Effects of low temperature on coagulation of kaolinite suspensions

In this study, coagulation of kaolinite suspensions at low temperatures is compared with that at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C, and the process is examined with regard to the coagulation rate (CR) and chemical aspects of coagulation. Experiments using a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) show that coagulation of kaolinite suspensions can be taken as a two-phase process. Low temperature greatly reduces the CR of the first phase but not that of the second one. On the other hand, results show that low temperature did not serve to impede the hydrolysis of aluminum [Al(III)] within 1 min of alum addition. The measurements of electrophoretic mobility (EM) indicate that destabilization of kaolinite particles by hydrolyzed Al species was not hindered by low temperature within 1 min of alum addition. Slow coagulation at low temperature is due to the lowered CR but not the altered chemistry aspect of Al(III). Furthermore, the change in settled turbidity after 20-min flocculation as a function of coagulant dosage was more severe in the cold because of the low CR. Elongating floc-growth time, as observed, was able to counterbalance the retarded CR at low temperature and improve turbidity removal efficiency.     

养护制度对矿渣基无机矿物聚合材料力学性能的影响

以矿渣基无机矿物聚合材料的抗压强度为考核指标,在不同原材料配比情况下研究了养护温度、养护时间和养护湿度对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,选取养护温度为80℃,养护时间为10 h,养护湿度为70%,制备的无机矿物聚合材料7d抗压强度达到85.5 MPa,安定性合格,凝结时间为50~200 min,可用于有早强要求的特殊工程。     

地聚物注浆材料性能研究

以P.O52.5水泥为基材,利用工业固体废弃物粉煤灰、矿渣粉、钢渣粉进行改性,采用单因素及多因素正交试验,探究地聚物注浆材料性能及最优配比。结果表明,粉煤灰掺量15%、矿渣粉掺量20%、钢渣粉掺量15%时效果最优,其中对注浆料的流动性和抗压强度的影响排序为粉煤灰>钢渣粉>矿渣粉;XRD和热重分析发现,在最佳配比下,随时间延长能有效促进水化反应,钙矾石含量增多,可显著提升材料的强度和膨胀性。     

The pH influence on the index properties of clays

Three clay sediments, concerning Pliocenic clay, Chaotic Complex clay and commercial kaolinic clay, have been studied in order to verify the pH influence on the index properties. The analysed clays have been mineralogically characterized in natural, conditions, and in modified pH conditions. This last procedure, obtained respectively by adding NH₄OH or CH₃COOH 1 mol., in a pH range between 4.5–11.3 has been carried out. To verify the different experimental conditions the C.E.C. of exchangeable cations as K⁺, Na⁺, Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺, has been measured. The index properties obtained show a different behaviour of the three clays. The kaolin is not much affected only a limited W_L% increase is recognizable when the pH decreases. The Chaotic complex clay evidence a considerable rise of the W_L with the pH uncrease. In the Pliocenic clay the W_L value increased with the pH. The described process can be related to the natural environment, connected also with various pollution phenomena.     

土聚水泥的物理力学性能研究

以煤系高岭土为原料,经粉磨、煅烧活化后加入碱性激发剂,在常温常压条件下制备出了土聚水泥.研究了土聚水泥砂浆和混凝土的力学性能及土聚水泥净浆和砂浆的黏结性能.研究表明:煤系高岭土经850℃煅烧-保温2 h,所得的处于无定性状态的偏高岭土经模数为1.2,掺量为9%Na2·nSiO2溶液的激发,在自然养护条件下制备出了具有黏结性能好、早强和高强性能的新型胶凝材料.最后分析了目前国内土聚水泥推广应用存在的主要问题,并结合自身的研究提出了几点建议.     

