Storage stability and compatibility of asphalt binder modified by SBS graft copolymer

The performance of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer modified asphalt binder at high temperature can be improved significantly with the addition of SBS-g-M grafted with vinyl monomer under γ-rays irradiation. The dynamic mechanical properties of SBS modify asphalts binder before and after graft has been characterized by use of dynamic shear rheometer. It has been found that the added content of SBS-g-M has great effect on the rheological properties of the binder and its high temperature performance was improved while its temperature susceptibility was reduced in compare with SBS modified asphalts binder. It also has been confirmed that the morphology observed by fluorescence microscopy revealed the compatibility between SBS-g-M and asphalt and the storage stability of binder was improved significantly compared with SBS modified asphalt binder. As a consequence, the use of SBS grafted with polar monomer can be considered a suitable alternative for modification of binder in pavement.     

Micro-structural and rheological characteristics of SBS-asphalt blends during their manufacturing

Two styrene–butadiene–styrene block (SBS) copolymers which differ in weight average molecular weight and two base asphalts (from local crude source, Argentina) had been blended under different experimental conditions. Rotational viscosity, fluorescence microscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and FT-IR spectrometry were used in order to study the rheological and morphological changes of the blends during their manufacturing. Our results show that the high shear rate and temperature used during this procedure induce the SBS copolymer degradation and the degradation fragments distribution into maltenic asphalt phase. These events are responsible for the observed changes. The optimal time which produces the best rheological properties of modified asphalt depends on the blend composition and on the shear rate used.     

The research for high-performance SBR compound modified asphalt

The high-performance SBR compound modified asphalt can be made with the addition of polyphosphoric acid (PPA), styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and sulfur. The effects of PPA, SBR, sulfur on the physical properties, the dynamic rheological properties, the high-temperature storage stabilities, the morphologies and the internal structures of asphalts were studied, respectively. The high-temperature storage stability of SBR-modified asphalt can be improved significantly with the addition of PPA and sulfur by the gelation effect and the dynamical vulcanization. The addition of SBR to the pure PPA modified asphalt improved the low-temperature physical properties with unfavourable effects on the resistance to rutting. The addition of sulfur to the PPA/SBR-modified asphalt improved the rheological properties and the adhesion of modified binders to stone matrix. The optimal proportion of PPA, SBR, sulfur can improve the properties of asphalt roundly.     

Laboratory comparison of the crumb-rubber and SBS modified bitumen and hot mix asphalt

The use of crumb rubber (CR) recycled from waste tires using an ambient grinding process was evaluated at two stages in asphalt formulation. First, bitumen modified with crumb rubber was evaluated by rotational viscometery (RV), dynamic shear rheometry (DSR) and conventional binder tests. Hot asphalt mixtures including crumb-rubber-modified bitumen were then evaluated by determining the permanent and fatigue characteristics and stiffness moduli of control and modified mixtures. The properties of the crumb-rubber-modified bitumen and asphalt mixtures were compared to different contents of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified-bitumen and asphalt mixtures. The tests showed that to achieve the same performance, as with SBS-modification, the CR-content must be used at much higher than SBS. 8%-CR modification was determined as the most suitable content according to both binder and mixture tests.     

A model for dynamic creep evaluation of SBS modified HMA mixtures

The specimens, according to the Marshall Stability testing procedure, of hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing bitumen modified with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) have been constructed in the laboratory and tested under dynamic loading for permanent deformation using Suleyman Demirel University Asphalt Tester equipment (SDU-Asphalt Tester). Analysis of data shows that the permanent deformation of the samples may be modeled in terms of the specimen’s characteristics in a very satisfactory manner. Benefits of adding styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) in variant quantities and in variant types of additive to asphalt cement (AC-60/70) were investigated. Initial research was done to determine the physical properties of asphalt cement and modifiers. Fifteen asphalt binder recipes were prepared with two types of gradation, six different contents of bitumen, four different contents of polymer, three different types of polymer. After that, Marshall samples were prepared by using the modified and unmodified control asphalt binders. The results of investigation indicate that asphalt mixtures modified by any SBS additive gives the best permanent deformation resistance in the tests carried out in this study, so that, this modification increases physical and mechanical properties of asphalt binder. In this study, total deformation of each sample was calculated using a newly developed equation containing variables of mixture characteristics. In addition to these, to develop a model that could fit the creep curve a new logarithmic model derived from first 100 preconditioning loading was developed instead of power law function model for first stage of permanent deformation curves.     

