Effect of nano-silica on rheology and fresh properties of cement pastes and mortars

Amorphous nano-silica (nS) particles (0–2.5 wt%) by cement were incorporated in cement pastes and mortars, and their effect on the fresh state behaviour was analysed. Rheological tests showed that after 75 min from the mixing start, the mortar having 2.5 wt% nS shows insufficient flowability to allow its continuous monitoring in a Viskomat PC viscometer. The influence of nS content was better observed on yield stress when compared with plastic viscosity values (the first increased about 66.5% while the latter just increased 3.6%). With nS addition, spread, setting time and the moment to reach the maximum temperature decreased 33%, 60% and 51.3%, respectively, when compared with samples without nS. X-ray diffraction showed presence of calcium hydroxide after 9 h in the sample with 2.5 wt% nS. The air content increased 79% and apparent density decreased 2.4% when nS was added.     

不同粒径废玻璃粉对水泥胶砂力学性能的影响

采用3种粒径(20、200、2 000目)的废玻璃粉等体积取代水泥胶砂中的标准砂,体积取代率分别为5%、10%、15%、20%,研究玻璃粉粒径和掺量对水泥胶砂的抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,并对玻璃粉水泥胶砂强度随龄期的变化规律进行了分析讨论。结果表明:不同粒径玻璃粉水泥胶砂的强度随玻璃粉掺量的变化规律存在较大的差异;在玻璃粉掺量相同的情况下,掺入较大粒径玻璃粉的水泥胶砂强度明显降低,玻璃粉粒径越小,强度降低程度越小,当玻璃粉粒径达到微米级,水泥胶砂的抗压强度和抗折强度均显著提高;玻璃粉水泥胶砂的抗压强度随龄期增长,早期强度增加的较快,后期发育增速变缓,而抗折强度早期增长的幅度较大,后期发育比较平缓。     

甘蔗糖蜜对水泥缓凝和减水的性能研究

甘蔗废糖蜜对水泥同时具有缓凝和减水作用.采用酒精凝聚法分离废糖蜜得到胶体和非胶体组份:从水泥水化热、表面张力以及吸附性能阐述了其对水泥减水和缓凝的原因.结果表明,糖蜜中的胶体组份主要起分散作用,而非胶体组份主要起缓凝作用.     

超细循环流化床粉煤灰对碱式硫酸镁水泥力学性能的影响

针对传统碱式硫酸镁(BMS)水泥制备工艺中硫酸镁需加热溶解及粉煤灰添加后相容性差的问题,采用硫酸、超细循环流化床粉煤灰(UCFA)、氧化镁为原料制备BMS水泥,主要研究了UCFA及其掺量对BMS水泥力学性能的影响。结果表明,BMS水泥的抗压强度随养护时间的延长而提高,随UCFA掺量的增加而降低。掺10%UCFA的BMS水泥抗压强度与不掺UCFA的相近,28 d抗压强度分别达到了79.1、79.5 MPa,且具有优异的早强性能。将UCFA与硫酸反应后加入氧化镁制备BMS水泥,优先酸浸可以对UCFA进行刻蚀,通过增加UCFA表面粗糙度来促进其反应,从而改善水泥性能,并且降低生产成本,而且掺入一定量的UCFA可以增加水泥的密实度,从而提高抗压强度。     

Effect of temperature on porosity and on chloride diffusion in cement pastes

This paper is related to the effect of temperature upon the diffusive properties and the microstructural features of cementitious materials. Our experimental studies aim at linking the transport properties to the porosity and the cracks network of the microstructure.

The studied materials were three cement pastes having different water to cement (W/C) ratios (W/C = 0.35, 0.45 and 0.60). Rise of temperature in concrete structures was simulated by heating at different temperatures (45 °C, 80 °C and 105 °C). Evolution of microstructure was essentially characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Diffusion tests in non-steady-state regime were carried out in order to characterize the diffusive properties. Apparent diffusion coefficients were determined from colorimetric method to follow the ingress of chloride and an analytical solution of Fick’s second law.

