核函数带宽自适应的均值漂移目标跟踪算法

针对均值漂移(Mean Shift)算法在跟踪视频目标过程中核函数带宽固定不变的缺陷,提出了一种核函数带宽与目标大小自适应变化的Mean Shift视频目标跟踪算法.用Mean Shift算法搜索到目标,以搜索框中心不变,将搜索窗口扩大,并计算新搜索框的模型及每个像素的核函数权值;通过将每个像素点的核函数权值代替像素值,并利用不变矩计算方法,识别出能框选住目标的椭圆;根据椭圆参数反求新搜索框的大小(核函数带宽)及位置.实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地跟踪大小变化的目标,并且搜索框能较好地与目标大小相适应.     

基于Mean Shift算法的目标跟踪综述

介绍Mean Shift算法及其研究进展,在众多计算机视觉研究和实际应用,尤其是视频跟踪研究中,基于Mean Shift算法的视频跟踪被大量应用。就目前所应用的跟踪算法,Mean Shift算法使跟踪中存在的很多问题得到了解决,例如运动目标的突然加速,背景的干扰,目标和目标以及目标和背景之间的遮挡,背景或者目标外部的变化等。对目前基于Mean Shift算法本身及其改进方法的理论和应用进行分类和比较,详述其各自方法内容和优缺点。     

Kernel-based object tracking using asymmetric kernels with adaptive scale and orientation selection

Kernel-based object tracking refers to computing the translation of an isotropic object kernel from one video frame to the next. The kernel is commonly chosen as a primitive geometric shape and its translation is computed by maximizing the likelihood between the current and past object observations. In the case when the object does not have an isotropic shape, kernel includes non-object regions which biases the motion estimation and results in loss of the tracked object. In this paper, we propose to use an asymmetric object kernel for improving the tracking performance. An important advantage of an asymmetric kernel over an isotropic kernel is its precise representation of the object shape. This property enhances tracking performance due to discarding the non-object regions. The second contribution of our paper is the introduction of a new adaptive kernel scale and orientation selection method which is currently achieved by greedy algorithms. In our approach, the scale and orientation are introduced as additional dimensions to the spatial image coordinates, in which the mode seeking, hence tracking, is achieved simultaneously in all coordinates. Demonstrated in a set of experiments, the proposed method has better tracking performance with comparable execution time then kernel tracking methods used in practice.     

自适应带宽均值移动算法及目标跟踪

首先提出了一种经典均值移动算法的推广算法,即自适应带宽均值移动算法,进而提出了基于自适应带宽均值移动的二维视频目标跟踪算法（ABMSOT）.前者提出了在带宽自适应情况下均值移动算法求取局部极值的框架步骤,后者可实时跟踪目标的位置、大小和方向.在ABMSOT算法中,目标模型和候选模型采用自适应带宽核函数加权特征直方图描述,目标模型和候选模型的相似性采用Bhattacharyya系数度量;通过迭代两步法搜索到目标最有可能的位置、大小和方向.第一步执行一次均值移动迭代搜索目标位置,第二步计算出最能描述目标区域大小和方向的带宽矩阵.从理论上证明了两个算法的收敛性,并通过实验证明了ABMSOT算法能实时跟踪目标的位置、大小和方向.     

基于SIFT 特征的目标多自由度mean-shift 跟踪算法

传统的mean-shift跟踪算法不能跟踪目标的旋转、缩放运动,且常常因此造成定位不准.鉴于此,将尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征检测融入到mean-shift跟踪过程,提出SIFT特征点的尺度变化与目标的尺度变化成正比,特征点主方向变化与目标旋转角度一致,给出了基于SIFT特征的自适应目标尺度、方向计算方法,且利用带方向、可变带宽的椭圆核改进传统的mean-shift跟踪方法.实验表明,该算法能够较好地跟踪目标的旋转、缩放运动,定位也更准确.     

基于均值漂移与卡尔曼预测相结合的视频运动目标跟踪算法

传统的均值漂移算法是基于颜色直方图的迭代跟踪算法,在跟踪目标出现尺度变化的情况下,其跟踪结果往往出现偏差,甚至跟踪失败。鉴于此,提出了一种基于空间边缘方向直方图的均值漂移跟踪算法,使用空间分布和纹理信息作为匹配信息,将卡尔曼预测器融于均值漂移跟踪算法。实验表明,该方法能在尺度缩放等复杂背景下对目标进行准确有效的跟踪。     

A motion observable representation using color correlogram and its applications to tracking

This paper presents a special form of color correlogram as representation for object tracking and carries out a motion observability analysis to obtain the optimal correlogram in a kernel based tracking framework. Compared with the color histogram, where the position information of each pixel is ignored, a simplified color correlogram (SCC) representation encodes the spatial information explicitly and enables an estimation algorithm to recover the object orientation. In this paper, based on the SCC representation, the mean shift algorithm is developed in a translation–rotation joint domain to track the positions and orientations of objects. The ability of the SCC in detecting and estimating object motion is analyzed and a principled way to obtain the optimal SCC as object representation is proposed to ensure reliable tracking. Extensive experimental results demonstrate SCC as a viable object representation for tracking.     