The effect of styrene–butadiene–rubber/montmorillonite modification on the characteristics and properties of asphalt

In order to study the effect of styrene–butadiene–rubber/montmorillonite (SBR/MMT) modification on the characteristics and properties of asphalt, modified asphalts were prepared by incorporating MMT into SBR and mixing this into asphalt. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that SBR/MMT composites may form an intercalated structure and SBR/MMT modified asphalts may form an exfoliated structure. The morphologies of the samples have been characterized by fluorescent microscopy. The results indicate that SBR/MMT modified asphalts formed an ideal fine network structure. The addition of SBR/MMT to asphalt increased both the softening point and viscosity and decreased the penetration of the modified asphalts at high temperatures. High-temperature storage stability tests indicated that the modified asphalts are very stable in some SRB/MMT, SBR/MMT content range. Especially, the modified asphalts exhibited higher complex modulus (G¹) and lower damping factor (tan δ). It implies that SBR/MMT displays improved viscoelastic properties, resulting in enhancing its resistance to rutting at high temperature.     

The effects of using lime and styrene–butadiene–styrene on moisture sensitivity resistance of hot mix asphalt

This study focuses on determining the effects of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and using mineral filler with lime on various properties of hot mix asphalt especially moisture damage resistance. The asphalt cement was modified with 2%, 4% and 6% SBS. The lime treated mixtures containing 2% lime by weight of the total aggregate as filler. The physical and mechanical properties of polymer modified binder and binder–aggregate mixes were evaluated through their fundamental engineering properties such as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), rotational viscosimeter (RV) for binders, Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, indirect tensile strength and moisture susceptibility for mixes. The retained Marshall stability (RMS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) values were calculated to determine the resistance of mixtures to moisture damage. To investigate clearly the effective of SBS and lime seven freeze–thaw cycle was applied to specimens at TSR test. The results indicate that application of SBS modified binders and lime as mineral filler one by one improves the stability, stiffness and strength characteristic of hot mix asphalt. According to retained Marshall stability it is concluded that addition of only 2% lime have approximately same effect with addition of 6% SBS. Using lime together within the SBS modified mixes exhibit high accordance and exacerbates the improvement of properties. Specimens containing both 2% lime and 6% SBS, have the highest stiffness modulus which is 2.3 times higher than those of the control mixture and showed the least reduction in tensile strength ratio while maintaining 0.70 tensile strength ratio after seven freeze–thaw cycle.     

SBS-PU高黏高弹沥青材料组成及工艺参数研究

通过对基质沥青、聚氨酯(PU)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)等原材料的优选和分析,采用共混复合改性技术研发了一种新型的SBS-PU高黏高弹沥青.通过红外光谱(FTIR)、多应力蠕变恢复(MSCR)和动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,分析了SBS-PU高黏高弹沥青的改性机理、高温流变性能和储存稳定性.同时结合灰色关联熵分析及沥青性能变化规律,确定了改性工艺关键参数.结果表明:SBS与PU复合改性可有效提高沥青的黏弹性能,使其达到高黏高弹特性;SBS-PU复合改性过程兼具物理和化学改性;PU化学改性有助于SBS-PU高黏高弹沥青获得优异的高温流变性能和储存稳定性.推荐工艺参数为:剪切温度170℃,剪切速率4000r/min,剪切时间50min,发育时间60min.     

SBS改性沥青热储存及运输过程中的降解研究

通过室内模拟低空气浓度(或相对绝氧)环境下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青的热降解过程,测试和分析了不同条件下SBS改性沥青的性能.结果表明:在热降解过程中,SBS改性沥青低温抗裂能力随时间的延长或温度的升高而逐渐降低;与低空气浓度下热降解对SBS改性沥青微观结构的影响相比,SBS改性沥青在高空气浓度下热降解过程中有更高的羰基和更低丁二烯含量.在生产、储存和运输SBS改性沥青时,需要充分考虑时间、温度以及空气浓度对其性能的影响.     

多尺度纳米材料对沥青流变和老化性能的影响

采用布氏旋转黏度、动态剪切流变和弯曲梁流变试验,同时结合红外光谱试验对比研究了多尺度纳米材料对不同老化状态下4种沥青——SK-70和Alfa-70基质沥青、SBR和SBS改性沥青(SBRMA, SBSMA)流变性能的影响.结果表明:4种沥青经多尺度纳米材料改性后,布氏旋转黏度、复数模量及车辙因子均得到不同程度的提高;长期热氧和光氧老化后的疲劳因子降低,即抗疲劳性能得到改善,且对SBRMA的改善最明显.相比未改性沥青,多尺度纳米材料改性后4种沥青在各种老化方式下的复数模量老化指数均降低,而且SBSMA和SBRMA这2种聚合物改性沥青老化前后的丁二烯指数差值也降低,即4种沥青的耐热氧和耐光氧老化性能同时得到有效改善,且对SBRMA的改善效果最好.多尺度纳米材料提高了2种基质沥青的低温连续等级温度,但同时在一定程度上降低了2种聚合物改性沥青的低温连续等级温度.     