Our results showed that rise of temperature induced macroscopic cracking network and modification of pore size distribution. As a consequence, the transport properties were modified by thermal treatment. These modifications were mostly explained by the increase of capillary porosity.     

电解锰渣改性炭质页岩对水泥力学性能的影响

通过将电解锰渣、炭质页岩和石灰石结合起来,压制成型后进行高温煅烧,研究了煅烧产物对水泥力学性能的影响,结果表明:当电解锰渣、炭质页岩与石灰石的质量比为20∶60∶20,煅烧温度为800℃,掺量为30%,取水胶比为0.5时,其作为掺合料效果最好。     

水泥浆液结石体强度试验研究

为了分析不同浆液配合比对水泥浆液结石体强度的影响,采用正交试验法研究了不同的水泥、速凝早强剂、膨胀剂与水结石体无侧限抗压强度和塑性强度的关系,试验结果表明,水泥浆液最佳配比为1.5∶1,速凝早强剂用量占水泥重的1.2%,膨胀剂用量占水泥重的0.02%。     

水性环氧乳液改性水泥复合材料的力学性能研究

采用研制的非离子型水性环氧乳液与水泥共混,制备高强度水性环氧乳液改性水泥复合材料。分别测试不同养护条件下水性环氧乳液对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,水性环氧乳液能提高复合材料的抗压、冲击、弯曲强度及其韧性,同时可以降低复合材料的吸水率、提高耐腐蚀性。对水性环氧与水泥共混的机理进行了分析和模拟。     

外加剂对硫氧镁水泥力学性能的影响及水化机理分析

对比了柠檬酸、磷酸二氢钠、乙二胺四乙酸3种外加剂掺量分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%(以氧化镁的质量计)时对硫氧镁水泥强度的影响,并通过XRD、XPS、FTIR、SEM对加入外加剂后硫氧镁水泥的水化机理进行了分析。结果表明:3种外加剂中,柠檬酸对硫氧镁水泥的改性效果最好;掺加1.5%柠檬酸的硫氧镁水泥28 d抗压强度达到73.33 MPa,较未掺加外加剂的试块提高了56.5%;加入外加剂后水化产物中出现了针状的5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O相(517相)晶体,可以很好的改善硫氧镁水泥的力学性能;外加剂的加入阻碍了活性MgO表面Mg(OH)2的生成,促进了碱式硫酸镁复盐的形成。     

Physical and mechanical properties of mortars without cement

In this study, production of mortars with disposable polyethylene bottles, but without cement, was investigated. The disposable polyethylene bottles were crushed and converted into fiber formation. Then fibers were molten with different types of sands at the temperature range of 180-200 °C. Some physical (e.g. water absorption and abrasion resistance) and some mechanical (e.g. bending strength, compressive strength, toughness) properties of mortars were tested. The results indicated that bending strength and toughness of mortars were improved. Besides, water absorption of mortar was negligible and abrasion was nearly equal to zero.     

木灰比对水泥纤维板吸声性能与导热性能的影响

随着社会的发展,人们生活质量的不断提高,对居住声环境及保温要求也越来越高,因此改善声环境、提高居住的保温性能越来越引起大家的重视。本文研究植物纤维/水泥比(木灰比)对于水泥纤维板吸声系数和导热系数的影响。研究发现,水泥纤维板的导热系数随木灰比的增大而逐渐减小;水泥纤维板的吸声系数基本接近于1,随木灰比的变化对其影响不大,吸声性能好。     

Effect of free water removal from early-age hydrated cement pastes on thermal analysis

In order to follow the progress of cement hydration by analytical techniques, the ongoing hydration reactions must be stopped by complete removal of free water. A comparison between solvent exchange, oven drying and vacuum drying, using thermal analysis, is presented for early-age hydrated cement pastes. Results show that oven drying at 105 °C accelerates hydration, causes dehydration of some hydrated cement phases and favours carbonation. Solvent exchange with ethanol, ether and methanol results in a strong absorption and an incomplete removal of solvents. FT-IR and XRD gave evidence of the formation of carbonate-like phases due to an interaction upon heating, i.e. during thermal analysis, between the strongly absorbed solvents and the cement compounds or hydrates. Vacuum drying reveals reliable results as no interaction products can be formed and the Ca(OH)₂ content, determined by thermal analysis, gives a good approximation of the real amount of Ca(OH)₂.     

