Effect of aggregate type on properties of hardened self-consolidating lightweight concrete (SCLC)

In this study, the effects of aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties of hardened self-consolidating concrete produced with lightweight aggregate (SCLC) were investigated. In experiments, three coarse lightweight aggregate (LWA) types, pumice, volcanic tuff and diatomite, and normal limestone aggregate were used. Different combinations of water to binder ratio and superplasticizer dosage levels were prepared for the SCLC mixtures. The total powder content (cement and mineral additives) was constant in the experiments. Physical properties such as thermal conductivity, dry unit weight, porosity and capillarity; mechanical properties such as compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and abrasion resistance were determined in hardened condition. The results, in general, showed that SCLC with LWA in lower unit weight has lower mechanical and physical properties except for thermal properties when compared to properties of SCC.     

引气浮石轻骨料混凝土抗冻耐久性的试验研究

在水灰比和水泥用量不变的情况下,配制了四种不同含气量的浮石轻骨料混凝土,进行了力学性能试验及抗冻耐久性试验.结果表明:随着含气量的增加,浮石轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度在逐渐减小,抗冻耐久性是先降低后提高.对于四组浮石轻骨料混凝土,抗冻性不仅与含气量有关,还与强度有关.因此,要想提高混凝土的抗冻耐久性,必须加入足够量的引气剂,这样才能保证在混凝土强度下降的同时,抗冻耐久性也能提高.     

Bond characteristics of plain and deformed bars in lightweight pumice concrete

An investigation is conducted to determine the bond characteristics of plain and deformed reinforcing bars in lightweight volcanic pumice concrete (VPC) and normal concrete (NC). VPC and NC are manufactured by incorporating crushed lightweight pumice and gravel aggregates, respectively. Bond tests are conducted on 112 pullout specimens to study the influence of type of concrete (NC or VPC), type of reinforcing bars (plain or deformed), length of embedment (l_e) and age/strength of concrete on bond strength and failure modes. The load–slip responses, failure modes and bond strengths of VPC and NC are compared at various ages ranging from 1 to 28 days. The performance of Code based and other existing bond equations in predicting bond strength of plain and deformed bars is analyzed by taking into consideration of the influence of failure modes. concrete types and embedded length.     

Performance comparison of laboratory and field produced pervious concrete mixtures

Portland cement pervious concrete (PCPC) is an environmentally friendly paving material that has been increasingly used in parking lots as well as low volume and low speed pavements. Although specifications are available for the mix design and construction of pervious concrete, there still remains a need for laboratory tests to ensure the anticipated performance of laboratory designed pervious concrete. In this study, the performance of laboratory and field produced pervious concrete mixtures as well as field cores were evaluated and compared through laboratory performance tests, including air voids, permeability, compressive and split tensile strengths, as well as Cantabro and freeze–thaw durability tests. Two types of coarse aggregate, limestone and granite, with two gradings, No. 8 and No. 89 specified in ASTM C33, were used to produce the mixtures. Latex, air-entraining admixture (AEA), and high range water reducer (HRWR) were also added to improve the overall performance of pervious concrete. The results indicated that the mixtures made with limestone and latex had lower porosity and permeability, as well as higher strength and abrasion resistance than other mixtures. Even for pervious concrete, the addition of AEA could still help to improve the freeze–thaw resistance. The comparison between laboratory and field mixtures showed that a properly designed and laboratory verified pervious concrete mixture could meet the requirements of permeability, strength, and durability performance in the field.     

Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates

In this paper an investigation of mechanical behaviour and elastic properties of recycled-aggregate concretes is presented. These concretes were prepared by alternatively using two different (coarse and finer coarse) recycled-aggregate fractions both made of recycled concrete coming from a recycling plant in which rubble from demolition is collected and suitably treated. Several concrete mixtures were prepared by using only virgin aggregates (as reference), 30% finer coarse recycled aggregate replacing fine gravel and 30% coarse recycled aggregate replacing gravel. Five different water to cement ratios were adopted as: 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60. Concrete workability was in the slump range of 190–200 mm. Compression tests were carried out after 28 days of wet curing. In addition, concrete elastic modulus and drying shrinkage were evaluated. Results obtained showed that structural concrete up to C32/40 strength class can be manufactured by replacing 30% virgin aggregate with recycled-concrete aggregate. Moreover, a correlation between elastic modulus and compressive strength of recycled-aggregate concrete was found and compared to those reported in the literature. Finally, on the basis of drying shrinkage results, particularly if finer coarse recycled-concrete aggregate is added to the mixture, lower strains could be detected especially for earlier curing time.     

轻骨料透水混凝土的研究

用粘土陶粒作为粗骨料、膨胀珍珠岩作为细骨料和其他胶凝材料(水泥和粉煤灰)通过人工搅拌的方法配制轻骨料透水混凝土,研究不同的水泥、粉煤灰和细轻骨料用量对混凝土抗压强度、孔隙率、透水系数、pH值及表观密度等性能的影响。结果表明,随着水泥、粉煤灰和细轻骨料用量的增加,轻骨料透水混凝土的强度增加、表观密度增大,而孔隙率、透水系数会降低,pH值变化不大。     

Some engineering properties of stabilized clayey soils incorporating natural pozzolans and industrial wastes

Clayey soils are stabilized with various dosages of cement kiln dust, volcanic ash and their combinations. The influence of stabilizers is evaluated through Atterberg limits, standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The durability properties of 14 stabilized soil mixtures are also investigated by studying the influence of water immersion on strength, water sorptivity and drying shrinkage. Correlations between strength, modulus of elasticity and CBR are also established. Developed stabilized soil mixtures have shown satisfactory strength and durability characteristics and can be used for low-cost construction to build houses and road infrastructures. The use of stabilized soils with locally available soils, volcanic ash and cement kiln dust can provide sustainability to the local construction industry.     

石粉掺量对轻骨料混凝土性能的影响

采用天然浮石作为粗骨料,以LC40强度等级的轻骨料混凝土为基准,研究石粉掺量对轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、轴心抗压强度的影响,提出了应力-应变曲线的本构方程,运用扫描电镜分析了石粉掺量对其结构的影响.结果表明:石粉的掺入对轻骨料混凝土性能的改善较为明显,石粉掺量为30%(质量分数)时其力学性能最佳;轻骨料混凝土的本构关系用有理式方程表达更精确.     

再生混凝土的配合比及其耐久性的研究

本文研究了再生粗骨料掺量、再生细骨料掺量、粉煤灰取代水泥量和水灰比对再生混凝土抗压强度和坍落度的影响。正交试验表明,再生粗骨料的掺量是影响再生混凝土强度和坍落度的主要因素;通过正交分析,提出了再生混凝土的最佳配合比,并选出强度和坍落度均比较高的三组混凝土做耐久性的试验研究。     

预湿轻集料对高强混凝土早期收缩的影响

本文研究了用预湿轻集料部分取代普通粗集料对高强混凝土的强度和收缩的影响。用15％的预湿轻集料部分取代普通粗集料对于减少混凝土的自收缩有很大的效应。这个理论可以认为预湿轻集料给水泥提供了内部水分的供应．使其继续水化,阻止了收缩。     

Scrap-tyre-rubber replacement for aggregate and filler in concrete

In this research the performance of concrete mixtures incorporating 5%, 7.5% and 10% of discarded tyre rubber as aggregate and cement replacements was investigated. Numerous projects have been conducted on replacement of aggregates by crumb rubbers but scarce data are found on cementitious filler addition in the literature. Hence to examine characteristics of tyre crumb-containing concrete, two sets of concrete specimens were made. In the first set, different percentages by weight of chipped rubber were replaced for coarse aggregates and in the second set scrap-tyre powder was replaced for cement. Selected standard durability and mechanical test were performed and the results were analysed. The mechanical tests included compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. The durability tests included permeability and water absorption. The results showed that with up to 5% replacement, in each set, no major changes on concrete characteristics would occur, however, with further increase in replacement ratios considerable changes were observed.     

