鄱阳湖区植被覆盖度的遥感估算

植被覆盖度是一个十分重要的生态学参数,其对于全球环境变化和监测研究具有重要意义.为了有效地从遥感资料中提取植被覆盖度,在像元二分模型两个重要参数推导的基础上,对已有模型进行了改进,建立了用归一化植被指数(NDVI)估算植被覆盖度的模型.运用该模型对鄱阳湖区2003年的植被覆盖度进行了估算,通过鄱阳湖部分地区的实地考察,对2003年的植被覆盖度估算结果进行了验证,结果表明使用此改进模型进行植被覆盖度遥感监测是有效可行的.     

锡林浩特市胜利矿区近30a植被覆盖度变化研究

为研究内蒙古锡林浩特市胜利矿区近30 a植被覆盖度变化情况及其影响因素,采用Sen斜率估计和M-K检验法分析NDVI变化趋势;基于像元尺度分析植被变化,研究其空间差异性;通过转移矩阵研究植被覆盖度稳定性、降雨和地形因子对植被覆盖度的影响程度。结果表明:(1)近30 a胜利矿区NDVI均值呈缓慢下降趋势;(2)植被损伤区面积占研究区总面积的23. 02%,分布于矿业景观和城镇建设景观;植被恢复区面积占研究区总面积的3. 11%,分布于人工草场与湿地;(3)植被覆盖度不稳定,易发生转移;(4)排土场高程和坡度与植被覆盖度呈显著负相关,坡向与植被覆盖度关系不显著。     

植被覆盖度的提取方法研究综述

常用的植被覆盖度估算方法有地表实测和遥感监测两种,分析其特点及适用范围,得出如下结论:地表实测法由于人力、物力等诸多因素的制约,不适合在较大范围内作为唯一的测量方法推广,但可以对遥感监测精度评价和验证提供基础数据。回归模型法小范围内有较高精度,但对实测数据的依赖性较强。植被指数法与像元分解法,由于不受实测数据的制约,目前使用比较广泛,但在实际应用中,仍应根据地表情况,与其他方法综合使用,以便提高植被覆盖度提取精度。     

基于NDVI的天长县植被覆盖度动态变化分析

以滁州市天长县作为研究区,利用天长县2005年、2010年和2015年三期ETM+影像作为数据源,提取出研究区归一化植被指数(NDVI),再利用像元二分模型估算出天长县植被覆盖度,并分析其动态变化趋势,结果表明近10a来以建筑业为主要因素、相关制度与措施等辅助因素对天长县植被覆盖度有着很大的影响。     

雪对MODIS短波反照率产品质量的影响

针对多种地表植被类型中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)短波地表反照率产品进行验证,并评估了雪对不同类型地表的反照率产品的影响。选取了19个AmeriFLUX站点的实测反照率数据对2005年的MODIS短波反照率数据进行验证,站点涉及常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林、草地、湿地、灌木林和农田6种植被覆盖类型。结果显示受雪的影响时,每种植被类型的反照率产品质量都有所下降,其中常绿针叶林受影响最大,其反演误差、均方根误差、标准差从-0.002 3、0.023 0、0.011 4增至0.0825、0.108 5、0.086 6。综合所有数据,受雪的影响总的反演误差绝对值从0.020 6增至0.035 5,均方根误差从0.057 2增至0.121 7,标准差从0.053 9增至0.187 0。     

基于GIS和遥感的山西保德矿区土壤侵蚀研究

依据水利部颁布<土壤侵蚀分类分级标准>(SL 190-96),采用第二次全国土壤侵蚀遥感调查中的多因素综合法,利用QuickBird遥感影像和DEM作为数据源,选取非耕地植被覆盖度、坡耕地和坡度3个因子,利用GIS和遥感技术,对保德矿区土壤侵蚀强度进行了评价,揭示了不同强度土壤侵蚀在空间上的分异,并简要分析了不同强度土壤侵蚀形成的原因.     

