粉煤灰掺量对混凝土抗渗性影响的研究

由于混凝土中的孔大小及孔结构直接影响其抗渗性能,而抗渗性又间接影响混凝土的耐久性。因此,研究混凝土各组分材料对其孔结构的影响,并通过氯离子快速渗透试验和压汞法结合评价对混凝土抗渗性能的影响。结果表明,粉煤灰的掺入可以提高混凝土的抗渗性,同时在试验范围内水灰比减小和粉煤灰掺量增加都可以提高混凝土的抗渗性能。     

滨海环境混凝土渗透特性与微观结构关系研究

从实际混凝土结构中抽取芯样,通过RCM试验和微观性能测试,得出了氯离子快速渗透系数,比表面积和单位孔体积等参数,并对参数之间的关系做了定量的描述,研究氯离子渗透性能和微观孔结构之间的关系.试验结果表明,混凝土的渗透性能和比表面积、平均孔径等微观参数之间有很强的相关性.     

膨润土对混凝土抗渗透性能影响的研究

为研究膨润土对混凝土抗渗透性能的影响,测试了不同试验条件下混凝土气体渗透系数和电通量,分析了混凝土抗气体渗透性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的相关性,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了内掺膨润土混凝土的微观结构。研究表明:膨润土掺量在0~8%范围内,混凝土的气体渗透系数与电通量均先降低后升高,当膨润土掺量为4%时,混凝土气体渗透系数和电通量最低;适当降低水胶比可以有效改善混凝土抗气体渗透和抗氯离子渗透性能;混凝土气体渗透系数与电通量显著正相关;微观分析表明:掺膨润土混凝土的抗渗透性能可能与水化硅酸钙凝胶体系内孔隙的填充和C-S-H之间的连接程度有关。     

高性能水泥基材料的耐久性能及其微观结构

采用加速扩散法、Na2SO4溶液浸泡法、快冻法、快速碳化法分别研究了普通混凝土(Ordinary Concrete,简称OC)、高性能混凝土(High Performance Concrete,简称HPC)、低渗透混凝土(Low Permeability Concrete,简称LPC)、无细观界面过渡区水泥基材料(Meso-inter-facial transition zone-free cement-based materials,简称MIF)等4种水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能、抗冻性能、抗碳化性能。结果表明:OC、HPC、LPC和MIF的抗氯离子渗透性能、抗冻性能和抗碳化性能排列顺序均为:MIF>LPC>HPC>OC,而HPC、LPC和MIF均有较好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。同时,孔结构分析表明:就孔隙率、最可几孔径、孔径≥50 nm的孔含量而言,OC、HPC、LPC和MIF的排列顺序均为:MIF相似文献   

海工混凝土早龄期抗氯离子渗透性能的研究

借助混凝土抗压强度试验、氯离子渗透试验和胶凝材料硬化浆体孔结构试验,对混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力随早龄期时间变化的规律进行了研究.结果表明:在矿渣掺量(质量分数)为50%与水胶比(质量比)为0.30,0.40和0.50时,海工混凝土早龄期抗氯离子渗透能力远小于它们的28 d抗氯离子渗透能力,且其随龄期变化规律不同于抗压强度随龄期的变化规律;在早龄期时由于海工混凝土的孔隙率高、孔径大于50 nm的大孔数量多,因此其抗氯离子渗透能力较弱;尽管在设计海工混凝土时选用了高抗氯离子渗透能力的高性能混凝土,但其在早龄期时也不具有抗氯离子渗透能力.     

矿物掺和料对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

采用氯离子扩散系数快速测定法(RCM法)测定混凝土Cl-渗透系数.分析矿物掺和料种类及掺量对混凝土抗Cl-渗透性能的影响.研究结果表明:同胶凝体系下,矿粉对混凝土的抗Cl-渗透性作用远大于粉煤灰,粉煤灰和矿粉(1∶1)复掺能够较好的提高混凝土抗Cl-渗透能力,同条件下粉煤灰混凝土的渗透系数是矿粉系列的2~3倍.     

