Sulfate resistance of blended cements containing fly ash and rice husk ash

In this paper, the sulfate resistance of mortars made from ordinary Portland cement containing available pozzolans viz., fly ash and ground rice husk ash (RHA) was studied. Class F lignite fly ash and RHA were used at replacement dosages of 20 and 40% by weight of cement. Expansion of mortar prisms immersed in 5% sodium sulfate solution and the change in the pH values of the solution were monitored. The incorporation of fly ash and RHA reduced the expansion of the mortar bars and the pH values of the solutions. RHA was found to be more effective than fly ash. Examination of the fractured surface of mortar prisms, after a period of immersion, by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that sulfate attack of blended cement mortars was restricted owing to the reductions in calcium hydroxide and C/S ratio of the C–S–H gel in the blended cement mortar. In comparison to Portland cement mortar, less calcium sulfate and much less ettringite formations were found in the mortars made from blended cement containing RHA. The amounts of calcium sulfate and ettringite found in the blended cement mortar containing fly ash were also small but were slightly more than those of RHA mortar. Up to 40% of Portland cement could be replaced with these pozzolans in making blended cement with good sulfate resistance.     

高性能混凝土的氯离子渗透性和导电量

本文对不同水胶比高性能砂浆和混凝土,内掺不同类型的矿物质粉体,在标养条件下,测定了56d和90d龄期的导电量,在相同水胶比下,混凝土的导电量远远低于砂浆的导电量;含矿物质粉体的砂浆或混凝土的导电量均低于基准砂浆或基准混凝土的导电量,导电量随龄期的增长而降低,也随着水胶比的降低而降低。     

掺高效减水剂水泥砂浆的早期开裂研究

采用多通道椭圆环收缩开裂试验、自由收缩试验和强度试验综合评价了萘系（UNF）、聚羧酸类（PC）高效减水剂对水泥砂浆体积稳定性及早期开裂的影响．结果表明,高效减水剂的掺入延长了水泥砂浆的初始开裂时间,从而降低了水泥砂浆的开裂敏感性．高效减水剂降低水泥砂浆开裂敏感性的效果为：聚羧酸类〉高浓型萘系〉普通型萘系．掺高效减水弃1均增大了水泥砂浆的自由收缩值,且水泥砂浆自由收缩值随着高效减水剂掺量的增加而增大．高效减水剂控制水泥砂浆体积稳定性的效果为：聚羧酸类〉普通型萘系〉高浓型萘系．聚羧酸类高效减水剂的掺入减小了水泥砂浆的最大裂纹宽度,而萘系高效减水剂的掺入则加快了水泥砂浆最大裂纹宽度的发展速度．在干燥养护条件下,掺聚羧酸类高效减水剂比掺萘系高效减水剂更能有效地提高水泥砂浆28d的强度．     

砌筑砂浆对蒸压加气混凝土砌体力学性能的影响

研究普通砌筑砂浆、保水砌筑砂浆、薄层砌筑砂浆和保温砌筑砂浆等4种砌筑砂浆对B04、B06级蒸压加气混凝土砌体力学性能的影响。结果表明,使用较高保水率的砌筑砂浆能明显提高砌体的轴心抗压强度、通缝抗剪强度等力学性能。相比于普通砌筑砂浆,薄层砌筑砂浆使B04和B06级砌体的通缝抗剪强度分别提高116%和100%,砌体轴心抗压强度分别提高30%和61%。同时采用扫描电子显微镜观察经载荷破坏后的砌体与砌筑砂浆界面的微观形貌,进而分析了不同砌筑砂浆对蒸压加气混凝土砌体力学性能的作用机理。     

Mixed cement containing fly ash for masonry and plastering work

A class-F fly ash was used in making masonry mortars suitable for brick joints and for plastering. The mortars were made of a locally produced mixed cement and fly ash at 20% and 40% cement replacement with and without the addition of an air entraining agent/plasticiser. The testing programme includes the determination of water demand, relations between water-to-binder ratio and flow, setting time, air content, water retention, compressive strength and flexural strength.The obtained results suggest that fairly coarse grade class-F fly ash can be incorporated into mortars as replacement of the mixed cement for joint and plastering. The main concern is the low water retention which would be minimized by using a better grade/finer fly ash or by incorporation of plasticiser. Mixed cement containing 20–40% fly ash can be used to make Type N or Type S mortars. Furthermore, relations between flow values and water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mixed cement containing fly ash are developed as a practical aid for selection and formulation of mortar for brick construction and rendering/plastering.     