Valorization of coarse rigid polyurethane foam waste in lightweight aggregate concrete

This study examines the mechanical properties and the durability parameters of lightweight aggregate concretes (LWAC) incorporating rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam waste as coarse aggregates (8/20 mm). The influence of both the increasing incorporation of PUR foam waste and the presence of superplasticizer on the workability, bulk density, mass loss, drying shrinkage, compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, total porosity, gas permeability and chloride diffusion coefficient of the different concretes, has been investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the use of PUR foam waste enabled to reduce by 29–36% the dry density of concrete compared to that of the normal weight concrete (made without foam waste). The reduction of density was due to the increase of total porosity in the lightweight concretes, which also induced higher gas permeability and chloride diffusion coefficient. These negative effects on durability of concrete were lowered by improving the characteristics of the cementitious matrix. The mechanical properties of the LWAC ranged between 8 and 16 MPa for the compressive strength and between 10 and 15 GPa for the dynamic modulus of elasticity; the concrete mixture with the higher performances almost satisfied the mechanical and density criteria of structural lightweight concrete. These results consolidate the idea of the use of PUR foam waste for the manufacture of lightweight aggregate concretes.     

不同湿度环境下内养护混凝土气体传输性能试验研究

采用预湿轻骨料作为内养护材料代替普通粗、细骨料拌制混凝土,既可以缓解混凝土早期自收缩和开裂的问题,又能减轻混凝土的自重。然而,预湿轻骨料的内养护效率受混凝土自身水胶比和外界养护环境的影响较大。开展了不同水胶比、不同湿度环境(饱和石灰水养护、喷雾养护、密封养护以及干燥养护)下普通混凝土及内养护混凝土氧气扩散和渗透性能试验。从混凝土的骨料界面过渡区结构、内部相对湿度、水化程度、混凝土孔隙率和孔隙迂曲度等方面,研究了水胶比、养护环境以及内养护材料对混凝土气体传输性能的影响,分析了不同养护环境下轻骨料的内养护效率,以及不同湿度养护条件下混凝土中气体的传输机制。结果表明：高水胶比混凝土的氧气扩散系数及渗透系数均显著高于低水胶比混凝土的;预湿轻骨料的掺入降低了混凝土的氧气扩散性能,提高了其氧气渗透性能;随着养护环境湿度的减小,混凝土的氧气扩散系数和渗透系数增加;预湿轻骨料在低水胶比、密封养护条件下内养护效率较高。     

基于轻骨料混凝土用于寒冷地区的试验研究

为了研究天然轻骨料在寒冷地区应用的可能性,本文着眼于内蒙地区蕴藏的大量浮石资源,通过试验研究纤维轻骨料混凝土的抗冻性能及抗硫酸盐冻融性能.研究发现,纤维加入后可以减缓轻骨料混凝土的强度损失,随纤维掺量的增加,改善效果显著,但纤维掺人对质量损失的影响并不明显.轻骨料混凝土在硫酸钠溶液中的冻融损伤比在水中更加严重.微观图片显示,聚丙烯纤维与水泥浆体的粘结比钢纤维强;掺入硅灰后,界面过渡区明显改善,抗冻融耐久性显著提高.     

Durability of lightweight concretes with lightweight fly ash aggregates

This paper presents the effects of aggregate properties such as strength, porosity, water absorption, bulk density and specific gravity on the strength and durability of lightweight fly ash aggregate concrete (LWAC). The influence of properties of four aggregates (sintered lightweight fly ash aggregates, cold-bonded lightweight fly ash aggregate and normalweight aggregate) on mechanical and durability properties of concrete is discussed. Experimental results revealed that durable high-strength air-entrained lightweight concretes could be produced using sintered or cold-bonded lightweight fly ash aggregates, having comparable performance with the normalweight concretes. The use of lightweight aggregates (LWA) instead of normalweight aggregates in concrete production decreased the strength and stiffness due to the higher porosity and lower strength of the aggregate included in the concrete. However, permeability of sintered fly ash aggregate lightweight concretes was comparable and slightly lower than normalweight concrete whereas permeability of cold-bonded fly ash lightweight concrete was greater than the others. All concretes had a durability factor greater than 85, which met the requirements by showing quite perfect resistance to freeze–thaw.     

