An engine fault diagnosis system using intake manifold pressure signal and Wigner–Ville distribution technique

This paper proposed an engine fault diagnosis system based on intake manifold pressure signal and artificial neural network with the Wigner–Ville distribution technique. Traditionally, the engine diagnostic method depends on the experience of the technician, but some faults might be inaccurately judged by the technician’s experience when the engine is operating. In the present study, an engine platform diagnosis system using intake manifold pressure was developed. The algorithm of the proposed system consisted of Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) for feature extraction and the neural network technique for fault classification. In previous work, the Wigner–Ville distribution was often used to analyze the non-stationary signal, because it provides a simple and clear energy spectrum diagram both in the time and frequency domains. This instantaneous energy diagram presented the magnitude of each engine fault under various operating conditions. The Wigner–Ville distribution extracts these features as database input to a neural network and the neural network is used to develop the training and testing modules. To prove the efficiency of the neural network, both the radial basis function neural network and generalized regression neural network are used and compared. The experimental results demonstrated the proposed system is effective and the performance is satisfactory.     

An automotive generator fault diagnosis system using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural network

This paper describes a fault diagnosis system for automotive generators using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and an artificial neural network. Conventional fault indications of automotive generators generally use an indicator to inform the driver when the charging system is malfunction. But this charge indicator tells only if the generator is normal or in a fault condition. In the present study, an automotive generator fault diagnosis system is developed and proposed for fault classification of different fault conditions. The proposed system consists of feature extraction using discrete wavelet analysis to reduce complexity of the feature vectors together with classification using the artificial neural network technique. In the output signal classification, both the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) are used to classify and compare the synthetic fault types in an experimental engine platform. The experimental results indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis is effective and can be used for automotive generators of various engine operating conditions.     

An expert system for fault diagnosis in internal combustion engines using probability neural network

An expert system for fault diagnosis in internal combustion engines using adaptive order tracking technique and artificial neural networks is presented in this paper. The proposed system can be divided into two parts. In the first stage, the engine sound emission signals are recorded and treated as the tracking of frequency-varying bandpass signals. Ordered amplitudes can be calculated with a high-resolution adaptive filter algorithm. The vital features of signals with various fault conditions are obtained and displayed clearly by order figures. Then the sound energy diagram is utilized to normalize the features and reduce computation quantity. In the second stage, the artificial neural network is used to train the signal features and engine fault conditions. In order to verify the effect of the proposed probability neural network (PNN) in fault diagnosis, two conventional neural networks that included the back-propagation (BP) network and radial-basic function (RBF) network are compared with the proposed PNN network. The experimental results indicated that the proposed PNN network achieved the best performance in the present fault diagnosis system.     

Faulted gear identification of a rotating machinery based on wavelet transform and artificial neural network

In this paper, a condition monitoring and faults identification technique for rotating machineries using wavelet transform and artificial neural network is described. Most of the conventional techniques for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in rotating machinery are based chiefly on analyzing the difference of vibration signal amplitude in the time domain or frequency spectrum. Unfortunately, in some applications, the vibration signal may not be available and the performance is limited. However, the sound emission signal serves as a promising alternative to the fault diagnosis system. In the present study, the sound emission of gear-set is used to evaluate the proposed fault diagnosis technique. In the experimental work, a continuous wavelet transform technique combined with a feature selection of energy spectrum is proposed for analyzing fault signals in a gear-set platform. The artificial neural network techniques both using probability neural network and conventional back-propagation network are compared in the system. The experimental results pointed out the sound emission can be used to monitor the condition of the gear-set platform and the proposed system achieved a fault recognition rate of 98% in the experimental gear-set platform.     

A study of fault diagnosis in a scooter using adaptive order tracking technique and neural network

An expert system for scooter fault diagnosis using sound emission signals based on adaptive order tracking and neural networks is presented in this paper. The order tracking technique is one of the important approaches for fault diagnosis in rotating machinery. The different faults present different order figures and they can be used to determine the fault in mechanical systems. However, many breakdowns are hard to classify correctly by human experience in fault diagnosis. In the present study, the order tracking problem is treated as a parametric identification and the artificial neural network technique for classifying faults. First, the adaptive order tracking extract the order features as input for neural network in the proposed system. The neural networks are used to develop the training module and testing module. The artificial neural network techniques using a back-propagation network and a radial basis function network are proposed to develop the artificial neural network for fault diagnosis system. The performance of two techniques are evaluated and compared through experimental investigation. The experimental results indicated that the proposed system is effective for fault diagnosis under various engine conditions.     