Prüfkörperabdichtung und der Wasserabsorptionskoeffizient von mit Polypropylenfasern modifizierten Zementmörteln

Insulation of samples and water sorption coefficient of cement mortars modified with polypropylene fibres. In the following paper are shown results of water capillary suction in cement mortars prepared in accordance with 18 different recipes. All the mortars were prepared using natural quartz sand 0 to 2 mm. The mortars were varied with the use of two different cements and two different water‐cement ratios w/c, namely clean cement CEM I 42.5 R at w/c = 0.55 and ash cement CEM II/B‐V 32.5 R at w/c = 0.55 and w/c = 0.45. These mortars were modified by adding three types of polypropylene fibres with five lengths ranging from 3 to 38 mm. All samples were insulated against humidity on the side surfaces to ensure the one‐way water flow during the execution of this experiment. In relation to each type of mortar two different types of insulation were used: a silicone coat and polyethylene foil. The comparative analysis received served to evaluate the scale of reaction to the sorption coefficient A of such factors as: the type of cement, the w/c ratio, the type and length of fibres and the type of humidity insulation. It appeared that this last factor exerted a major effect on the course of the process, and equally on the A parameter when described in terms of quantity.     

PB-g-PS胶乳改性水泥砂浆的性能

利用氧化还原引发体系,采用半连续乳液接枝共聚的方法合成了聚丁二烯接枝聚苯乙烯(PB-g-PS)接枝共聚胶乳,其中聚丁二烯(PB)与聚苯乙烯(PS)的质量比为70/30,50/50和30/70.在固定流动度为(175±5)mm,且在20℃水中养护6 d,然后在20℃,相对湿度为65%的空气中养护21 d的混合养护条件下,考察了聚灰比、聚丁二烯与聚苯乙烯的质量比对PB-g-PS胶乳改性水泥砂浆的水灰比、流动度、保水率、抗压和抗折强度以及吸水量的影响,并与羧基丁苯胶乳改性水泥砂浆进行了性能对比试验.结果表明:在一定掺量范围内,胶乳都具有良好的减水作用,能有效提高砂浆的保水性能,显著降低聚合物改性砂浆的毛细孔吸水率;加入聚合物对砂浆力学性能有重要影响,使其抗压强度总体降低,抗折强度部分提高,因此,PB-g-PS胶乳可以作为水泥改性剂使用.     

Mortar composition defined according to rheometer and flow table tests using factorial designed experiments

This paper reports the effects of distinct contents of silica fume (SF), superplasticizer (SP) and water/binder ratio (W/B) in mortars. Samples with SF (0–10 wt%), SP (1.0–1.2 wt%) and W/B ratio (0.30–0.35) were produced. Flow table test and rheometry were used as parameters to formulate mortars by means of a factorial design experiment. Setting time, water absorption, apparent porosity and compressive strength of mortars at 28 days were also determined. Mortar formulations with lower fluidity are restricting when a rheometer was used. For higher torques, adjustments with the regressive equation of the Bingham model are less accurate, since the flow behavior is less constant. On the other hand, mortars with higher fluidity it is limited by spread test. The spread value on flow table test is more related to yield stress than to plastic viscosity. The design experiments identified the main factors (SF, SP and W/B) and their interactions for all properties on the fresh and hardened state, showing that experimental design with multiple regression equations is an appropriate tool to be applied in this case. Water content was the controlling parameter for practically all properties studied.     

加固专用砂浆的试验研究

通过改变影响砂浆性能的水胶比(mW/mB)、粉煤灰与胶凝材料重量比(βF)、平均浆体厚度(APT)这三个因素,设计了砂浆的正交试验。讨论了各个因素和砂浆各个材料性能之间的关系。在性能较好的砂浆配合比基础上加入由高效减水剂、膨胀剂和聚丙烯纤维组成的外加剂A,砂浆的粘结强度、折压比、粘压比得到较大提高。     

Effect of embedment length of untreated natural fibres on the bond behaviour in cement mortar

The present investigation is focused on studying the effects of various matrices with 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 mortars and fibre types of sisal and coir on the bond behavior at various ages of curing, i.e., 24 h, 3 d, 7 d and 28 d. The other parameters included in the investigation are water/cement (w/c) ratio, sand gradation and embedment length of fibres. In addition, the type of failure of sisal and coir fibres for different mixes of mortars at various curing ages is also reported. From the results, it is seen that the bond strength is improving with respect to age of curing in case of sisal fibres, but decreases in case of coir fibres. The failure of fibres due to fibre fracture is observed in sisal fibres and fibre pullout is observed in coir fibres. The other varying parameters such as mortar mixes, sand gradation, w/c ratio and embedded length also showed significant effect on bond behaviour of sisal and coir fibre with the cement mortar mixes.     