Improvement of mean shift tracking performance using a convex kernel function and extracting motion information

Color feature is now taken into real consideration as one of the important cues in the area of objects tracking, in image sequences. This feature has attracted considerable attention, in recent years. One of the well-known tools in color feature extraction is to use mean shift (MS) tracking algorithm. The probability of finding the object location in line with this tracking algorithm is somehow desirable, in image sequences, by maximizing the Bhattacharyya coefficient between both objects and corresponding candidate models. Even though the MS tracking algorithm is just known as a popular tool in the field of object tracking, it does not have sufficient merit to be realized in complex environments, i.e., background with object’s similar color, sudden light changes, occlusion types and so on. In such a case, the amount of the present coefficient could truly be decreased, during the tracking process, because of the mentioned environmental problems. A convex kernel function in association with the motion information of video sequences is used in this investigation to improve the MS tracking algorithm for the purpose of overcoming the existing problems. The proposed approach is employed to present the MS kernel function, directly. Thus, by using the investigation in its present form, the capability of the MS kernel is increased. Moreover, by using both color feature and motion information, simultaneously, in comparison with single color feature, noises and also uninterested regions can actually be eliminated. Experimental results on data set illustrate that the proposed approach has an optimum performance in real-time object tracking under the severe conditions.     

基于大数据分析的移动对象轨迹预测方法

对移动对象的轨迹预测将在移动目标跟踪识别中具有较好的应用价值。移动对象轨迹预测的基础是移动目标运动参量的采集和估计,移动目标的运动参量信息特征规模较大,传统的单分量时间序列分析方法难以实现准确的参量估计和轨迹预测。提出一种基于大数据多传感信息融合跟踪的移动对象轨迹预测算法。首先进行移动目标对象进行轨迹跟踪的控制对象描述和约束参量分析,对轨迹预测的大规模运动参量信息进行信息融合和自正整定性控制,通过大数据分析方法实现对移动对象运动参量的准确估计和检测,由此指导移动对象轨迹的准确预测,提高预测精度。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行移动对象的运动参量估计和轨迹预测的精度较高,自适应性能较强,稳健性较好,相关的指标性能优于传统方法。     

Mean shift tracker combined with online learning-based detector and Kalman filtering for real-time tracking

Color-based visual object tracking is one of the most commonly used tracking methods. Among many tracking methods, the mean shift tracker is used most often because it is simple to implement and consumes less computational time. However, mean shift trackers exhibit several limitations when used for long-term tracking. In challenging conditions that include occlusions, pose variations, scale changes, and illumination changes, the mean shift tracker does not work well. In this paper, an improved tracking algorithm based on a mean shift tracker is proposed to overcome the weaknesses of existing methods based on mean shift tracker. The main contributions of this paper are to integrate mean shift tracker with an online learning-based detector and to newly define the Kalman filter-based validation region for reducing computational burden of the detector. We combine the mean shift tracker with the online learning-based detector, and integrate the Kalman filter to develop a novel tracking algorithm. The proposed algorithm can reinitialize the target when it converges to a local minima and it can cope with scale changes, occlusions and appearance changes by using the online learning-based detector. It updates the target model for the tracker in order to ensure long-term tracking. Moreover, the validation region obtained by using the Kalman filter and the Mahalanobis distance is used in order to operate detector in real-time. Through a comparison against various mean shift tracker-based methods and other state-of-the-art methods on eight challenging video sequences, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and superior in terms of accuracy and speed. Hence, it is expected that the proposed method can be applied to various applications which need to detect and track an object in real-time.     

Adaptive pyramid mean shift for global real-time visual tracking

Tracking objects in videos using the mean shift technique has attracted considerable attention. In this work, a novel approach for global target tracking based on mean shift technique is proposed. The proposed method represents the model and the candidate in terms of background weighted histogram and color weighted histogram, respectively, which can obtain precise object size adaptively with low computational complexity. To track targets whose displacements between two successive frames are relatively large, we implement the mean shift procedure via a coarse-to-fine way for global maximum seeking. This procedure is termed as adaptive pyramid mean shift, because it uses the pyramid analysis technique and can determine the pyramid level adaptively to decrease the number of iterations required to achieve convergence. Experimental results on various tracking videos and its application to a tracking and pointing subsystem show that the proposed method can successfully cope with different situations such as camera motion, camera vibration, camera zoom and focus, high-speed moving object tracking, partial occlusions, target scale variations, etc.     