桂林海洋岩溶区植被覆盖度的多时相遥感预估模型

植被覆盖度的演变规律是喀斯特地区石漠化程度量化的特征指标之一,其宏观分布与变化趋势是认识环境变化的重要参数。以桂林海洋岩溶试验区2000、2001、2006、2008及2009年5个时相的Landsat遥感影像为动态分析源,针对陡升陡降的地形地貌特征,提出了修正NDVI的二分模型,估算出对应年份的植被覆盖度分别为0.223 39、0.278 77、0.353 664、0.368 54、0.373 96;根据植被覆盖度值建立了相应的决策树分类模型并划分出5个等级,研究区的植被2000年为中—低覆盖级,2009年为中—高覆盖级,以提取的实验数据建立的遥感快速植被覆盖度定量估算预测模型与研究区的实测结果符合。根据预测模型对未来环境的演变进行了相应的预估分析,植被覆盖度在逐年提升并直至达到稳定的饱和值。     

漓江流域沿岸风光带植被覆盖度的遥感动态监测与估算

以1990、2008年TM影像和2001年ETM＋影像为数据源,研究漓江精华段沿岸风光带植被覆盖度的动态变化规律,采用归一化植被指数（NDVI）像元二分模型,半定量估算了研究区的植被覆盖度,生成了不同时相的植被覆盖度等级图及面积转移矩阵,并结合植被覆盖度的监测结果对研究区植被覆盖度的变化趋势进行建模分析.结果表明,研究区1990、2001和2008年均以高植被覆盖度等级为主,估算的面积分别为207.058、216.538和232.795 km2.1990-2008年间,研究区内植被覆盖度稳定不变的区域占总面积的44.887％,减少和增加的区域分别占总面积的22.077％和33.036％,说明植被覆盖度总体上呈现增加的趋势;结合1990-2001年和2001-2008年的变化分析结果,植被覆盖度变化趋势是先略微增加,后显著增加,与植被覆盖度均值走势一致,从定量遥感的角度证明了漓江精华段沿岸风光带的绿色生态环境得到了快速的改善.     

合肥市地表温度与植被覆盖度的关系研究

以合肥市为研究区,以Landsat 8影像为数据源,运用像元二分法和大气校正法研究了2020年合肥市地表温度与植被覆盖度的关系.结果表明:地表温度与植被覆盖度为负相关关系.合肥市郊区植被覆盖度每增加0.1,地表温度下降0.39℃;城区植被覆盖度每增加0.1,地表温度下降0.6℃.     

城市住区热环境可控影响因素定量分析

以杭州城西52个不同类型住区为例,基于杭州夏季Landsat5 TM 数据和遥感图像解译方法提取了不同住区的地表温度、植被指数和反照率,同时结合目视解译和现场调查,分别计算了不同住区的建筑密度、容积率、平均建筑高度等建设指标.采用线性相关与多元回归分析方法分析城市地表温度与植被指数、地表反照率、容积率、建筑密度等指标之间的定量关系.结果表明：城市热环境与其人为可控影响因素的相关性大小依次为：植被指数>地表反照率>建筑密度>建筑高度>容积率;加强城市住区绿化建设、采用高反照率材料是改善住区热环境的有效手段;适度减少建筑密度和提高容积率可以缓解城市紧凑发展与城市热环境恶化之间的矛盾.     

城市地表热环境季节变化及与下垫面特征关系

为进一步揭示城市地表热环境的时空分异机制,利用遥感信息技术提取深圳市西部地区不同季节的地表温度、植被覆盖、不透水面、水分状况等下垫面特征参数,在此基础上分析地表热环境的季节变化特征及与下垫面生物物理参数的定量关系.结果表明:研究区地表热力景观的空间分布、强度随季节发生显著变化;不透水面指数、湿度指数与地表温度分别呈指数正相关、线性负相关且在不同季节表现稳定,而植被指数与地表温度呈非线性关系并随季节变化;多元线性逐步回归分析表明,不透水面对地表温度的调节作用最大、地表湿度次之、植被覆盖最小.     

Synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data

We proposed a method to separate ground points and vegetation points from discrete return,small footprint airborne laser scanner data,called skewness change algorithm.The method,which makes use of intensity of laser scanner data,is especially applicable in steep,and forested areas.It does not take slope of forested area into account,while other algorithms consider the change of slope in steep forested area.The ground points and vegetation points can be used to estimate digital terrain model(DTM) and fractio...     

Extracting mining subsidence land from remote sensing images based on domain knowledge

Extracting mining subsidence land from RS images is one of important research contents for environment monitoring in mining area. The accuracy of traditional extracting models based on spectral features is low. In order to extract subsidence land from RS images with high accuracy, some domain knowledge should be imported and new models should be proposed. This paper, in terms of the disadvantage of traditional extracting models, imports domain knowledge from practice and experience, converts semantic knowledge into digital information, and proposes a new model for the specific task. By selecting Luan mining area as study area, this new model is tested based on GIS and related knowledge. The result shows that the proposed method is more pre- cise than traditional methods and can satisfy the demands of land subsidence monitoring in mining area.     

