异形钢纤维与混凝土粘结性能试验研究

自行设计了异形钢纤维与混凝土粘结强度试验方法.以混凝土基体强度、钢纤维形状和钢纤维埋角为参数,制作了24组试件,进行了钢纤维与混凝土基体的粘结试验.试验结果表明:混凝土基体强度、钢纤维形状以及钢纤维埋角是影响钢纤维与混凝土界面粘结强度以及异形钢纤维在拔出过程中所耗能量的主要因素;界面粘结强度随混凝土基体强度的提高而增大;B型(书钉型)钢纤维的粘结性能和拔出时所耗能量均优于J型(剪切平直型)钢纤维;界面粘结强度以及钢纤维拔出时的总耗能随钢纤维埋角的增大而降低.     

Pullout behavior of inclined steel fiber in an ultra-high strength cementitious matrix

In this study, as a part of research to characterize the tensile properties of steel fiber reinforced ultra-high strength cementitious composites, pullout tests of steel fiber were performed to evaluate the effect of fiber inclination angle on the load direction and an analytical pullout model was derived considering this effect. The fiber inclination angles considered in the pullout tests were 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°. From the pullout tests, it was observed that the largest peak load was obtained at an angle of 30° or 45°, and the peak slip increased as the fibers were oriented at a more inclined angle. Based on the experimental results, an analytical pullout behavior model considering fiber inclination was proposed. In order to take into account the effect of fiber inclination in the pullout model, apparent shear strengths (τ_(app)) and slip coefficient (β) were introduced to express the variation of pullout peak load and the augmentation of peak slip as the inclined angle increases. These variables are expressed as functions of the inclined angle (ϕ).     

钢纤维膨胀混凝土与钢筋粘结性能研究

为探讨钢纤维与膨胀剂的联合增强作用对变形钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响,采用不同的膨胀剂和钢纤维掺量,进行了变形钢筋与钢纤维膨胀混凝土的粘结拔出试验,量测了钢筋的拔出力和钢筋自由端的滑移,测得了其拔出粘结－滑移曲线;分析了钢纤维与膨胀剂联合作用对粘结强度和粘结破坏延性的影响;给出了与混凝土本身抗拉性能相关的、与试验结果符合良好的粘结强度计算公式。     

钢纤维形状对超高性能纤维混凝土力学性能的影响

钢纤维通常加工成端部扁平(简称"端平")或端部弯起(简称"端弯")形状以增强纤维与混凝土的粘结锚固,不同纤维形状对超高性能纤维混凝土力学性能影响差异有待试验验证。对纤维体积率分别为1%、2%、2.5%和3%,端平或端弯两种钢纤维制成的超高性能纤维混凝土的性能差异进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:纤维体积率为2%时,端平纤维超高性能混凝土的工作和力学性能最佳;体积率在2%～2.5%时,端平钢纤维混凝土的抗弯强度和断裂能都优于端弯纤维混凝土;由于端弯纤维的端部锚固效果好,端弯纤维混凝土梁在超过峰值荷载后的延性好于端平纤维梁。     

异形钢纤维对超高性能混凝土增强增韧的影响

以钢纤维掺量、类型和分布方式为变量,测试了掺异形钢纤维超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的直接拉伸性能和弯曲韧性,并采用显微镜对这种钢纤维的拔出通道和拔断截面进行了观测.结果表明:异形钢纤维对UHPC具有较好的增强增韧效果,相应试件的直接拉伸强度、断裂能及裂后承载力均大幅提高,且其掺量越大,提高幅度越显著;当异形钢纤维沿拉应力方向有序分布时,与随机分布相比,更有利于UHPC的增强增韧;相比于端钩型钢纤维,在相同掺量下,波纹型钢纤维的增强增韧效果更佳,其拔出通道更加曲折,还存在被拉直的现象,这主要是由于其与基体间存在更强的机械咬合力所致;此外,在拉拔过程中,2种异形钢纤维的断口邻近截面均出现了明显的颈缩.     