Degradation of permeability resistance of high strength concrete after combustion

To evaluate the remaining durability of concrete materials after combustion, the permeability of high strength concrete (HSC) after combustion was studied. The transport behavior of chloride ion, water and air in concrete after combustion and the effect of temperature, strength grade, and aggregation on the permeability of HSC after combustion are investigated by chloride ion permeability coefficient (D _c), water permeability coefficient (D _w) and air permeability coefficient (D _a). The experiment results show that all three permeability coefficients commendably reflect changes of permeability. The permeability coefficient increases with the evaluation temperature. After the same temperature, the permeability coefficient of HSC is lower than that of normal strength concrete (NSC). However, the degree of degradation of permeability coefficient of HSC is greater than that of NSC. The permeability resistance of HSC containing limestone is better than that of HSC containing basalt. Combining changes of compressive strength and permeability, the remaining durability of concrete materials after combustion is appropriately evaluated. __________ Translated from Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 36(5): 825–830 [译自: 东南大学学报(自然科学版)]     

Impact of melting and burnout of polypropylene fibre on air permeability and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete

This study intends to investigate the impact of high temperature, melting and burnout of Polypropylene Fibre (PP fibre) on mechanical properties, pore size distribution and air permeability of high strength concrete. The specimens were high-strength concrete with 120 MPa strength produced with a water-binder ratio of 20%. To examine the effects of melting and burnout of the PP fibre, the experiment was conducted using two mixtures. One mixture contained 1.5 kg/m³ of PP fibre, while the other did not contain any PP fibre. Heating temperatures were set to room temperature (RT), 120, 200, 300 and 400 °C, considering the temperatures for the melting and burnout of the PP fibre. After heating and cooling, compression tests were carried out on the concrete specimens to measure the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. Pore size distribution was measured using the fragments created by the compression tests. Air permeability was estimated by measuring the pore size distribution. It was found that melting and burnout of the fibre did not affect the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity but the Poisson's ratio of the specimens containing fibres increased at 400 °C. The effect of melting and burnout of fibre on pore volume and air permeability is quite small. If it is assumed that micro-cracks affected the air permeability, it is expected that high strength concrete with a large fibre content should create many micro-cracks at high temperature, leading to an increase of air permeability.     

疏水化合孔栓物改善混凝土性能的研究及应用

混凝土结构受到水和氯离子等侵蚀发生劣化,防水处理是防止侵蚀的有效方法.在混凝土中掺加疏水化合孔栓物可以改善混凝土的性能,提高其耐久性,延长使用寿命.对疏水化合孔栓物混凝土的工作性、抗压强度、吸水性和抗氯离子渗透性进行了试验研究,试验结果表明,与普通混凝土相比,疏水化合孔栓物混凝土坍落度有轻微减小,凝结时间增长,抗压强度...     

Water absorption,permeability, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of lightweight aggregate concrete

This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate effect of cumulative lightweight aggregate (LWA) content (including lightweight sand) in concrete [water/cement ratio (w/c) = 0.38] on its water absorption, water permeability, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration. Rapid chloride penetrability test (ASTM C 1202), rapid migration test (NT Build 492), and salt ponding test (AASHTO T 259) were conducted to evaluate the concrete resistance to chloride-ion penetration. The results were compared with those of a cement paste and a control normal weight aggregate concrete (NWAC) with the same w/c and a NWAC (w/c = 0.54) with 28-day compressive strength similar to some of the lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Results indicate that although the total charge passed, migration coefficient, and diffusion coefficient of the LWAC were not significantly different from those of NWAC with the same w/c of 0.38, resistance of the LWAC to chloride penetration decreased with increase in the cumulative LWA content in the concretes. The water penetration depth under pressure and water sorptivity showed, in general, similar trends. The LWAC with only coarse LWA had similar water sorptivity, water permeability coefficient, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration compared to NWAC with similar w/c. The LWAC had lower water sorptivity, water permeability and higher resistance to chloride-ion penetration than the NWAC with similar 28-day strength but higher w/c. Both the NWAC and LWAC had lower sorptivity and higher resistance to chloride-ion penetration than the cement paste with similar w/c.     

