Performance of impulse radio direct sequence ultra-wideband system with variable-length spreading sequences

An adaptive transmission scheme using variable-length spreading sequences (VLSS) is proposed. The system is based on an impulse direct sequence ultra-wideband (DS-UWB) approach for wireless communication where the number of active users is variable. In contrast to the conventional DS-UWB system, which employs a fixed length spreading code, the proposed system changes the length of spreading code according to the system load adaptively, which is proven to be able to reduce the inter-chip interference, inter-symbol interference and multiple-access interference and thus improve the system performance in terms of bit error rate. The proposed system is simulated in multipath channels with a high level of multipath fragments, modelled by the standard IEEE 802.15.3a indoor channel model 1 (CM1) and channel model 2 (CM2). Numerical results demonstrate that when RAKE receivers are employed, the proposed VLSS DS-UWB system outperforms the conventional system by appropriately allocating the spreading sequences.     

Blind adaptive and iterative interference cancellation receiver structures based on the constant modulus criterion in multipath channels

Blind adaptive and iterative interference cancellation (IC) receiver structures for direct sequence code division multiple access systems in multipath channels are proposed. A code-constrained constant modulus design criterion based on constrained optimisation techniques and adaptive algorithms for receiver and channel parameter estimation are described for successive IC (SIC) and parallel IC (PIC) detectors and a new hybrid IC (HIC) scheme in scenarios subject to multipath fading. The proposed HIC structure combines the strengths of linear, SIC and PIC receivers and is shown to outperform the conventional linear, SIC and PIC structures. A novel iterative detection approach that generates different cancellation orders and selects the most likely symbol estimate on the basis of the instantaneous minimum constant modulus criterion is also proposed and combined with the new HIC structure to further enhance performance. Simulation results for an uplink scenario assess the algorithms, the proposed blind adaptive IC detectors against existing receivers and evaluate the effects of error propagation of the new cancellation techniques.     

On improving the performance of a matched filter in a multipath channel

Abstract

In transmitting a signal via a multipath channel, the subsidiary signals carried by this channel could be useful in some applications. In this paper, a general theorem on optimally combining a certain number of related signals using diversity techanique is first cited. An adaptive technique suitable for a matched filter operating in a Rayleigh fading multipath channel is then proposed according to this theorem. This scheme can be further simplified under large output signal‐to‐noise ratio assumption.     

虚拟时间反转镜PDS水声通信双向均衡方案

虚拟时间反转镜（Virtual Time Reversal Mirror,VTRM）引导了空间聚焦和信道均衡,将其应用在Pattern时延差编码（Pattern Time Delay Shift Coding,PDS）水声通信体制,构成VTRM-PDS系统,可增强抗多途干扰的能力。但当通信节点间存在缓慢运动,即信道缓慢时变时,在一帧信号中,信道均衡的效果会随时间逐渐降低,产生失配现象。提出了双向均衡方案,在没有信道先验知识的前提下,通过前向和后向信道均衡,充分利用探测信号和信道信息,提高了信道均衡效果。湖试结果证明了该方案的优越性。     

广义多载波系统中基于双循环自适应时隙结构的空时联合检测

广义多载波并行传输方案是一种宽子带方案,每个子带带宽达到1.28MHz且子带交叠在-15dB以下.这种多载波结构能够有效地克服多载波系统的峰均比问题和对频偏的敏感度.首先给出了广义多载波并行传输方案的数字基带模型.为了便于信道估计和信号检测,设计了一种双循环的自适应时隙结构,基于该结构设计了频域均衡空时联合检测器,并证明它是最小均方误差准则下的最优检测器.最后在ITU M.1225信道下计算机仿真证明了该方案在宽带移动通信环境中的有效性.     