氧化石墨烯对粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能的影响

通过改进Hummers法制备了一系列不同尺寸的氧化石墨烯（GO）,研究了GO对粉煤灰地质聚合物流变性能、力学性能和微观结构的影响,结果表明当粉煤灰地聚物净浆流动度随GO的尺寸和掺量增大而降低;此外GO的掺入,会阻碍粉煤灰地聚物早期强度发展,但是会提高后期强度的发展速度。通过扫描电镜观察粉煤灰地质聚合物微观结构,结果表明GO的掺入会导致粉煤灰地质聚物中出现大量的针棒状结晶体。     

Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer

The properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer are directly impacted not only by the specific surface and composition of initial metakaolin and the type, composition and relative amount of alkali activator used but they also depend on the conditions during the initial period of geopolymerization reaction. This study aimed to analyze the effect of curing temperature (10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) and time on the compressive and flexural strengths, pore distribution and microstructure of alkali activated metakaolin material. The results have shown that the treatment of fresh mixture at elevated temperatures accelerates the strengths development but the 28 days mechanical properties are deteriorated in comparison with results obtained for mixtures that were treated at an ambient or slightly decreased temperature. The influence of curing temperature on microstructure of geopolymer matrix was verified in terms of pore distribution studied by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry. The study revealed a tendency to increase pore size and cumulative pore volume with rising temperature, which is reflected in mechanical properties. It has been also shown the possibility of monitoring the geopolymerization reaction by means of Infrared Spectroscopy.     

废弃玻璃砂对地聚合物混凝土性能的影响

将废弃玻璃砂取代部分河砂制备偏高岭土基地聚合物混凝土,研究了废弃玻璃砂取代率对地聚合物混凝土力学性能与耐久性能的影响。结果表明,随着废弃玻璃砂取代率的增加,地聚合物混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量和劈裂抗拉强度均先提高后降低,取代率为60%时地聚合物混凝土的力学性能最佳。增大废弃玻璃砂取代率可显著提高地聚合物混凝土的抗化学侵蚀性能,当取代率超过80%时,地聚合物混凝土试样分别在2%H2SO4溶液和5%NaCl溶液中浸泡60 d后的抗压强度损失较小。     

高温作用下无机矿物聚合物混凝土的力学性能研究

无机矿物聚合物混凝土在高温下的力学性能和普通混凝土有很大的区别.利用对比试验分析了无机矿物聚合物胶凝材料中各种原材料对无机矿物聚合物混凝土在高温下的抗压强度的影响,并和普通混凝土在高温下的抗压强度变化规律进行了对比,以期为无机矿物聚合物混凝土的耐火设计及理论分析时参考.     

Effect of calcination temperature on the pozzolanic activity of sugar cane bagasse ash

This work presents the results of the processing of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) under controlled calcination conditions in order to obtain materials with optimum pozzolanic activity. Bagasse samples were burnt in an aired electric oven with a heating rate of 10 °C/min, at 350 °C for 3 h, and at different temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C for another 3 h. For all calcination temperatures the pozzolanic activity, structural state of silica and loss on ignition of the ashes were determined. Moreover, the SCBA with greater pozzolanicity was characterized by using chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, density, specific surface area and chemical reactivity.     

偏高岭土地聚物力学性能研究进展

偏高岭土是高岭土在适当温度下煅烧活化形成的硅铝酸盐,以其为原料制备的地聚物具有快硬早强、强度高、和易性好及耐腐蚀等优点。近年来,相关学者针对偏高岭土地聚物力学性能的影响因素开展了大量力学性能试验及基础理论研究工作,为偏高岭土地聚物的推广应用奠定了基础。综述了偏高岭土地聚物的种类、水化机理,总结了激发剂种类、掺量、水玻璃模数、胶凝材料处理方式、液固比、外掺料及养护方式、养护温度等因素对偏高岭土地聚物力学性能的影响,并对偏高岭土地聚物推广应用中面临的问题及未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

地质聚合物再生混凝土的制备及其力学性能

以粉煤灰地质聚合物为胶凝材料,天然砂、碎石及再生粗骨料为集料,制备了地质聚合物再生混凝土,并探讨了再生骨料取代率及养护条件对其抗压强度的影响,结果表明,地质聚合物再生混凝土的强度随再生骨料取代率的增加而呈现先增后降的变化趋势,存在一个最佳的掺量;高温养护能加速地质聚合物再生混凝土强度的发展,并导致峰值强度的最佳掺量向低掺量方向偏移。     