基于单根纤维拉拔试验的波形纤维加筋土界面强度研究

纤维/土界面间的力学作用特性是决定纤维加筋土工程性质的关键因素。为了改善纤维/土界面作用力,开发了一种新型的波形纤维作为加筋材料,并自主设计了一套拉拔试验装置,对单根纤维加筋土开展了多组拉拔试验,定量获得了波形纤维加筋土的拉拔特性及界面剪切强度,通过与传统直线形纤维对比,分析了波形纤维/土界面的力学作用机理,并从理论上探讨了波形纤维的最大临界加筋长度。结果表明：提出的单根纤维拉拔试验方法及设计的试验装置为研究纤维/土界面力学作用提供了有效的途径,试验结果具有较好的可重复性;直线形纤维的拉拔曲线呈典型的单峰特征,拉力达到峰值后迅速减小到残余值并逐渐趋于稳定,而波形纤维的拉拔曲线呈显著的多峰特征,曲线波长与纤维的波长基本一致;通过对比,波形纤维/土界面剪切强度明显高于直线形纤维,强度值提高了178%,极大改善了纤维的加筋效果,此外,波形纤维拉拔曲线各峰值对应的界面剪切强度及残余剪切强度随拉拔位移呈指数递减趋势;利用测得的纤维/土界面剪切强度,结合纤维自身的抗拉强度和一些假设条件,能确定纤维的最大临界加筋长度,对实际工程设计有一定参考意义。     

钢纤维高强混凝土与钢筋的粘结性能试验研究

通过126个尺寸为150mm立方体的钢纤维高强混凝土标准试件，进行了钢筋全长粘结的拔出试验，分别量测出光圆钢筋、变形钢筋与钢纤维高强混凝土的荷载与自由端的粘结滑移关系，研究了钢纤维体积率和钢纤维类型对钢纤维高强混凝土粘结性能的影响。根据现行《钢纤维混凝上试验方法》进行的试验结果表明，钢纤维的加入对光圆钢筋与高强混凝土的极限粘结强度无显著影响；对变形钢筋与高强混凝土的极限粘结强度有一定影响，但缺乏明显的规律性。通过对试件破坏形态及试验结果的分析得出结论，现行《钢纤维混凝土试验方法》有关粘结性能的试验方法不适用于高强混凝土及钢纤维高强混凝土。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土力学性能试验研究

试验研究了聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗冲磨强度及弯曲性能，并与钢纤维混凝土进行了对比。结果表明：在混凝土基体不变情况下，低掺量聚丙烯纤维(掺量为0．91kg／m^3)略微降低混凝土的抗压强度和抗剪强度，少许提高混凝土的抗弯强度，显著提高混凝土的弯曲韧性和断裂能，从而起到阻裂和增韧作用，而对混凝土的抗冲磨性能几乎没有改善。另外．网状聚丙烯纤维对混凝土抗弯强度和韧性的改善优于聚丙烯单丝纤维，但它们较钢纤维的增强增韧效果还有一定差距。     

锈蚀后钢纤维和钢纤维混凝土的力学性能

通过对剪切型、铣削型、切断型3种钢纤维和钢纤维混凝土的快速锈蚀试验,研究了锈蚀前后钢纤维的外观、弯折性能和抗拉强度的变化,以及钢纤维混凝土经过不同锈蚀时间后的抗压强度和抗拉强度的变化规律.结果表明:随锈蚀时间的增加,钢纤维的锈蚀程度逐渐增大,弯折性能和抗拉强度逐渐降低,钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度和抗拉强度随之减小.但是抗压强度和抗拉强度的变化规律有所不同,当锈蚀时间较短时,抗压强度变化不明显,在锈蚀时间超过60d以后,抗压强度显著降低.而抗拉强度随锈蚀时间的增加逐渐下降.锈蚀时间相同时,抗拉强度的降低幅度比抗压强度的降低幅度小.切断型钢纤维的抗锈蚀能力相对较好,剪切型和铣削型钢纤维的抗锈蚀能力相对较差.     

钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉性能试验研究

完成了22组共110个钢纤维高强混凝土试件的轴拉试验。分析研究了钢纤维高强混凝土的轴拉强度和劈拉强度的关系,钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉性能随钢纤维体积掺量、基体强度及钢纤维类型的变化规律。给出了钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉应力-应变全曲线的数学模型,根据试验数据的回归分析确定了曲线相关的参数。研究成果对钢纤维高强混凝土在结构中的应用提供了依据。     

Fire behavior of eccentrically loaded slender high strength concrete-filled tubular columns