不同试验方法的老化沥青疲劳性能研究

通过旋转薄膜烘箱试验(RTFOT)和压力老化试验(PAV),对70~#基质沥青、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青、高黏沥青(HV)和基于化学改性原理的SBS/橡胶复合改性沥青(SRC)进行短期老化和长期老化,采用温度扫描试验、时间扫描试验、多重应力蠕变恢复(MSCR)试验和线性振幅扫描(LAS)试验对4种沥青的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明:SRC沥青的疲劳性能和抗老化能力最佳;温度扫描试验不能很好地区分不同沥青的疲劳性能差异;时间扫描试验可有效表征4种沥青的疲劳性能,但其耗时较长;MSCR试验中出现了平均弹性恢复率(R_(0.1)和R_(3.2))在长期老化之后大于短期老化之后的情况,其指标规律性和适用的沥青范围尚不明确;LAS试验可以表征沥青在重复荷载作用下的累积损伤发展过程,得到的损伤特征曲线和疲劳方程可有效评价各种沥青的疲劳性能.     

一种温拌剂对SBS改性沥青性能影响研究

研究了一种自制温拌剂对SBS改性沥青的物理性能和燃烧性能的影响,并通过动态剪切流变仪(DSR)温度扫描试验分析自制温拌剂对SBS改性沥青流变性能的影响。针入度、延度、软化点试验结果表明:自制温拌剂的加入能使沥青的稠度增加,能降低沥青的温度敏感性,提高沥青的高温性能;极限氧指数试验结果表明:温拌剂的加入能提高SBS改性沥青的阻燃性能;温度扫描试验结果表明:与SBS改性沥青相比,掺加6%温拌剂的SBS沥青有更大的复合模量、车辙因子、疲劳因子,更小的相位角,这说明温拌剂的加入提高了SBS改性沥青的车辙性能和疲劳性能。     

SBS改性剂与沥青的相容性分析

分别采用4303、LG501两种SBS改性剂与辽河90#基质沥青进行相容性试验。沥青胶浆性能结果表明两种改性剂与基质沥青相容性良好,在掺量一定的情况下,两种SBS改性剂制成的改性沥青的感温性能、高温稳定性能是4303优于LG501;低温延伸性LG501优于4303;弹性恢复、抗老化性两者性能相当。混合料性能试验结果表明,室内制成的改性沥青与成品改性沥青拌制混合料性能相当,在高温抗车辙方面稍优于取样改性沥青。     

Evaluation of the improved properties of SBR/weathered coal modified bitumen containing carbon black

One problem of polymer modified bitumens (PMBs) is the poor compatibility between polymer and bitumens. In this paper, the improved properties of bitumen binders containing various kinds of additive including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), weathered coal (WC) and carbon black (CB) under different concentrations are investigated. To assess the effects of the type and concentration of the additive on classical properties of bitumen binders, the softening points, penetration, penetration index (PI), ductility and Fraass breaking points before and after RTFOT aging are tested. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of these binders before and after ageing had been characterized by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) using a combination of temperature and frequency sweeps. With higher polymer concentrations, it produced a highly elastic network which increases the viscosity, complex modulus and elastic response of the PMBs, particularly at high service temperatures. However, ageing of PMBs tended to result in a decrease in the elastic response of the modified bitumens. It also has been confirmed that the morphology observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the compatibility among SBR, WC and bitumen. The storage stability of binder was also improved significantly.     

Performance evaluation of a high durability asphalt binder and a high durability asphalt mixture for bridge deck pavements

This paper describes the results of laboratory and full-scale performance tests for a high durability asphalt binder (HDAB) and high durability asphalt mixture (HDAM) applicable to the wearing course in a bridge deck system. The HDAB was developed using a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modifier and hydrocarbon for improving construction workability and resistance to fatigue cracking. Various binder tests were conducted on the HDAB, and test results showed that the resistance to fatigue and low temperature cracking of the HDAB increased significantly compared to that of the PG 64-22 and PG 76-22 binders. For the mixtures, the fatigue test results showed that the HDAM has a three times longer fatigue life than the SBS-modified asphalt mixture. It was also found that the HDAM has a higher resistance against moisture-induced damage. Results from full-scale accelerated testing on the bridge deck pavement system proved that the HDAM can significantly improve pavement performance.     

Effects of aging on the properties of modified asphalt binder with flame retardants

Effects of aging on the properties of asphalt binders modified by incorporating Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) and flame retardants (FR) were studied. Asphalt binders were artificially aged in the rolling thin film oven (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). The flame retardancy of modified asphalt binders were characterized using limited oxygen index (LOI), and the effects of aging on the properties of asphalt binders were studied using Brookfield viscometer test and dynamic shear rheometer test. Experimental results indicated that the flame retardancy of asphalt binder was increased after aging. But the increasing amount of LOI is low when the modified asphalt binder containing more flame retardants. The variation of the LOI, softening point, penetration, ductility and viscosity of asphalt binder decreased with flame retardant content increasing, meaning the flame retardants can improve the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of asphalt binder. Furthermore, the G^*/sin δ, stiffness and m-value of flame retardant modified asphalt binders display smaller changes after two different aging.     