Effects of seeding nucleation agent on geopolymerization process of fly-ash geopolymer

Geopolymer, an inorganic aluminosilicate material activated by alkaline medium solution, can perform as an inorganic adhesive. The geopolymer technology has a viability to substitute traditional concrete made of portland cement (PC) because replacing PC with fly ash leads to reduced carbon dioxide emissions from cement productions and reduced materials cost. Although fly ash geopolymer stimulates sustainability, it is slow geopolymerization reaction poses a challenge for construction technology in term of practicality. The development of increasing geopolymerization reaction rate of the geopolymer is needed. ?The purpose of this study is to evaluate seeding nucleation agents (NA) of fly ash geopolymer that can accelerate polymerization reactions such that the geopolymer can be widely used in the construction industry. Results from the present study indicate that the use of NA (i.e., Ca(OH)₂) can be potentially used to increase geopolymerization reaction rate and improve performance characteristics of the fly ash geopolymer product.     

粉煤灰地聚物的力学性能及其化学分析

通过实验对粉煤灰地聚物的力学性能及水化产物成分进行了研究,得出了最佳制备工艺参数,并利用FTIR和DTA/TG表征手段对不同龄期粉煤灰地聚物的凝胶体作了分析,表明在水化过程中粉煤灰内玻璃体发生了解聚—缩聚反应,主要形成N-A-S-H产物。     

膨胀页岩轻集料的焙烧制度和性能的研究

利用资源丰富的页岩原矿来制备高性能膨胀页岩陶粒,达到节约资源和环保的目的。利用碎石型页岩为原料通过基础试验和正交设计试验探索焙烧制度对制备高性能膨胀页岩陶粒的影响规律。制备的页岩陶粒的表观密度850 kg/m3;筒压强度6.8 MPa;1 h吸水率为4.1%,远低于国家对于600~900级的页岩陶粒优等品的吸水率小于10%的标准。试验得到膨胀页岩陶粒制备工艺简单,具有轻质高强、低吸水率的特点,是具有经济效益和社会效益的建筑材料。     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能影响因素的研究进展

对地质聚合物技术做了一个简要的介绍,分别从原材料、激发剂、添加剂和养护条件四个方面对近年来国内外学者在粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能的影响因素方面所做的工作和研究成果进行了介绍。粉煤灰的物化特性对粉煤灰基地质聚合物的力学性能有决定性的影响;激发剂中的碱形式、碱浓度和硅含量对粉煤灰基地质聚合物的抗压强度影响较大;适当的添加剂能提高粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度;相对较高的养护温度有利于粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能的发展。在所有的影响因素中,原材料的成分和性质是最难控制的因素。最后,对研究原材料对地质聚合物力学性能影响的研究给出了建议。     

纳米黏土改良黄土力学性能试验研究

在陕西安塞地区黄土中掺入两种不同纳米黏土材料,设计不同掺量、含水率、养护龄期等多因素影响下的正交试验,并对改良后黄土进行三轴试验,分析凹凸棒土和纳米蒙脱土改善黄土无侧限抗压强度指标以及抗剪强度指标的变化特征,并采用SEM对两种纳米黏土改良黄土进行改善机理微观分析。结果表明:掺量为1%的凹凸棒土、掺量为2%的纳米蒙脱土对黄土抗压强度影响最为显著,在一定含水率下可使素黄土的抗压强度分别提高21%和42.3%; 两种纳米黏土改良黄土应力-应变曲线受试样干密度、围压及掺量的影响,干密度为1.35 g?cm^-3、围压为50 kPa的改良黄土有应变软化现象,干密度达到1.65 g?cm^-3时,4种不同围压下改良黄土应力-应变曲线均有应变硬化的趋势; 两种纳米黏土对改良黄土的抗剪强度指标影响效果显著,其中1%掺量的凹凸棒土、2%掺量的纳米蒙脱土可以使改良黄土的黏聚力分别提升61.02%和81.70%,内摩擦角分别提升27.86%和21.31%。