Properties of cement kiln dust concrete

This paper reports results of a study conducted to assess the properties of cement kiln dust (CKD) blended cement concretes. Cement concrete specimens were prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% CKD, replacing ASTM C 150 Type I and Type V. The mechanical properties of CKD concrete specimens were evaluated by measuring compressive strength and drying shrinkage while the durability characteristics were assessed by evaluating chloride permeability and electrical resistivity. The compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased with the quantity of CKD. However, there was no significant difference in the compressive strength of 0 and 5% CKD cement concretes. A similar trend was noted in the drying shrinkage strain. The chloride permeability increased and the electrical resistivity decreased due to the incorporation of CKD. The performance of concrete with 5% CKD was almost similar to that of concrete without CKD. Therefore, it is suggested to limit the amount of CKD in concrete to 5% since the chloride permeability and electrical resistivity data indicated that the chances of reinforcement corrosion would increase with 10% and 15% CKD.     

粗集料对混凝土服役性能的影响

混凝土是由水泥砂浆填充粗集料孔隙形成的密实结构,粗集料构成了混凝土中的强度骨架,粗集料的强度、最大粒径、岩石类型以及在混凝土中的体积分数等都会对混凝土的各项性能产生不同程度的影响.对诸多文献中粗集料对混凝土强度、弹性模量、收缩和渗透性能的影响的研究成果进行了综述,为混凝土配合比的科学设计提供参考.     

再生骨料高性能混凝土收缩徐变对比试验研究

用不同粗骨料(石灰石碎石、再生粗骨料)、细骨料(河砂、人工砂、再生细骨料)两两相组合,共配制6组高性能混凝土进行对比试验,测试抗压强度、弹性模量、收缩和徐变4个性能指标并进行显著性分析。结果表明,骨料类型对高性能混凝土抗压强度的影响不明显,但对弹性模量、收缩和徐变性能都有显著影响。粗骨料对弹性模量和收缩性能的影响较为显著,细骨料对徐变的影响较为显著。再生粗骨料混凝土收缩、徐变早期发展较慢,而中后期的发展速度明显快于普通混凝土;再生细骨料混凝土收缩、徐变的发展速度始终远快于普通混凝土。在此基础上,提出了考虑粗、细骨料类型和骨料种类的高性能混凝土收缩和徐变的预测模型。     

Lightweight concrete made from oil palm shell (OPS): Structural bond and durability properties

The first part of this experimental program was to determine the structural bond properties of lightweight concrete incorporating solid waste oil palm shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate and also to compare its behaviour with other types of lightweight aggregate concretes. Other properties of OPS concrete namely the split tensile strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were also determined. The structural bond properties were determined through pull-out test. The results showed that the experimental bond strength of OPS concrete was much higher than the design bond strength as stipulated by BS 8110. In general, the properties of OPS concrete compared well with that of other structural lightweight concretes and the results obtained encourage the use of OPS as aggregates for the production of structural lightweight concrete. The second part of the experimental program investigates the durability performance of OPS concrete through water permeability and water absorption tests.     

粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的耐久性分析

采用扫描电镜分析研究了粉煤灰陶粒混凝土和普通混凝土的粗骨料与水泥石界面组成及结构;研究发现,轻骨料与水泥石界面致密,水泥及粉煤灰掺合料水化完全。从混凝土的微观结构入手,对粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的耐久性能做了分析,并通过抗碳化试验和抗弯曲疲劳试验对其耐久性能做进一步阐述。