FRP板增强胶合木梁蠕变性能试验研究

通过试验分析了恒温恒湿条件下不同应力比的普通胶合木梁和FRP板增强胶合木梁的蠕变规律,建立了胶合木梁蠕变模型,并对试验数据进行了拟合,得到了蠕变变形曲线和相对蠕变变形曲线,对受荷期为50a的相对蠕变变形进行了预测.结果表明：使用FRP板增强后,胶合木梁的初始刚度提高,其初始变形减少了27%,50a的相对蠕变变形下降了80%.     

Advanced wood engineering: glulam beams

The main objective of this experimental study is the determination of the flexural properties of reinforced and unreinforced glued-laminated beam. Why reinforcing glulam beam? Reinforced glulam beams cost less because the use of reinforcement will reduce the need of a top grade laminate on the extreme tension face (less high grade material can be used); moreover the volume of wood is reduced. Also, reinforced glulam beams have lower product variability, they are not affected by natural growth characteristics, and the manufacture of reinforcement is consistent and controlled.Two types of reinforcement were investigated: steel plate and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The wood part of all the beams were made by laminating three wood beams of 6 by 3.6 by 176 cm. The unreinforced beams are made only from wood having a finished dimension equal to 6 by 11 by 176 cm. The steel reinforced beams were glulam wood beams fully covered on one side using steel plate of thickness equal to 1.5 mm.The CFRP reinforced beams were glulam wood beams covered with CFRP of thickness of 1.2 mm and width of 5 cm and the length of 176 cm.The results indicate that the behavior of reinforced beams is totally different from that of unreinforced one. The reinforcement has changed the mode of failure from brittle to ductile and has increased the load-carrying capacity of the beams.     

预应力纤维布加固混凝土圆形截面短柱轴压性能试验

为研究环向预应力纤维布加固混凝土圆形截面短柱的轴心受压性能,制作25个试件并进行轴心受压试验。试验考虑的影响因素包括：试件的混凝土强度等级、截面尺寸、箍筋间距、既有损伤及表面处理情况、纤维布种类、层数和预应力大小。试验得到了各个试件的破坏形态和应力 应变关系,进而分析了各影响因素对加固效果的影响。结果表明：与非加固试件相比,环向预应力纤维布加固试件的轴心受压承载力和延性均有明显提高;对纤维布施加预应力能避免纤维布的应力滞后,更好地发挥纤维布的高强性能;当环向预应力与纤维布的抗拉强度的比值在0～0.20范围内,试件的承载力和延性随预应力的增大而增大;当环向预应力达到纤维布抗拉强度的0.25倍时加固效果会降低,因此在工程应用中环向纤维布的预应力宜控制在纤维布抗拉强度的0～0.20倍之间。     

FRP增强胶合木梁的受弯性能研究

对FRP(fiber reinforced plastics/polymer)增强胶合木梁的受弯性能做了详细研究。通过试验分析了构件的破坏形态与破坏机理,对比分析了FRP增强胶合木梁与未增强梁的极限荷载与抗弯刚度等受弯性能。试验结果表明FRP增强杨木胶合木梁相对于未增强梁,受弯极限承载力提高了18%~63%,刚度提高了32%~88%,当配筋率为1.0%左右时,FRP增强杨木胶合木梁的受弯承载力与刚度分别可达到常用松木实木构件的1.82倍和1.35倍,并且增强构件的破坏形式大多表现为塑性受压破坏。基于力学模型分析,提出了粘结界面粘结剪应力、截面中性轴位置、FRP板拉力、受拉面层破坏荷载和极限荷载等的计算公式;然后将理论分析结果与现有的大量试验结果进行了对比,结果表明,模型精度较高,能够较好地预测FRP增强胶合木梁的受弯性能,可为此类结构构件的加工设计与工程应用提供参考。     

Beitrag zur vereinfachten Biegebemessung von FVK‐bewehrten Holzträgern

Contribution to a simplified bending design model for FRP reinforced glulam beams. Based on a research report by Blaß/Romani (2000) a simplified model is developed for the design of a bending beam made of glulam and a longitudinal reinforcement on the tension side by a fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) lamella. In case of the reinforcement placed inside the wood (typeN) the calculation is based on bonding theory, in case of the reinforcement placed on the edge (typeR) the calculation should be handled both according to bonding theory and approximately analogous to a cracked reinforced concrete cross‐section. The proposed model is compared with a similar one introduced by Blaß/Romani (2000). It is shown, that by some essential simplifications with only negligible effects on the results one can yield a lower calculation effort and a higher degree of clarity. Comparing with test results from the report of Blaß/Romani the results of the extended approach for typeR even fit better.     

