加快应用及服务的更新上线速度,提高网络效率及资源利用率,对通信网络未来的发展具有重要意义。     

网络功能虚拟化及其标准化

基于欧洲电信标准组织(ETSI)网络功能虚拟化(NFV)架构、功能,从运营商的视角分析了运营商引入NFV的切入点以及多种虚拟化技术路线,并给出了技术路线选择和演进方向建议。NFV在引入了灵活性的同时也带来了管理、运维方面的问题和挑战,通过抛砖引玉的方式对NFV面临的问题和挑战进行了分析,期望推进相关问题的解决,加速NFV的商用部署。     

电信云网络架构及对云网融合的要求

电信网络虚拟化对电信运营商来讲是挑战和机遇并存,如何实现传统网络向SDN/NFV新网络的转型,成为摆在运营商面前的一道难题。为帮助运营商提升网络运维效率,降低运维成本,提高产业竞争力,文章从云网融合环境以及电信云特点等方面对其网络架构和部署要求进行了分析和归纳,认为电信云是基于虚拟化、云计算等技术实现云网融合的一个场景,以NFV、SDN为主要技术,并结合电信云网络的特点开发网络功能,可以构建一个资源可全局调度、能力可全面开放、容量可弹性伸缩、架构可灵活调整的云化平台;电信云所需的自动化网络功能,是构建该云化平台的关键技术之一,它保证了运营商网络在云化转型过程中多个层面的网元之间通信的自动化调整、运维和网络安全防护。文章可以为运营商研制电信网络虚拟化方案提供参考和借鉴,促使运营商最终实现网络的软化和云化。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first