金属矿山地下开采引起地面塌陷的规律

金属矿山地下开采引起地表塌陷已经成为一种主要的矿山地质环境问题．地面塌陷受多方面因素影响,各因素相互作用使得金属矿山地表塌陷形成机理复杂．本文以大冶铁矿东露天采场地面塌陷为例,从采场地质环境、矿体特征、采矿方法、崩落角、地面塌陷的形式等方面,综述了地面塌陷的特征,并探讨了地面塌陷的形成规律,该研究为矿山地面塌陷的成因及控制对策研究提供了帮助．     

渭北采动沉陷区地表裂缝规律及村镇抗变形民宅设计分析

以蒲白矿务局南井头矿4501工作面为例，介绍了地表裂缝的形成过程，分析了地表裂缝规律及其对面建筑物的影响，在此基础上，通过对12501面上试验房屋抗变形设计的研究，探讨了厚黄土覆盖抗变形设计技术措施，并对村镇抗变形建筑物的适用性进行了分析和总结，为渭北煤田的“三下”开采工作创造了有利条件。     

Monitoring urban land cover and vegetation change by multi-temporal remote sensing information

In order to analyze changes in human settlement in Xuzhou city during the past 20 years,changes in land cover and vegetation were investigated based on multi-temporal remote sensing Landsat TM images.We developed a hierarchical classifier system that uses different feature inputs for specific classes and conducted a classification post-processing approach to improve its accuracy.From our statistical analysis of changes in urban land cover from 1987 to 2007,we conclude that built-up land areas have obviously increased,while farmland has seen in a continuous loss due to urban growth and human activities.A NDVI difference approach was used to extract information on changes in vegetation.A false change information elimination approach was developed based on prior knowledge and statistical analysis.The areas of vegetation cover have been in continuous decline over the past 20years,although some measures have been adopted to protect and maintain urban vegetation.Given the stability of underground coal exploitation since 1990s,urban growth has become the major driving force in vegetation loss,which is different from the vegetation change driven by coal exploitation mainly before 1990.     

Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells in the Huainan coal mining area

Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells is a new method for exploration of gas and coalbed methane exploitation in mining areas with high concentrations of gas, where tectonic coal developed. Studies on vertical surface well technology in the Huainan Coal Mining area play a role in demonstration in the use of clean, new energy re-sources, preventing and reducing coal mine gas accidents and protecting the environment. Based on the practice of gas drainage engineering of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells and combined with relative geological and exploration en-gineering theories, the design principles of design and structure of wells of pressure relief coaibed methane in vertical surface wells are studied. The effects of extraction and their causes are discussed and the impact of geological conditions on gas production of the vertical surface wells are analyzed. The results indicate that in mining areas with high concentrations of gas, where tectonic coal developed, a success rate of pressure relief coalbed methane in surface vertical well is high and single well production usually great. But deformation due to coal exploitation could damage boreholes and cause breaks in the connection between aquifers and bore-holes, which could induce a decrease, even a complete halt in gas production of a single well. The design of well site location and wellbore configuration are the key for technology. The development of the geological conditions for coalbed methane have a sig-nificant effect on gas production of coalbed methane wells.     

基于高光谱数据的城市不透水层提取与分析

针对多光谱卫星遥感数据监测城市生态环境的限制和高光谱遥感数据的优越性,以徐州市城区为例,选择2004和2006年地球观测卫星一1（EO一1）Hyperion高光谱遥感数据,在波段选择、大气校正等预处理的基础上,利用线性光谱混合模型,通过混合像元分解在亚像元尺度上提取两个时相徐州市中心城区的不透水层比例．以高分辨率遥感影像分类结果作为参考,通过与LandsatTM多光谱数据提取结果的比较,表明了高光谱遥感影像提取不透水层的优势．利用两个时相高光谱遥感影像提取的不透水层信息进行变化分析,结果表明：徐州市不透水层比例在持续增加,尤其在城市边缘区更是显著增加,其主要驱动因素是城市扩展和土地利用变化．     

Thermal model for discrete vegetation and its solution on pixel scale using computer graphics

In this paper, we discuss how the multi-reflection of thermal emission affects the calculation of radiation balance. With the help of computer graphics, the four components of discrete vegetation are analyzed in detail and the curves of BRDF for the discrete vegetation can be obtained as well. A new model is put forward to inverse the temperatures of four components. The solution obtained by using computer graphics is consistent with observations in the field experiment in Yucheng Remote Sensing Comprehensive Site of CAS. Furthermore, the method can be used to retrieve land surface temperature based on multi-angle thermal infrared remotely sensed data.