FRP加固木梁受弯承载力计算

根据木材受压应力-应变曲线的特点,提出了木梁受压区计算模型.在分析加固木梁各种破坏形式的基础上,运用提出的计算模型,推导了木梁受弯承载力的计算公式.对36根木梁进行了受弯性能试验.结果表明,在木梁受拉区布置纤维增强聚合物FRP(fiber reinforced polymer)可有效提高木梁的受弯承载力,木梁受压区设置FRP加固层对受弯承载力的影响与其加固方式有关.加固木梁受弯承载力计算结果与试验值吻合较好,说明所推导的计算公式可作为木梁加固设计参考.     

纤维增强复合材料加固木梁受弯性能试验研究

对36根纤维增强复合材料(FRP)加固木梁的受弯性能进行研究。详细探讨受载后试件的工作机理和破坏模式。试件的设计参数为FRP的层数、FRP的类型及加固层的位置。分析各设计参数对加固木梁承载力和挠度的影响。试验结果表明,在木梁受拉区布置FRP可有效提高木梁的受弯承载力,受拉区粘贴一层CFRP可提高木梁受弯承载力30.61%。在纯弯区横向布置FRP可增强木梁受压区的性能,有效提高木梁的受弯承载力,提高的幅度与横向FRP层数有关。FRP加固木梁的破坏表现为受压区木纤维褶皱失稳、受拉区木纤维和FRP加固层被拉断。木梁受压区设置FRP加固层对受弯承载力的影响与加固的方式有关,受压区横向缠绕FRP加固效果最好,而沿梁纵向加固的效果并不明显。     

FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁疲劳性能的分析

随着FRP材料越来越多的用于诸如公路、铁路桥等这类长期承受疲劳荷载作用的梁式钢筋混凝土结构的加固修复中,对使用FRP加固的钢筋混凝土结构疲劳性能研究,也越来越受到国内外相关学者和工程技术人员的关注。对加固后结构的疲劳性能的研究,也是对现有的FRP加固RC结构研究内容的有力补充,使现有FRP加固钢筋混凝土结构的研究内容更为完整。本文结合现有实验,从理论上较完整地分析了FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳性能。     

Creep behaviour of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams

The strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates has shown excellent performance and, as a result, this technology is rapidly replacing steel plate bonding techniques. The numerous studies that have been carried out to date on FRP-strengthened concrete elements have mainly focussed on the static and short-term responses; very little work has been done regarding the long-term performance. This paper addresses this issue, and presents results from a series of experiments on the time-dependent behaviour of carbon FRP-strengthened concrete beams. Twenty-six reinforced concrete beams with dimensions 100 × 150 × 1800 mm, with and without bonded CFRP laminates, were investigated for their creep behaviour. Different reinforcement ratios were used to evaluate the contribution of the external reinforcement on the creep resistance of the beams. High levels of sustained load were used in order to determine the maximum sustained load that can be applied without any risk of creep failure. The applied sustained loads varied from 59% to 78% of the ultimate static capacities of the un-strengthened beams. For most of the long-term tests, the applied sustained loads were higher than the service loads. This was done to account for the fact that strengthening is typically required when a structure is expected to carry increased service loads. The main parameters of this study were (i) the level of sustained load and (ii) the strengthening scheme. The results confirm that FRP strengthening is effective for increasing the ultimate capacities of the beams; however, there is virtually no improvement in performance with regard to the long-term deflections.     