Statistical adaptive modulation with TCOI-Tx

If a channel fades fast and the feedback rate of a wireless communication system is low, exploiting long-term channel statistics at the transmitter is more often practical than exploiting instantaneous channel state information. Statistical adaptive modulation scheme based on tap correlation information at the transmitter assuming an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with fast mobiles has been proposed. The proposed scheme improves the system performance compared with uniform bit loading scheme. It has been shown that at low SNR, statistical adaptive modulation applied to a channel with high tap correlation results in better performance than that applied to a channel without tap correlation     

Cramer-Rao lower bound for data-aided and non-data-aided synchronisation of ultra-wideband signals with clock offset

The Cramer?Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the data-aided (DA) and non-data-aided (NDA) estimation of ultra-wideband (UWB) multipath channel parameters has been previously derived in the literature based on the assumption of a perfectly synchronised clock frequency between the transmitter and the receiver. These results are extended by considering the practical case where there is an initial unknown clock frequency offset that needs to be jointly estimated as part of a successful acquisition of the UWB signal. Intuitively, the additional uncertainty of the clock offset should inflate the CRLB for the estimation of the UWB channel parameters. However, as shown here, this is only valid for a small number of multipath components. As the number of multipath components is increased, the inflation of the CRLB of the channel parameter estimation because of the unknown clock offset becomes negligible. This is of practical significance for UWB propagation channels as they are typically characterised by a large number of multipath components.     

Adaptive code-division multiple-access system for communications over indoor wireless optical channels based on random optical codes

The authors have designed an adaptive optical codes-based system for communications over the indoor wireless optical channel when large numbers of users access to the channel simultaneously. This system uses a code-division multiple access (CDMA) scheme based on the named random optical codes (ROC). The authors present the characteristics of this kind of optical codes and several results about its performance over noisy indoor wireless optical channels. Finally, the authors describe a CDMA system which adapts its performance to the number of users which are accessing simultaneously to the channel. The proposed system is able to maintain a target bit error rate adapting its data throughput independently of the number of simultaneous users in the optical environment, whenever certain conditions are accomplished.     

基于服务曲线的TDMA无线网络上行信道时隙调度算法

研究了采用TDMA接入方式的无线分组网络上行信道时隙分配策略,基于移动台的QoS要求,提出了一种自适应时隙分配算法。利用服务曲线对移动台的QoS要求进行了建模。算法的目标是在尽量满足所有移动台Qos要求的基础上提高系统的上行吞吐量。在无法满足所有移动台QoS要求的情况下,使得移动台实际发送的数据与满足服务曲线要求之间的偏差最小。仿真结果表明：该算法能够在系统吞吐量和系统偏差之间进行折衷,从而有效地平衡上述两个目标。     

Adaptive two-dimensional microgas chromatography

We proposed and investigated a novel adaptive two-dimensional (2-D) microgas chromatography system, which consists of one 1st-dimensional column, multiple parallel 2nd-dimensional columns, and a decision-making module. The decision-making module, installed between the 1st- and 2nd-dimensional columns, normally comprises an on-column nondestructive vapor detector, a flow routing system, and a computer that monitors the detection signal from the detector and sends out the trigger signal to the flow routing system. During the operation, effluents from the 1st-dimensional column are first detected by the detector and, then, depending on the signal generated by the detector, routed to one of the 2nd-dimensional columns sequentially for further separation. As compared to conventional 2-D GC systems, the proposed adaptive GC scheme has a number of unique and advantageous features. First and foremost, the multiple parallel columns are independent of each other. Therefore, their length, stationary phase, flow rate, and temperature can be optimized for best separation and maximal versatility. In addition, the adaptive GC significantly lowers the thermal modulator modulation frequency and hence power consumption. Finally, it greatly simplifies the postdata analysis process required to reconstruct the 2-D chromatogram. In this paper, the underlying working principle and data analysis of the adaptive GC was first discussed. Then, separation of a mixture of 20 analytes with various volatilities and polarities was demonstrated using an adaptive GC system with a single 2nd-dimensional column. Finally, an adaptive GC system with dual 2nd-dimensional columns was employed, in conjunction with temperature ramping, in a practical application to separate a mixture of plant emitted volatile organic compounds with significantly shortened analysis time.     