乳胶粉改性地聚合物砂浆的弯曲行为

采用4种乳胶粉掺量、4种地聚合物基体配制乳胶粉改性地聚合物砂浆.研究了乳胶粉掺量和基体组成对乳胶粉改性地聚合物砂浆抗弯强度和抗弯韧性的影响.结果表明:3%(质量分数,下同),6%和10%乳胶粉掺量使粉煤灰一偏高岭土地聚合物砂浆的抗弯强度分别提高了1.8,1.9和2.9倍;抗弯韧性分别增加了1.6,2.5和3.2倍.当乳胶粉掺量为6%时,基体组成对地聚合物砂浆抗弯强度的影响达到最小,此时粉煤灰-偏高岭土地聚合物砂浆的抗弯强度最低,约为4.55 MPa,煤矸石地聚合物砂浆的抗弯强度达到了8.31 MPa;粉煤灰地聚合物砂浆与粉煤灰一偏高岭土地聚合物砂浆的抗弯韧性几乎相同,煤矸石地聚合物砂浆的抗弯韧性最大,约是前两者的1.4倍,粉煤灰一矿粉地聚合物砂浆的抗弯韧性最低.     

硫酸和硫酸钠混合溶液对砂浆的腐蚀作用

用普通硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥的混合水泥以及磨细高炉矿渣和聚合物乳液配制了4种水泥砂浆,研究了这些水泥砂浆试样在1%(质量分数,下同)硫酸加10%硫酸钠的混合溶液中浸泡不同时间后的质量变化和强度变化.结果发现,混合溶液对4种水泥砂浆都具有强烈的腐蚀作用.磨细高炉矿渣能显著提高砂浆的耐腐蚀性能;进一步添加聚合物乳液(聚胶比为10%),则砂浆的抗表面剥落性能有很大改善,其中尤以苯丙乳液与丁苯乳液的混合乳液改性砂浆效果更好,但添加聚合物乳液会导致砂浆的抗压强度大大降低.此外,水泥砂浆试样在混合溶液及清水中浸泡后,它们的抗压强度比值要比它们的抗折强度比值对硫酸/硫酸钠腐蚀介质更为敏感.     

提升水泥砂浆耐酸性能的防护技术研究

采用普通硅酸盐水泥、磨细矿渣和粉煤灰等原材料配制了水胶比和矿物掺合料掺量不同的4种砂浆试件,并使用环氧防护涂层对其中1种砂浆进行表面防腐涂刷。将成型的砂浆试件分别浸泡于不同pH值的硫酸溶液中。对比研究了各龄期砂浆的质量变化率和强度变化率以及不同砂浆在侵蚀试验后的表面微观形貌。结果表明,硫酸溶液对水泥砂浆有严重的腐蚀作用,在pH值较低的强酸溶液中,通过降低水胶比的方式并不能显著提升砂浆的抗酸侵蚀能力;含大掺量矿物掺合料的砂浆,其耐酸腐蚀性能有明显提升;pH≥3的中强酸和弱酸环境对水泥基材料的侵蚀作用会有明显减弱;采用环氧涂层可较大幅度提升水泥砂浆的耐酸腐蚀性。     

Strength–porosity relationships in lime–pozzolan mortars

Lime–pozzolan mortars are the hydraulic mortars widely used in the past for the construction of monumental structures and nowadays for their repair. These mortars are of higher porosity and lower strength in comparison with cement-based mortars but they have exhibited noticeable durability. For the design of lime–pozzolan mortars it is important to know the fundamental strength–porosity relationship as well as the parameters influencing the porosity since it is the driving factor for the functional behaviour of the mortar and its resistance to aging. In this research, an adequate number of mortar series were prepared and tested to find the effect of water/binder (w/b) ratio, the aggregate volume content, the evolution of porosity with time and formulate the strength–porosity relationship based on Power’s basic mathematical expression. According to results it seems that the water/binder ratio is the most important parameter influencing the porosity. Strength–porosity relationship can be predicted with an acceptable deviation. Porosity of lime–pozzolan mortars decreases with time and it is strongly influenced by the curing conditions.     