复材网格-UHTCC复合增强钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

文中进行7根复材（FRP）网格增强超高韧性纤维水泥基（UHTCC）复合加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验,将FRP网格类型、FRP网格增强率、FRP-UHTCC复合层黏结长度作为试验变量,分析各变量对FRP-UHTCC复合增强混凝土梁弯曲性能的影响。在试验研究的基础上,给出FRP-UHTCC复合增强混凝土梁的抗弯承载力计算方法。试验结果表明,FRP-UHTCC复合层与混凝土间没有发生相对滑移现象,可以有效抑制加固层端部剥离破坏,加固梁的破坏模式为FRP网格中纵向纤维筋被拉断破坏。BFRP格栅与UHTCC黏结基体没有发生脱黏现象,优于BFRP编织网与UHTCC的黏结效果。随着FRP网格增强率的增大,加固梁的抗弯承载力得到显著提高。与未加固的普通混凝土梁相比,加固梁的开裂、屈服和极限荷载最大提高幅度分别为97%、35%和33%。计算结果表明,预测值与试验值吻合较好,可以有效地预测FRP-UHTCC复合增强混凝土梁的抗弯承载力。     

纤维增强复合材料加固钢—混凝土组合梁研究综述

对钢—混凝土组合梁结构作了简要介绍,并通过探讨FRP加固钢—混凝土组合梁的研究进展,总结了FRP加固钢—混凝土组合梁的研究热点和尚待解决的突出问题,以供参考借鉴。     

考虑收缩徐变影响的两跨钢-混凝土连续组合梁长期性能预测方法

为量化混凝土翼板收缩徐变对多跨钢-混凝土连续组合梁长期性能的影响,提出相应的预测方法,基于现有两跨连续组合梁长期试验结果对典型的组合梁设计方法进行适用性评述; 在此基础上,基于龄期调整的有效模量法并考虑混凝土的收缩徐变、开裂及组合梁界面相对滑移的综合影响,提出两跨连续组合梁长期中支座弯矩与跨中挠度的计算公式,并采用长期试验结果验证预测方法的可靠性; 进一步对比不同混凝土翼板类型(收缩徐变分布模型)对组合梁长期性能的影响。结果表明:采用龄期调整的有效模量法模拟混凝土徐变特征,考虑收缩产生的附加弯矩,采用折减刚度考虑混凝土开裂与界面滑移的影响,提出的两跨连续组合梁长期性能计算公式,可有效预测组合梁长期中支座弯矩分布与跨中挠度,计算结果与试验结果最大相差25.3%; 混凝土的收缩变形对组合梁长期性能影响显著,当不考虑混凝土收缩变形时,组合梁中支座弯矩与跨中挠度仅分别为试验值的41.1%和60.6%; 组合梁长期性能设计时,应根据楼板类型采用不同的收缩徐变模型,针对钢筋混凝土楼板采用均匀收缩、均匀徐变模型,针对组合楼板采用非均匀收缩、非均匀徐变模型。     

FRP加固木结构的研究进展

通过对已有FRP加固木结构研究的总结,分析FRP加固木梁受弯承载力、受剪承载力,木柱受压承载力、徐变性能、延性性能的研究成果,并指出需进一步研究的重点。     

重庆国际学校文体中心预应力混凝土屋盖结构设计

重庆国际学校文体中心部分结构屋面采用预应力混凝土结构。通过将超长的五跨连续梁根据跨度的变化分为四跨连续梁和32.4m单跨简支梁,分别施加预应力,避免了超长引起的预应力摩擦损失过大的问题。通过采用梁下设置橡胶支座的简支大跨度预应力梁,解决了边梁的扭转和柱的大偏压问题。     

Hybrid flexural components: Testing pre-stressed steel and GFRP bars together as reinforcement for flexural members

Concrete members historically have used either pre-stressed steel or steel bars. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. However, the flexure behavior of a hybrid system reinforced by the combination of pre-stressed steel and glass fiber reinforced (GFRP) is still relatively unknown. The purpose of this work is to study this. Two slabs of 100 and 150-millimeter thickness, with a span of 2.1 m reinforced with both pre-stressing steel and GFRP were constructed and tested to failure using ACI 318-11 and ACI 440.1R-15. The concrete had strength of 31 MPa and the slabs were respectively reinforced with 5#4 bars and 3#5 bars. Each slab had 37.41 mm² prestressing wire with a failure stress of 1722.5 MPa. The experimental flexural strength and deflection of slabs were compared with their respective sizes theoretical slabs. The theoretical slabs were either reinforced with pre-stressed steel or GFRP rebars, or a hybrid system. It was found that the hybrid system produces better results.     