PRC低水胶比体系硅酸盐水泥水化特性与力学性能研究

本文研究了PRC（Pore Reduced Cement)材料的成型压力和养护龄期对水泥强度发展的影响和成型工艺与材料力学性能之间的联系，探讨了在PRC低水胶比体系中水泥的水化程度随龄期变化的规律和水泥水化产物微观形貌特点以及优化成型工艺来提高材料性能。     

Mineralogy of plain Portland and blended cement pastes

The compressive strength and microstructure of blended cement was investigated in this study. The hydration products of cements were identified by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarising microscopy (thin section). Results indicated that the blended cement required pozzolanic activity in addition to its cementing property with the addition of 30% material. Aggregations of belite grains were observed which were surrounded by alite. Blended cement exhibited high early-term strength. However, its 3d-age strength is lower than ordinary Portland cement. On the other hand, all blended cement mortars fulfil the compressive strength requirements of TS 24. Hence, it can be said that blended cement can achieve adequate early compressive strength. A reduction in the amount of CSH gel and the porosity of the matrix in mortars were found to be responsible for the poor compressive strength of the cement paste in early the age.     

再生砂水泥砂浆力学性能试验研究

通过测定再生砂水泥砂浆的胶砂流动度、抗压强度、抗折强度和韧性,探究了再生砂取代率及养护龄期对再生砂水泥砂浆力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：增大再生砂取代率,胶砂流动度会降低0.95%～10.00%,再生砂水泥砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度整体表现为下降趋势,当取代率超过15%时,再生砂水泥砂浆的韧性会增加;增大养护龄期,再生砂水泥砂浆的抗压强度和抗折强度会增大,但韧性会减小。     

不同环境条件下水泥土的力学特性研究

基于水泥土的实际工程应用环境,通过室内对比试验,研究了水泥土在密封养护（基准养护）、室温清水中浸泡、硫酸钠溶液中浸泡等3种条件下强度等力学性能的变化规律,得出相应的试验结论,为进一步明确工程应用中水泥土的强度等力学性能参数的应用条件及水泥土耐久性能的改善提供了技术基础。     

夯实水泥土受力性能试验研究及工程应用

通过对水泥土试块无侧限抗压强度的试验研究,分析了含水量、水泥掺量和养护龄期对黄土状粉质黏土水泥土桩无侧限抗压强度的影响,建立了水泥土试块无侧限抗压强度与养护龄期和水泥掺量的关系式,为寻求更加经济、合理的施工配合比和参数提供了理论依据。用试验成果指导某工程实践,取得了较好的经济效益。     

水泥固化土力学性质影响因素的探讨

目前,提高水泥固化土强度的措施很多,从水泥固化土材料组成成分的比例(掺砂率、含水量、砂粒径)、外掺剂、施工工艺等多个方面对影响水泥固化土强度的因素进行了分析研究阐述,同时提出不足。     

脂肪族高效减水剂对水泥水化的微观作用机理

通过运用现代测试分析方法(RD、XRD,SEM、TG-DTA)研究了脂肪族高效减水剂对水泥水化和水泥微观结构的影响.结果分析表明,脂肪族高效减水剂能够显著有效降低水泥硬化过程中的孔隙率和孔径,改善孔的结构分布,在加入SAF减水剂1d水泥初期水化速度较慢,28d以后加入脂肪族减水剂的水泥熟料的水化程度与不加脂肪族减水剂的水泥熟料的水化程度逐渐相同.28d掺加SAF减水剂的水泥石SEM显示内部结构均匀致密、大孔减少,有大量的C-S-H凝胶生成,提高了混凝土结构的强度与耐久性.