This paper describes a series of 24 fire tests conducted on slender circular hollow section columns filled with normal and high strength concrete, subjected to eccentric axial load. It is a continuation of a previous research paper (Romero et al., 2011 [1]), where test results on centrally loaded columns were presented. The test parameters covered in this fire testing program were the nominal strength of concrete (30 and 90 MPa), the infilling type (plain, bar-reinforced and steel fiber reinforced concrete), the axial load level (20% and 40%) and the load eccentricity (20 and 50 mm). The columns were tested under fixed-pinned boundary conditions, with a relative slenderness at room temperature higher than 0.5 for all the specimens. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of eccentricity in combination with the type of concrete infill. The results show that the addition of steel fibers does not improve the fire resistance of slender columns under eccentric loads, as compared to columns filled with plain concrete. However, the addition of reinforcing bars increases the fire resistance of the columns in this situation. Filling the steel hollow section columns with concrete increases their fire resistance, the increase in load bearing capacity being more noticeable for columns filled with high strength concrete. A comparison with the current simple calculation model in Eurocode 4 Part 1.2 shows that, although the method is safe for eccentrically loaded columns, it produces a high error in the predictions for columns filled with plain or steel fiber reinforced concrete.     

生态钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂性能

为掌握生态钢纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性和断裂性能,分别对掺率(体积分数)为1.0%,1.7%,2.4%的2种异形生态钢纤维混凝土和掺率为0.7%,1.3%的原生高强钢纤维增强混凝土进行了无切口梁四点弯曲韧性试验和切口梁三点弯曲断裂试验。研究结果表明:生态钢纤维掺率为1.0%时,无切口梁四点弯曲荷载 挠度曲线和切口梁三点弯曲荷载 挠度及荷载 切口张开位移曲线在达到峰值后都出现局部陡降,试件残余强度较小,断裂韧度值较低,纤维对改善混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂性能的作用较小;当生态钢纤维掺率为1.7%时,混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂性能均得到显著提高,混凝土在变形达到15δ_ult,p（δ_ult,p为素混凝土峰值荷载对应的挠度）或70D_ult,p（D_ult,p为素混凝土峰值荷载对应的切口张开位移）水平时,依然具有较高的持荷能力和较好的韧性,波浪型生态钢纤维混凝土断裂能和断裂韧度是素混凝土的27.59倍和8.35倍;生态钢纤维掺率为2.4%时,混凝土弯曲韧性指标、断裂能和断裂韧度进一步增加;掺率为1.7%的生态钢纤维混凝土增韧和抗断裂效果与掺率为0.7%的原生高强钢纤维混凝土相当。     

有早期受荷经历的钢纤维混凝土强度试验研究

通过对钢纤维混凝土在未达到设计强度前曾受过荷载非破坏性试验的试件进行后期强度试验,研究了这种早期受荷经历对钢纤维混凝土抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和轴心抗压强度的影响,进行了改变早期加荷时间、早期荷载水平和钢纤维掺量等因素的比较,并与普通混凝土做对比。试验结果表明,早期受荷使钢纤维混凝土的后期强度降低,这种不利影响比对普通混凝土的影响小,但在低含纤率时要给予足够重视;在工程中如需要在较早时期作用较大荷载时,增加钢纤维掺量是减小其后期抗折和抗拉强度降低幅度的一项有效措施,并做了相关的机理分析。     

钢纤维混凝土力学性能试验研究

能量桩的主要作用是承载和地源热泵,如何在确保不影响承载力的前提下提高能量桩换热效率。在混凝土中掺入不同体积率的钢纤维,测试混凝土的抗压能力和导热系数,研究钢纤维对混凝土性能的影响。试验结果表明,钢纤维的掺入对混凝土的抗压强度以及导热系数都有提升,对抗压强度的提升为13%~30%,对导热性能的提升为4%~25%,钢纤维掺入量为0.6%时为能量桩的最优配合比。     

Experimental behaviour of steel fiber high strength reinforced concrete and composite columns

This paper presents experimental behaviour of eccentrically loaded plain and steel fiber high strength reinforced concrete and concrete-encased composite columns. In the experimental study, a total of 32 square section both reinforced concrete and composite column specimens were fabricated at 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% volume fractions of steel fiber contents to examine the effects of steel fibers on column behaviour. Besides this, the composite columns were constructed and tested using almost the same conditions with reinforced concrete columns to investigate the column experimental behaviour. The complete load−deflection behaviour and strength of column specimens were obtained and the results were discussed in the study. In addition, the column specimens were analysed based on a theoretical method considering the nonlinear behaviour of the materials. The presented experimental study indicates that the inclusion of steel fibers in the range 0.75 to 1.0% volume fraction improves confinement and ductility features of high strength reinforced concrete and composite columns significantly.     