Partial ensemble approach to resolve the mode mixing of extreme-point weighted mode decomposition

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an effective tool for breaking down components (modes) of a nonlinear and non-stationary signal. Recently, a newly adaptive signal decomposition method, namely extreme-point weighted mode decomposition (EWMD), was put forward to improve the performance of EMD, in particular, to resolve the over- or undershooting issue associated with the large amplitude variations. However, similar to EMD, EWMD also suffers the mode mixing problem caused by intermittence or noisy signals. In this paper, inspired by complementary ensemble EMD (CEEMD), a noise-assisted data analysis method called partial ensemble extreme-point weighted mode decomposition (PEEWMD) is proposed to eliminate the mode mixing problem and enhance the performance of EWMD. In the proposed PEEWMD method, firstly white noises in pairs are added to the targeted signal and then the noisy signals are decomposed using the EWMD method to obtain the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) in the first several stages. Secondly, permutation entropy is employed to detect the components that cause mode mixing. The residual signal is obtained after the identified components are separated from the original signal. Lastly, the residual signal is fully decomposed by using the EWMD method. The proposed PEEWMD method is compared with original EWMD, ensemble EWMD (EEWMD) and CEEMD using simulated signals. The results demonstrate that PEEWMD can effectively restrain the mode mixing issue and generates IMFs with much better performance. Based on that the PEEWMD and envelope power spectrum based fault diagnosis method was proposed and applied to the rubbing fault identification of rotor system and the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing with inner race. The result indicates that the proposed method of fault diagnosis gets much better effect than EMD and EWMD.     

Investigation of engine fault diagnosis using discrete wavelet transform and neural network

An investigation of a fault diagnostic technique for internal combustion engines using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and neural network is presented in this paper. Generally, sound emission signal serves as a promising alternative to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in rotating machinery when the vibration signal is not available. Most of the conventional fault diagnosis techniques using sound emission and vibration signals are based on analyzing the signal amplitude in the time or frequency domain. Meanwhile, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique was developed for obtaining both time-domain and frequency-domain information. Unfortunately, the CWT technique is often operated over a longer computing time. In the present study, a DWT technique which is combined with a feature selection of energy spectrum and fault classification using neural network for analyzing fault signal is proposed for improving the shortcomings without losing its original property. The features of the sound emission signal at different resolution levels are extracted by multi-resolution analysis and Parseval’s theorem [Gaing, Z. L. (2004). Wavelet-based neural network for power disturbance recognition and classification. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19, 1560–1568]. The algorithm is obtained from previous work by Daubechies [Daubechies, I. (1988). Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Communication on Pure and Applied Mathematics 41, 909–996.], the“db4”, “db8” and “db20” wavelet functions are adopted to perform the proposed DWT technique. Then, these features are used for fault recognition using a neural network. The experimental results indicated that the proposed system using the sound emission signal is effective and can be used for fault diagnosis of various engine operating conditions.     

Epileptic seizure classification in EEG signals using second-order difference plot of intrinsic mode functions

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly used signal for detection of epileptic seizures. This paper presents a new method for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals. The proposed method is based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the second-order difference plot (SODP). The EMD method decomposes an EEG signal into a set of symmetric and band-limited signals termed as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The SODP of IMFs provides elliptical structure. The 95% confidence ellipse area measured from the SODP of IMFs has been used as a feature in order to discriminate seizure-free EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. The feature space obtained from the ellipse area parameters of two IMFs has been used for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals using the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. It has been shown that the feature space formed using ellipse area parameters of first and second IMFs has given good classification performance. Experimental results on EEG database available by the University of Bonn, Germany, are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于EMD和改进PSO-Elman神经网络的液压故障诊断