Effect of cement type on the resistance of concrete against chloride penetration

In chloride containing environment, chloride permeability of concrete is an important parameter affecting the service life of concrete structures. The primary objective of this experimental study was to study the effect of cement types on the resistance of concrete against chloride penetration for given compressive strength classes. These cements included two different types of granulated blast-furnace slag cement (CEM III/A 32.5N and CEM III/A 42.5N), a sulfate resisting cement (SRC 32.5), and a Portland cement blended with fly ash; all of which compared to an ordinary Portland cement (CEM I 42.5R). For each binder type, four concretes at different strength classes were produced and as a result 20 mixtures were obtained. Rapid chloride ion penetration tests according to ASTM C 1202 were conducted. In addition, electrical resistivity and capillary water absorption tests were carried out. In order to characterize the concrete quality, compressive strength of the specimens were also obtained. The test results clearly demonstrated that the blast-furnace slag cements have the highest resistance against chloride penetration, while the pure Portland cement and sulfate resisting cement have the lowest resistance. Concretes produced with the sulfate resisting cement had substantially higher capillary sorption compared to other mixtures. Test results confirmed the strong relationship between the chloride permeability and electrical resistivity.     

Influence of fly ash fineness on the chloride penetration of concrete

In this paper, the resistance to chloride penetration of concrete containing fly ash of various finenesses was examined. Three different fly ash finenesses viz., original fly ash, 45% fine portion and 10% fine portion fly ashes were used for the study. Chloride resistance of concretes was evaluated using the measurement of the Coulomb charge as per ASTM C1202 and by determination of chloride ingress after different periods of exposure to 3% NaCl solution in full immersion and partial immersion modes. From the tests, it is found that the resistance to chloride penetration of concrete depends on the fineness of fly ash. The rapid chloride permeability test (ASTM C1202) clearly indicates that the Coulomb charge of concrete at the age of 28 days is significantly reduced with the incorporation of fly ash. The decrease is promoted with an increase in fly ash fineness. The immersion of cut cylinders in the 3% NaCl solution for 3 and 6 months confirm that the resistance of the chloride penetration of concrete increases with an incorporation with fly ash and with an increase in the fly ash fineness.     

复合矿渣微粉对混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀性能影响的野外试验研究

采用测定混凝土中氯离子显色渗透深度的方法,研究大掺量矿渣微粉混凝土和大掺量复合矿渣微粉混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能,并与纯水泥混凝土进行对比。发现经3年海水浸泡后,在0.36水胶比的混凝土中,用比表面积为400 m2/kg的矿渣微粉取代65%的水泥可降低混凝土氯离子显色渗透深度75%,增加矿渣微粉细度至600 m2/kg或使用复合矿渣微粉均可进一步降低混凝土氯离子显色渗透深度50%左右。结果表明采用大掺量复合矿渣微粉是一种提高混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀能力的有效手段。     

硅烷憎水处理混凝土的氯离子电场迁移模型研究

电场下的氯离子迁移试验常被用来评价混凝土中的氯离子扩散系数及抵抗氯离子侵蚀的能力。研究了硅烷憎水处理混凝土的氯离子电场迁移模型。以往的试验发现忽略普通混凝土中孔隙结构分布对离子迁移过程的影响将导致预测值和试验值不吻合。Stanish等人因此提出了考虑氯离子扩散迁移速度离散性的氯离子电场迁移模型,并较好地预测了试验结果。在Stanish模型的基础上,假设氯离子扩散系数而不是氯离子迁移速度符合对数正态分布,从而简化了氯离子电场迁移模型的理论表达式,并更清晰地反映了混凝土微观结构的随机性,计算结果表明两种假设等价。基于上述理论模型,对于饱水的硅烷憎水处理混凝土试件的电通量试验结果进行分析,证明上述理论模型适用于硅烷憎水处理混凝土试件。分析结果亦表明:硅烷憎水处理过的混凝土的电通量试验结果,只反映硅烷憎水性涂层对混凝土表面氯离子浓度的影响,并不反映憎水处理对内部混凝土的扩散系数的影响,硝酸银显色法并不适用于硅烷憎水处理混凝土的电通量试验。     