老化作用下沥青混合料的疲劳及自愈合性能

通过四点弯曲疲劳试验,分析了老化作用下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青混合料和基质沥青混合料的疲劳及自愈合性能.结果表明:老化作用显著削弱了沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能,SBS改性沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能优于基质沥青混合料;老化程度和损伤程度对沥青混合料的自愈合能力影响最为显著;适当延长愈合时间和适宜的愈合温度可以提高沥青混合料的愈合率,但老化程度和损伤程度会削弱其自愈合能力;未老化条件下,基质沥青混合料的自愈合能力大于SBS改性沥青混合料,而老化条件下SBS改性沥青混合料表现出较强的自愈合能力.因此选用SBS改性沥青混合料作为路面材料可以提高沥青路面的抗疲劳及自愈合性能.     

基于MSCR试验的改性沥青高温性能评价

应用多应力蠕变恢复(MSCR)试验,对SBS改性沥青、胶粉改性沥青和高强沥青在不同温度下的不可恢复蠕变柔量Jnr与应力敏感性指标Jnr-diff进行了分析,依据AASHTO MP19-10标准对3种改性沥青进行了交通分级,并采用改性沥青混合料三轴动态蠕变试验进行了验证.结果表明:在非线性范围内应力和温度对改性沥青抗永久变形能力的影响具有等效性;随着温度的升高,改性沥青流变性能的线性范围逐渐变窄,应力敏感性更为显著;胶粉改性沥青在低应力区间的高温性能优秀,但是其线性范围很小,当应力或温度提高时胶粉改性沥青的流变性能迅速进入非线性范围,高温性能急剧衰减;不同应力和温度下改性沥青高温性能的排序发生改变,基于AASHTO MP19-10标准的交通分级能够反映改性沥青的这一特性.     

Pyrolyzed wax from recycled cross-linked polyethylene as warm mix asphalt (WMA) additive for SBS modified asphalt

Recycled polyethylene wax is a kind of pyrolyzed wax obtained from the recycled polyethylene. Effects of recycled pyrolytic cross-linked polyethylene wax (RPPW) on the properties of base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt were investigated. The effects of RPPW and Sasobit wax on the asphalt performance, structure and thermal behavior were also compared. RPPW showed superior viscosity decreasing effect on SBS modified asphalt at high-temperature. Addition of RPPW reduced penetration, increased softening point and penetration index of both base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt. Addition of RPPW also increased the complex modulus and decreased the phase angle of base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt. The results show that asphalts modified by RPPW have promised remarkable construction performance at lower temperature for warm mix asphalt. Therefore, this study represents a novel attempt to deal with the rapid growth of cross-linked polyethylene, which is very significant from an environmental and economic standpoint.     

几种改性沥青疲劳破坏评价指标及性能研究

为研究改性沥青的疲劳破坏演化规律,采用动态剪切流变仪(Dynamic Shear Rheometer,DSR),对岩沥青/SBS复合改性沥青(RA/SBS)、岩沥青/胶粉复合改性沥青(RA/CR)、岩沥青改性沥青(RA)和SBS改性沥青(SBS)进行温度扫描试验和考虑荷载控制模式(应力/应变)的时间扫描试验。基于表象法和耗散能理论,获得多种物理指标随荷载作用次数(N)的变化曲线;通过分析曲线变化规律系统地研究本研究改性沥青的疲劳行为,确定多种疲劳破坏指标(G*sinδ、TF、Nf50、Nfm、Nm、N2和Np20),并将其应用于改性沥青的疲劳性能评价与寿命评估;全面分析和客观评价不同疲劳破坏指标的评价效果,确定适用于本研究改性沥青的疲劳失效判定标准。研究结果表明：不同疲劳破坏指标对本研究改性沥青的疲劳性能评价效果存在显著差异,疲劳寿命依赖于时间扫描试验的荷载控制模式;同一种加载模式下,应用多种疲劳破坏判定指标对改性沥青进行疲劳寿命排序的结果具有一致性,添加5%岩沥青和2%SBS的RA/SBS是应力控制模式下的最佳抗疲劳性能掺配;添加5%岩沥青和18%胶粉的RA/CR是应变控制模式下的最佳抗疲劳性能掺配;增加RA/CR中的胶粉掺量,降低岩沥青掺量,可显著改善复合改性沥青的疲劳性能。通过疲劳破坏指标的几何位置判定可知,Nf50和Nfm贴近于改性沥青的完全疲劳破坏状态,可将其作为本研究改性沥青的疲劳破坏判定标准。