通过对工程机械液压系统各个元件的参数测量,提取包含故障信息的特征向量,并应用神经网络进行故障诊断。文中将经验模态分解（EMD）应用到故障特征向量提取中,结合压力、温度、流量等显性信号作为神经网络的输入,并对El-man神经网络的学习算法用PSO算法进行了改进,以提高网络的收敛率和计算能力。使用粒子群算法对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,经过训练后即可应用到故障诊断系统中。仿真结果表明该方法提高了神经网络的收敛率,减小了诊断误差。     

基于神经网络的大规模模拟电路故障检测系统

设计了一个基于小波和神经网络的信号处理系统，该系统主要针对大规模模拟电路故障检测。针对传统诊断技术的局限性，讨论了利用神经网络方法分级诊断大规模模拟电路软故障的方案，通过小波变换提取故障特征，并利用神经网络的非线性映射特性逼近故障诊断模型。诊断结果表明基于人工神经网络的电路故障诊断方法是行之有效的。此方法具有广阔的应用前景，为大规模模拟电路故障诊断提供了新的理论依据和检测方法，并有希望研制成一套高效的检测设备。     

经验模态分解与样本熵在并网型光伏逆变器故障诊断中的应用

摘要：针对光伏并网逆变器电路中故障信号的非线性、非平稳特点,提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和样本熵(SampEn)的故障诊断方法。首先,利用经验模态分解对逆变器的三相输出电压进行分解,得到有限个本征模式分量(IMF),从中选取包含故障主要信息的前几个本征模式分量提取故障信息。然后,计算本征模式分量的样本熵,从而得到用于故障诊断的特征向量;最后,将逆变器开路故障进行分类和编码,将故障特征向量输入BP神经网络进行模式识别,从而达到故障诊断的目的。在Matlab环境下对光伏并网逆变器的故障诊断进行了实验,实验结果证明了文中方法能实现对光伏并网逆变器的故障诊断,且与小波包变换相比,该方法具有诊断效率高和准确度高等特点。     

基于EMD和LVQ的信号特征提取及分类方法

针对非平稳、非线性、微弱信号难以分析和处理的特点,本文提出了一种基于经验模式分解和学习向量量化神经网络的信号处理和分类方法,并在生物信号处理领域(左、右手运动想象的脑电信号)进行了研究和应用.首先通过经验模式分解算法对脑电信号分解,然后选取主要固有模态函数分量并计算其绝对均值作为特征值,最后使用学习向量量化网络进行分类,并分别与支持向量机和误差反向传播神经网络分类算法进行了对比研究.实验结果表明,所提出的算法分类正确率达到了87％,相比于其余两种对比算法在特定的信号处理领域优越,具有一定的参考和研究价值.     

Application of an intelligent classification method to mechanical fault diagnosis

A new method for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on wavelet packet transform (WPT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), dimensionless parameters, a distance evaluation technique and radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed in this paper. In this method, WPT and EMD are, respectively, used to preprocess vibration signals to mine fault characteristic information more accurately. Then, dimensionless parameters in time domain are extracted from each of the original vibration signals and preprocessed signals to form a combined feature set. Moreover, the distance evaluation technique is utilised to calculate evaluation factors of the combined feature set. Finally, according to the evaluation factors, the corresponding sensitive features are selected and input into the RBF network to automatically identify different machine operation conditions. An experiment of rolling element bearings is carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The experimental result demonstrates that the method combining WPT, EMD, the distance evaluation technique and the RBF network may accurately extract fault information and select sensitive features, and therefore it may correctly diagnose the different fault categories occurring in the bearings. Furthermore, this method is applied to slight rub fault diagnosis of a heavy oil catalytic cracking unit, the actual result shows the method may be applied to fault diagnosis of rotating machinery effectively.     

信息融合在飞行器智能健康诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于经验模态分析(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和D-S证据相结合的飞行器健康诊断方法.该方法首先对由声发射传感器募集到的飞行器关键结构部件原始声发射信号进行EMD,得到多个内禀模态分量,选取内禀模态能量构建声发射信号的特征向量,并分别采用模糊神经网络、GRNN网络和Elman神经网络对提取出的特征向量进行分类,最后运用D-S证据理论进行决策融合,对飞行器的健康状态进行诊断.实验表明,运用此方法对某型号真实飞行器关键结构部件的健康状态进行诊断,可以得到很好放入诊断结果.与单分类器相比,采用D-S证据理论进行决策融合有效地提高了故障诊断的精度.     