开孔钢板加劲的矩形钢管钢纤维高强混凝土柱轴压试验研究

为探明加劲肋类型、开孔钢板（PBL）开孔间距、钢纤维体积掺量、混凝土强度等级等对矩形钢管钢纤维高强混凝土（SFRHC）柱轴压破坏模式的影响规律,对10根柱进行了轴压性能试验,得到了其荷载-压缩变形曲线、位移延性系数、耗能指标和破坏模式。研究结果表明：与PBL加劲试件相比,钢板加劲试件和未加劲试件的位移延性系数分别降低11.9%和10.4%,耗能指标分别降低8.3%和5.6%, PBL加劲肋能有效加强钢管与核心混凝土的组合作用。掺入体积率为0.8%钢纤维的PBL加劲试件,其位移延性系数和耗能指标分别提高12.5%和42.3%,钢纤维体积率为0.8%~1.2%时,试件位移延性系数和耗能指标明显提高。加劲SFRHC柱为肋间管壁局部外鼓破坏,PBL加劲柱的破坏位置均位于PBL开孔处,未加劲SFRHC柱为管壁外鼓破坏,对应钢板屈曲处核心混凝土表现为压碎破坏,钢纤维被整体拔出;加劲SFRHC柱沿高度方向破坏位置明显下移,钢板加劲肋和PBL加劲肋均能有效分担轴向荷载。     

钢纤维混凝土梁的剪切性能试验研究

通过对钢纤维钢筋混凝土梁的斜截面抗剪试验分析,研究了在不同纤维掺量、配箍率的情况下,钢纤维对混凝土梁斜截面裂缝的形成和扩展、极限荷载的影响,试验结果表明钢纤维能够显著地提高梁的极限荷载。     

Experimental investigations of internal energy dissipation during fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete

Split-cylinder fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was examined using two complementary techniques: X-ray computed tomography (CT) and acoustic emission (AE). Fifty-mm-diameter specimens of two different fiber types were scanned both before and after load testing. From the CT images, fiber orientation was evaluated to establish optimum and pessimum specimen orientations, at which fibers would have maximum and minimum effect, respectively. As expected, fiber orientation affected both the peak load and the toughness of the specimen, with the optimum toughness being between 20% and 30% higher than the pessimum. Cumulative AE energy was also affected commensurately. Posttest CT scans of the specimens were used to measure internal damage. Damage was quantified in terms of internal energy dissipation due to both matrix cracking and fiber pullout by using calibration measurements for each. The results showed that fiber pullout was the dominant energy dissipation mechanism; however, the sum of the internal energy dissipation measured amounted to only 60% of the total energy dissipated by the specimens as measured by the net work of load. It is postulated that localized compaction of the UHPC matrix as well as internal friction between fractured fragments makes up the balance of internal energy dissipation.     

钢纤维自应力混凝土力学性能试验研究

研究了在三维乱向分布钢纤维的限制下,掺有钢纤维的硫铝盐酸自应力混凝土（SFRSC）的直接拉伸、抗压、 劈拉、抗折强度特性,由于钢纤维和基体间的摩阻限制所引入的自应力和钢纤维的三向限制作用,使得钢纤维对于自应力混凝土的增强效应要比对于普通混凝土的高,另外,在现有钢纤维混凝土强度计算模式的基础上,通过优化方法得出了对于不同目标自应力等级的自应力混凝土的钢纤维增强效应系数。     

用巴塞罗那试验法分析混凝土中钢纤维的分布规律

为研究混凝土基体中钢纤维的空间分布情况,利用巴塞罗那(BCN)试验所推荐的局部受压法对钢纤维掺量分别为20,35,50kg/m~3的混凝土立方体试件在局部受压时的开裂后韧性进行了测试;根据钢纤维混凝土试件在不同方向上局部受压的荷载-位移全曲线,对钢纤维在试件中的分布情况进行了分析及预测,并与利用电磁感应法测得的钢纤维空间分布情况进行了对比.研究表明:在BCN立方体局部受压试验中,混凝土的开裂后韧性随着钢纤维掺量的增加而显著提高;测试方向不同时,钢纤维掺量相同的混凝土立方体试件中纤维限制裂缝扩展的作用不同,从而表现出不同的力学性能,进而可以预测不同方向上的纤维分布情况;采用BCN试验与采用电磁感应法所测得的纤维分布规律相近.