稀疏多径信道自适应均衡算法研究

针对传统自适应均衡算法在稀疏多径信道中性能较差的问题,提出了一种基于l₂-范数的自适应均衡算法。该算法利用稀疏多径信道下均衡器权值的稀疏性,将自适应均衡器的训练过程看作压缩感知理论中稀疏信号对字典的加权求和,以解决迭代参数的设置及收敛速度慢的问题。该算法将l₂-范数和压缩感知相结合,不仅提高了权值的精度,而且降低了计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,该算法计算量小,训练序列少,具有较好的性能,对提高系统的通信性能具有参考价值。     

基于双信号对比法的水声信号重构技术

针对水声信道的多途干扰问题,提出了一种适合同态系统的信号重构方法。从同态滤波技术的解卷积特性出发,推导了水声多途信道的复倒谱表达式,对比不同地点或不同时刻接收信号的倒谱特征,通过提取相似性高的成分,实现了基于双信号对比法的水声信号重构技术。仿真和试验数据处理结果验证了方法的有效性,且性能优于常规特征滤波器。     

基于OFDM的大气激光通信湍流抑制关键技术研究

文章在分析无线激光通信(FSO)存在两种主要的大气信道问题的基础上,针对激光大气信道问题尤其是在复杂湍流环境下的频率选择性衰落问题和多径效应问题,提出了基于正交频分复用(OFDM)的湍流效应抑制方法,构建了FSO-OFDM系统,研究了该系统的基带模型以及信号的多载波调制与解调方法。分析了无线激光通信中存在复杂湍流环境下的大气信道问题,讨论了大气湍流影响下的平面波激光通信系统模型,建立了大气湍流影响下对数正态湍流通道的高斯光束空间光通信系统模型,推导了光波强度的概率密度函数,研究了利用信噪比概率密度函数分析各种大气湍流效应对系统性能影响的方法;设计了无线光通信系统的OFDM多载波调制方案,构建了FSO-OFDM系统基带模式模型,并基于该模型研究了其信号的调制与解调原理。最后,采用MATLAB编程实现FSO-OFDM系统,对多径干扰下的FSO通信系统进行仿真实验,进行了不同保护间隔下的误码率特性实验,验证了FSO-OFDM系统具有很强的抗多径干扰和频谱选择性衰落能力以及良好的BER性能,可有效解决码间干扰大、链路不可靠的问题,具有非常广泛的应用前景和使用价值。     

一种基于贝叶斯正交匹配追踪的水下多径稀疏信道估计方法

使用训练序列构成的测量矩阵并采用稀疏恢复算法是近年来常用的多径稀疏信道估计思路。提出一种贝叶斯匹配追踪算法的正交化改进方法,有效地改善了原方法的收敛速度,并将其应用于水下多径稀疏信道估计。进行了新方法的理论推导和两种水下稀疏信道模型中的仿真试验,进而与传统贪婪迭代和贝叶斯估计方法的估计效果进行了对比。仿真结果证明,所提出的新方法比原方法的收敛速度更快,能更高效地进行多径稀疏信道估计。新方法在低信噪比和呈簇状集中分布的水下多径稀疏信道中也有更好的估计效果。     

Iterative reduced-state decoding for coded partial-response channels

The conventional iterative decoding based on the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm rises exponentially in terms of channel memory length. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity soft-input/soft-output (SISO) channel detector based on tentative hard estimates fed back from the outer decoder in the previous iteration. The computational complexity of the proposed detector is polynomial in terms of the channel memory length. To demonstrate the performance/complexity tradeoff of the proposed detector, we present simulation results for 9-tap, 11-tap, and 12-tap channels. We show that the proposed detector significantly reduces the computational complexity with only slight performance degradation compared to the full-complexity BCJR algorithm.     