Fault gear identification and classification using discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference

In this paper, an intelligent diagnosis for fault gear identification and classification based on vibration signal using discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique plays one of the important roles for signal feature extraction in the proposed system. The abnormal transient signals will show in different decomposition levels and can be used to recognize the various faults by the DWT figure. However, many fault conditions are hard to inspect accurately by the naked eye. In the present study, the feature extraction method based on discrete wavelet transform with energy spectrum is proposed. The different order wavelets are considered to identify fault features accurately. The database is established by feature vectors of energy spectrum which are used as input pattern in the training and identification process. Furthermore, the ANFIS is proposed to identify and classify the fault gear positions and the gear fault conditions in the fault diagnosis system. The proposed ANFIS includes both the fuzzy logic qualitative approximation and the adaptive neural network capability. The experimental results verified that the proposed ANFIS has more possibilities in fault gear identification. The ANFIS achieved an accuracy identification rate which was more satisfactory than traditional vision inspection in the proposed system.     

基于AR模型参数向量的灰度神经网络故障诊断方法

该文首先论述了以频域能量积分为诊断向量、以各种训练网络为诊断网络的方法在应用中存在的问题,然后提出了一种以AR模型参数作为旋转机械故障诊断向量、以灰色关联度神经网络作为诊断网络的新方法,并描述了诊断系统的具体实现过程。最后通过对10种典型旋转机械故障的仿真诊断比较了该文方法和以往方法的诊断效果。方法分析及仿真结果表明,该文方法比大多数以频域能量积分为诊断向量、以各种训练网络为诊断网络的方法有很多的优越性。     

基于EMD和奇异值分解技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了基于EMD(Empirical mode decomposition)和奇异值分解技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用EMD方法将滚动轴承振动信号分解成若干个基本模式分量(Intrinsic mode function，IMF)之和，并形成初始特征向量矩阵。然后对初始特征向量矩阵进行奇异值分解得到矩阵的奇异值，将其作为滚动轴承振动信号的状态特征向量，通过建立Mahalanobis距离判剐函数判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。实验数据的分析结果表明，本文方法能有效地应用于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

一种面向噪声环境中旋转机械故障诊断的多模态耦合输入神经网络

旋转机械设备是工业生产中的关键性设备,对其进行高效故障诊断,对于保障工业安全生产具有重要意义.传统的旋转机械设备智能故障诊断方法采取人工特征提取策略,存在依赖专家经验知识、特征泛化性差、特征完备性不足等局限性,导致故障诊断模型精度差,特别是在噪声环境下性能下降明显.对此,提出一种用于旋转机械故障诊断的多模态耦合输入神经网络模型.首先,利用信号分解方法将原始输入信号分解为多个子信号,并将子信号与原始信号成对组成二维矩阵并输入到神经网络中,使得网络能够提取其间重要的相关特征;然后,利用双通道并行的卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络分别提取信号中的时空间特征并融合,大大提高网络模型的特征表达完备性,实现对旋转机械设备的高精度故障分类.通过实验验证了所提出模型相较于传统故障模型具有更高的准确率,并且对于噪声干扰也有较好的适应性.     

One-class support vector machines—an application in machine fault detection and classification

Fast incipient machine fault diagnosis is becoming one of the key requirements for economical and optimal process operation management. Artificial neural networks have been used to detect machine faults for a number of years and shown to be highly successful in this application area. This paper presents a novel test technique for machine fault detection and classification in electro-mechanical machinery from vibration measurements using one-class support vector machines (SVMs). In order to evaluate one-class SVMs, this paper examines the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with that of multilayer perception, one of the artificial neural network techniques, based on real benchmarking data.     

基于小波包和EMD的断路器机械故障诊断研究

以ZN63A-12型高压真空断路器为研究对象,针对处理高压断路器振动信号时单独使用小波包特征熵或经验模态分解(EMD)特征熵作为特征向量进行诊断正确率低的缺点,将高压断路器振动信号的小波包能量熵、经验模态分解能量熵、经验模态分解能量相结合作为特征向量,采用马氏距离判别法进行模式识别,实现对断路器两种机械故障模式的判别.实验结果表明,该方法准确率达97.40％,具有较高的实用价值.