PERMIT离子渗透测定方法的应用研究

混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性直接影响钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性。为提高混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性,可以使用透水模板布、防水涂料、防腐涂层等多种技术。介绍一种现场测定混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的非破损试验方法——PERMIT离子渗透试验,并用该方法在青岛海湾大桥工程中评价混凝土保护层的性能改善技术措施的效果。试验结果表明,PERMIT试验方法可以现场测定混凝土保护层或表层混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性,设备简单,操作方便,试验时间短。透水模板布、防水涂料、防腐涂层等技术措施对混凝土保护层均有不同程度的改善。透水模板布的品种不同,改善效果有差异。防水涂料和防腐涂层效果最好。     

Influence of detection methods on chloride threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement

The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of depassivation detection methods on chloride threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement in a concrete. The detection methods of depasstivating steel reinforcement have been examined including electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) in a simulated concrete pore solution and half-cell potential, linear polarization (LP) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) in the concrete contaminated by chloride ions. The results have indicated that in a saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution, the chloride threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement concluded by the potentiodynamic polarization is 0.02 mol/L, which is identical with that decided by EIS. However, in the chloride contaminated concrete, no agreement among the chloride threshold values determined by the three detection methods mentioned above can be found. The range of the values decided by half-cell potential is relatively lower than those by the others, besides, the highest values have been obtained by EIS.     

Estimation of the permeability of silica fume cement concrete

Deterioration and durability of concrete structures mainly depend on permeability of concrete. Silica fume (SF) as a mineral admixture for high performance concrete produces more discontinues and impermeable pore structure in concrete. The higher permeability reductions with silica fume are due to pore size refinement and matrix densification, reduction in content of Ca(OH)₂ and cement paste-aggregate interfacial refinement. During the hydration process the transition interfacial zone is gradually densified due to pozzolanic reaction between silica fume and calcium hydroxide. Based on a microstructure model, a procedure for predicting the permeability of high strength silica fume cement concrete is developed by considering water-to-binder ratio, silica fume replacement ratio and degree of hydration as major influencing factors. Results of the permeability calculated using the procedure is verified with the available literature. Subsequently, effects of silica fume on the permeability of concrete are evaluated. Finally, optimum silica fume replacement ratios that reduce the permeability of concrete reasonably are proposed for durable concrete.     

磁化水混凝土耐久性研究

本文主要从四个方面研究了磁化水对混凝土耐久性的影响：孔结构、抗冻融性能、干缩和抗氯离子渗透性能.磁化水由自来水通过自主研制的MW-Ⅰ型磁水器而获得.试验中采用的磁化参数为磁场强度810mT,流速0.73m/s,磁场长度580mm.结果显示,磁化处理使混凝土总孔隙率下降20.8%,各龄期的孔级配改善.导致磁化水混凝土的干燥收缩有较大改善,90天相对收缩下降6%.冻融循环和抗氯离子渗透性能有较大的提高.     

Comparison of compressive and splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete with and without polypropylene fibers heated to high temperatures

This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental study on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete with and without polypropylene (PP) fibers after heating to 600 °C. Mixtures were prepared with water to cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.35, and 0.30 containing silica fume at 0%, 6%, and 10% cement replacement and polypropylene fibers content of 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg/m³. A severe strength loss was observed for all of the concretes after exposure to 600 °C, particularly the concretes containing silica fume despite their good mechanical properties at room temperature. The range of 300–600 °C was more critical for concrete having higher strength. The relative compressive strengths of concretes containing PP fibers were higher than those of concretes without PP fibers. The splitting tensile strength of concrete was more sensitive to high temperatures than the compressive strength. Furthermore, the presence of PP fibers was more effective for compressive strength than splitting tensile strength above 200 °C. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the addition of 2 kg/m³ PP fibers can significantly promote the residual mechanical properties of HSC during heating.     

水化时间对矿物掺合料混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的影响

用电导率法研究了分别掺加粉煤灰、磨细矿渣、硅粉等矿物掺合料混凝土的氯离子渗透性与水化时间的关系,发现在180d养护时间内混凝土的电导与时间经拟合为幂函数关系,且矿物掺合料混凝土电导对养护时间更敏感;混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料可以显著降低混凝土的导电能力;水胶比对混凝土渗透性有较大影响,水胶比越大,混凝土抵抗氯离子渗透的能力越低。