预应力组合梁长期性能试验研究与时随分析

在中国首次进行了预应力组合梁长期性能的试验研究。通过一年长期荷载试验，对预应力组合梁的长期变形、预应力筋应变、钢梁应变、钢梁与混凝土板之间的滑移等时随性能进行较为系统的研究，并提出了预应力组合梁长期变形的设计建议。基于龄期调整有效模量法，推导了预应力组合梁单元的徐变刚度矩阵和徐变力向量，编制了预应力组合梁时随分析程序，应用该程序的计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

不同强度混凝土T形加固梁抗弯承载力试验研究

通过11根T形梁试验,研究了嵌入式FRP筋加固具有不同强度等级混凝土梁的破坏模式、内力和变形特征等力学性能,讨论了混凝土强度等级对加固梁性能的影响。结果表明:加固筋的表面特征影响加固梁的破坏模式,光圆FRP筋加固梁产生因FRP筋-黏结剂/黏结剂-混凝土界面的剥离引起的加固梁弯曲破坏,混凝土的强度对加固梁的破坏模式基本无影响;螺旋FRP筋加固梁可能产生沿轴线方向裂缝,并最终发生由混凝土保护层的劈裂、剥落引起的加固梁弯曲破坏,但随着混凝土强度提高,加固梁的破坏可能转变为局部保护层剥落破坏模式。加固筋的表面特征是影响加固梁黏结性能的重要因素,并导致对加固梁极限承载力的影响,FRP筋的材料种类对承载力的影响不明显。随着混凝土强度等级的提高,嵌入式FRP加固梁的局部黏结强度增大,但其对加固梁承载力的影响远小于FRP筋的表面特征(变形筋)对加固梁承载力的影响。并且,混凝土强度对加固梁的极限承载力影响不大。在破坏时,各加固梁的跨中挠度的变化也差别不大。     

CFRP片材预应力加固钢筋混凝土梁的发展及现状

碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称CFRP)是由碳纤维材料与基体材料按一定比例混合并经过一定的工艺复合形成的高性能新型材料,因其具有高强、轻质、耐腐蚀以及施工方便快捷等优点,被广泛用于结构加强及加固领域,国内外利用CFRP片材加固混凝土梁经历了一个漫长的过程。该文通过对CFRP片材预应力加固混凝土梁发展历程的总结,阐述各种CFRP片材预应力加固混凝土梁方法及其优缺点,为需要利用CFRP片材预应力加固混凝土梁的设计者提供参考。     

胶合木-混凝土组合梁与木柱组合体抗震性能试验研究

木-混凝土组合楼盖已经得到了广泛的应用,但在木结构节点设计中一般均忽略混凝土楼板对节点受力性能的影响。为研究混凝土楼板的组合作用和混凝土板内纵向钢筋配筋率对胶合木-混凝土组合节点抗震性能的影响,对3个胶合木-混凝土组合梁与木柱组合体和1个胶合木梁柱组合体试件进行了低周反复加载试验,研究了试件变形特征与破坏模式、荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线及组合梁界面相对滑移等的变化规律,探讨了试件承载力、刚度退化及耗能能力等抗震性能指标,并对比分析了纯木与带有混凝土楼板的试件的抗震性能。研究结果表明,胶合木梁与混凝土板的组合作用能显著提高试件的承载力和耗能能力等,且混凝土板对节点的约束作用可以有效抑制其刚度退化;在一定范围内,混凝土板配筋率越大,其对节点的约束作用越大,对刚度退化的抑制作用也越强,从而可有效提高试件的抗震性能。     

纤维复合材料自锁式锚具设计及力学性能研究

为有效张拉和锚固环向纤维布,提出一种新型的锚固系统--自锁式锚具,该锚具由锚头、螺栓、螺母和高强纤维布组成,可以根据需要组合成单层纤维布或双层纤维布的张拉锚固装置。自锁式锚具可分为锚头固定式和锚头活动式两种,试验研究表明：锚头固定式锚具不使用黏结胶,适用于对混凝土墩柱进行快速加固,可以对环向碳纤维条带施加20%左右的预应力;锚头活动式锚具工艺简单,可以对环向碳纤维条带施加超过30%的环向预应力,更适用于实际工程。基于试验结果,给出了锚具尺寸和纤维布长度的计算方法,提出了通过扭力扳手对环向纤维布施加和控制预应力的方法,建立了扭矩与环向纤维布中预应力的换算式,并验证了该式的可靠性;分析了环向纤维布张拉过程中锚具的受力机理,理论分析和试验结果表明自锁式锚具具有良好的可靠性和实用性。