Laboratory and field performance of polymer-modified cement-based repair mortars in cold climates

The results of an ongoing test program to evaluate the performance of polymer-modified cement-based mortars for repairing surfaces of concrete structures up to a depth of 75 mm (3 inches) damaged due to exposure to cold climates are presented. Twenty-five selected commercially available polymer-modified products, seven containing styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and 18 containing acrylics were evaluated. They were compared with those of a pure cement-based mortar containing 8% silica fume by weight of the cement, with a water/cementitious materials (cement+silica fume) ratio (W/CM) of 0.31. All of the mortars were subjected to thermal compatibility with base concrete, drying shrinkage, permeability, abrasion-erosion resistance, bond strength, compressive strength and freezing and thawing cycling tests. The thermal compatibility with the base concrete at temperatures from −50 to +50 °C was used as a pre-selection test. This paper also presents the satisfactory performance of the three best selected polymer-modified cement-based mortars (included in the 25 mortars), after 6 years in service on two operating spillways of a dam in a severe cold climate.     

Property evaluation of magnesium phosphate cement mortar as patch repair material

The properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortars with different magnesium to phosphate (M/P) molar ratios and sand to binder (S/B) weight ratios have been investigated. The experimental results show that both M/P and S/B ratios have large influence on the setting time and mechanical properties of MPC mortars. Therefore, the formulation has to be optimized in terms of the workability, performance, as well as cost consideration. Besides, the bond strength is an important performance index for a patch repair material and hence received particular attention in this study. The test results demonstrate that MPC mortars have superior bond strength to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar/concrete substrate. Finally, the volume stability measurements illustrate that the drying shrinkage of MPC based repair mortars is much less than that of OPC mortar. It is demonstrated that MPC mortar is promising to be utilized in patch repair and maintenance works of concrete.     

不同减水剂对再生砂浆流变及力学性能的影响

设计了27个配合比,研究了不同种类及掺量的减水剂对再生细骨料砂浆基本工作流变性能与力学性能的影响。结果表明,当粉煤灰掺量为20%时,掺0.55%、0.65%、0.75%的聚羧酸减水剂再生砂浆的2 h稠度损失率和28 d抗压强度分别为20.18%、17.67%、14.89%和18.1 MPa、19.2 MPa、20.5 MPa,均优于同等掺量下的三聚氰胺减水剂和萘系减水剂。     

聚合物与粉煤灰改性砂浆性能的研究

为改善掺加粉煤灰的砂浆的综合性能,研究了在砂浆中加入聚合物时新拌砂浆施工性能和硬化砂浆的力学性能,试验表明:加入聚合物能降低砂浆水胶比,改变新拌砂浆含气量,提高硬化砂浆的韧性和黏结强度.聚合物改性粉煤灰砂浆具有优良的综合性能,可用于混凝土修补加固工程中.     

石粉含量对水泥砂浆性能影响的试验研究

以机制砂石粉含量为变化因素,研究不同强度水泥砂浆的标准稠度用水量、保水率及力学性能随机制砂石粉含量提高的变化情况。结果表明,砂浆标准稠度用水量随石粉含量的提高而增加;适宜石粉含量可提高砂浆的保水率,不同石粉含量砂浆的保水率均高于88%;适宜石粉含量有利于提高砂浆的抗压强度和抗折强度,不同强度等级砂浆的最适宜石粉含量有一定差异。     

Performance of high wokability slag-cement mortar for ferrocement

The performance of high workability mortar mix, applicable for the casting of thin ferrocement elements by using slag as cement replacement and superplasticizer as water reducing agent is investigated. Cement mortars (1:2. 1:2.5 and 1:3) incorporating various percentages of slag and superplasticizer were designed to have high workability (136±3% flow). Performance of the mortars is studied in terms of compressive strength, unit weight, strength development and water absorption. Effect of three different curing regimes on strength and strength development of the mortars is also the part of this study. The results showed that the high workability slag cement mortars of reasonably high strength, low water absorption and exhibiting early age strength comparable to that of the OPC mortars can be designed in order to cast thin ferrocement elements by the method of pouring.