基于双直方图自适应选择的目标跟踪算法*

针对传统的均值漂移算法,加入了梯度方向直方图及其与颜色直方图的自适应选择,提高了均值漂移算法在复杂场景中目标跟踪的鲁棒性。传统的均值漂移算法往往选择固定的一个颜色直方图对目标进行跟踪,当目标自身或者跟踪场景发生变化时,容易跟踪失败。通过分析被跟踪目标在当前场景中与目标模板在颜色以及梯度方向上的相似性并设定阈值,从而选择并使用当前有效的目标特征,实现复杂变化场景下的目标跟踪。一系列不同场景下的运动目标跟踪实验,证实了该算法的可靠性。     

基于空间边缘方向直方图的Mean Shift跟踪算法

传统的基于色彩直方图或空间色彩直方图的Mean Shift跟踪算法,在诸如跟踪目标出现尺度变化的复杂条件下,无法得到准确的跟踪结果。这是因为色彩直方图或空间色彩直方图无法显著区分颜色相近的目标和背景。鉴于此,提出了一种基于空间边缘方向直方图的Mean Shift跟踪算法,使用空间分布和纹理信息作为匹配信息。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效的处理遮挡、光照变化和尺度缩放等复杂情况,对目标进行准确有效的跟踪,改善了传统方法在尺度缩放等方面的局限性。     

一种基于Hausdorff距离的运动物体跟踪算法

针对视频处理中运动物体的检测和跟踪问题,提出了一种基于Hausdorff距离的目标跟踪算法。新算法提出首先采用多尺度分水岭变换获取运动物体模型,消除了传统基于分水岭变换算法存在的缺陷;然后使用部分Hausdorff距离实现后续帧中运动物体模型的匹配;最后再次使用多尺度分水岭算法完成运动物体模型的更新。实验表明,该算法可以有效地跟踪多个刚体或非刚体目标。     

基于改进光流特征的运动目标跟踪

在城市智能视频监控中需要对运动目标进行实时跟踪,针对传统的运动目标检测中出现的跟踪目标易丢失、跟踪率低、实时性差等问题,提出一种基于改进光流特征的运动目标跟踪检测方法,对运动行人目标进行跟踪。该方法首先采用改进的Vibe运动背景建模法对视频中存在的运动行人进行检测,再将Shi-Tomasi角点检测与LK光流法进行结合,将角点检测结果融入到LK光流法中,并对检测到的角点进行运动光流特征提取,最后通过卡尔曼滤波对出现的行人进行预测跟踪,采用匈牙利最优匹配算法实现对运动目标的持续匹配以及对运动目标的跟踪。仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法能够对视频中出现的运动目标进行检测跟踪,具有较好的识别效果,且检测效率得到提高。      

面向卫星在轨实时处理的遥感视频动目标提取算法

针对现有动目标检测算法应用于卫星视频存在较多伪运动误检且难以在轨实时运行,同时短程跟踪算法难以寻回丢失目标的问题,提出一种卫星在轨实时提取运动目标算法.面向运动区域设计图像分类算法以优化运动检测结果,准确筛选动目标;用短程跟踪代替逐帧检测,以降低整体算法复杂度,并设计多特征融合与时空约束的重识别机制关联短程轨迹,应对跟...     

尺度方向自适应视觉目标跟踪方法综述

视觉目标跟踪过程中出现的目标尺度和方向变化问题一直是目标跟踪中的难点,如何有效处理目标尺度方向变化是保证目标跟踪算法鲁棒性的一项重要因素。介绍了视频目标跟踪发展状况,并对现有的目标尺度和方向跟踪算法进行了分类：增量式搜索、Meanshift迭代、角点匹配、区域二阶矩、粒子滤波、相关滤波器和深度学习跟踪算法。阐述了各种算法的基本思想及其尺度和方向处理方法,重点分析了利用深度学习技术处理目标尺度和方向变化的策略,分析了各种算法的优缺点,并指出了它们的适用场合。对目标尺度和方向跟踪未来发展趋势进行了展望,提出了主要挑战和难题,对相关人员的研究工作起到参考和借鉴作用。     

结合粒子滤波与Mean shift的高速运动目标跟踪

Mean shift跟踪算法能够有效跟踪视频序列中的各种运动目标,但是该算法无法准确地跟踪视频中高速运动目标.通过分析mean shift算法的原理,指出mean shift对高速运动目标跟踪失效的原因,提出一种基于mean shift的粒子滤波跟踪的新算法.通过实验比较,该算法能改善了Mean shift算法对高速运动目标的效果,并且在存在干扰目标的情况下具备良好的跟踪效果.     

Online adaptive feature weighting for spatiogram-bank tracking

In this paper, we introduce a new adaptive feature weighting framework for multi-modal tracking. Our proposed tracker can compactly and efficiently handle multiple sources of tracking data, such as colour, brightness, gradient orientation and thermal infrared, and adaptively weight the sources based on their reliability for tracking. The adaptive weight selection mechanism is inspired by the state-of-the-art Collins tracker, but instead of treating the tracked object as a bag of features, it takes advantage of the spatial information using a global object model. Additionally, our tracker incorporates scale into the weight selection process and is shown to outperform the Collins tracker in an extensive video evaluation.     

对象空间踪迹的自动跟踪与管理

提出了一种在多个观察点对目标空间踪迹自动跟踪的方法(MOTT)。每条踪迹由若干个空间等距的节点连接构成,而节点信息从2个相似摄像头捕捉的视频流中提取。该文构造了一个三维方位模型(3DOM)来确定目标当前的位置,并预测了运动轨迹,构造了一个空间踪迹模型(STM),用来记录对象行为信息,识别对象行为特征,并通过代理对象分类管理这些踪迹。该方法可在视频防盗、航空视频监控等领域广泛应用。