Channel estimation and interference cancellation in CP?CDMA systems

A novel iterative channel estimation approach is proposed for cyclic prefix-code division multiple access systems. Code-multiplexed pilots are used for channel estimation while maintaining bandwidth efficiency. The proposed method achieves a significant improvement when compared to the conventional correlation approach by reconstructing data signals for channel estimation. Simulation results demonstrate good estimation capability with an allocation of only 10% of the whole power to the pilot channel. In addition, an integrated channel estimator and parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detector are proposed. Data signals are reconstructed for channel estimation while the interference contributed by different data channels as well as the pilot channel are regenerated and subtracted from the received signal at the final stage. The channel estimation error reduces at each iteration and the PIC at the last stage enables further bit error rate performance improvement to be achieved for the system. The performance of the proposed scheme is studied through simulations and results verify its effectiveness     

一种改进LS信道估计算法在稀疏多径水声信道中的应用

为了消除水声正交频分复用调制(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)系统中噪声对稀疏多径信道估计的影响,提出了一种改进的最小二乘(Least-Square,LS)信道估计算法。该方法在传统基于离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)插值的信道估计结构上进行了改进,得到了基于阈值探测的DFT插值信道估计方法,该方法将小于阈值的时域信道响应置零,探测最有效信道抽头,有效消除噪声干扰的影响。仿真结果验证了DFT插值在稀疏多径水声信道估计中的实用性;得到了当循环前缀长度与信道长度越接近时信道估计性能(Bit Error Rate,BER)越好的结论;确定了在两种调制方式下算法的阈值系数范围;且该新算法与已有算法所需的信噪比可低约2 d B,解决了用循环前缀长度来近似信道真实长度的实际问题。     

Switched diversity approach for multireceiving optical wireless systems

A number of existing spatial diversity schemes have been shown to improve the performance of optical wireless communication systems in diversity-rich environments. Among all, switched diversity has low complexity and is simple to implement. In this paper, an innovative spatial diversity scheme based on switched diversity is proposed. The scheme, namely switch-to-dominant combining, contributes to a higher bit error rate (BER) performance when compared to conventional switched diversity schemes, including switch-and-stay and switch-and-examine diversity. The optical multireceiver wireless system operates in a spatially correlated and lognormally distributed fading channel. Analytical analyses are conducted to demonstrate BER and processing load performance offered by the new scheme and compare them to available schemes, i.e., conventional switched combining and selection combining.     

Robust phased array receiver for multipath code-division multiple access communication systems

The problem of estimating information symbols transmitted through non-Gaussian multipath CDMA wireless channels with a phased array is considered. First, a robust detector based on the minimax robust estimation theory is proposed. This proposed robust technique has a decreased sensitivity of the estimates with respect to an actually unknown distribution of random noises and interferences. Then, the estimation accuracy of information signals is analysed by Monte Carlo simulation of this direction-of-arrival estimationbased robust detector in multipath scenario.     

Improved Hybrid Precoding Technique with Low-Resolution for MIMO-OFDM System

This paper proposes an improved hybrid beamforming system based on multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system. The proposed beamforming system improves energy efficiency compared to the conventional hybrid beamforming system. Both sub-connected and full-connected structure are considered to apply the proposed algorithm. In the conventional hybrid beamforming, the usage of radio frequency (RF) chains and phase shifter (PS) gives high power and hardware complexity. In this paper, the phase over sampling (POS) with switches (SW) is used in hybrid beamforming system to improve the energy efficiency. The POS-SW structure samples the value of analog beamformer to make lower resolution than conventional system. The number of output data in POS is decided by the resolution of POS system. The limited number of POS decides the resolution of antenna array and the values of POSs are designed from maximum and minimum phase angle antenna array. Energy efficiency without the phase shifter is high although channel capacity is nearly similar with conventional system. Also, the amplifier with POS-SW system is proposed to improve the BER performance. According to the data bits, the output signals of POS are decided. The system with 2, 3 and 4 bits is simulated to prove the proposed algorithm. In order to overcome the loss of low-resolution system, the amplifier with POS-SW system using channel information is proposed. The average sum-rate of 4 bits system shows the similar performance with the conventional hybrid beamforming system. This structure can play an important role by increasing the energy efficiency of the wireless communication system that many antennas are used. It is shown that the BER, average sum rate and energy efficiency of the proposed scheme are more improved than the conventional hybrid beamforming system.