碳纤维加强混凝土梁的试验研究

在混凝土结构中,碳纤维(FRP)成为钢筋加固的一种重要材料。FRP可大大改善碳纤维加强混凝土(FRPRC)梁的延性。为了提高梁的延性,同时也能保证FRP筋的高强度特性,建议采用纵向型钢以形成混合FRPRC梁。12根试件包括素混凝土梁、钢骨混凝土梁、纯FRPRC梁和混合FRPRC梁。试验结果表明:与纯FRPRC梁相比,混合FRPRC梁的延性更好;而且超配筋率高的FRPRC梁的延性更好。因此,配筋率可以提高FRPRC构件的延性,建议FRPRC构件设计首选超配筋率。     

Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete made with natural pumice

The purpose of this study is to improve the ductility of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete by incorporating hybrid steel and polypropylene fibers. The changes in mechanical properties and also bulk density and workability of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete due to the addition of hybrid steel and polypropylene fibers have been studied. The properties were investigated include bulk density and workability of fresh concrete as well as compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength and toughness of hardened concrete. Nine concrete mixtures with different volume fractions of steel and polypropylene fibers were tested. A large increase in compressive and flexural ductility and energy absorption capacity due to the addition of steel fibers was observed. Polypropylene fibers, on the other hand, caused a minor change in mechanical properties of hardened concrete especially in the mixtures made with both steel and polypropylene fibers. These observations provide insight into the benefits of different fiber reinforcement systems to the mechanical performance of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete which is considered to be brittle. These results provide guidance for design of concrete materials with reduced density and enhanced ductility for different applications, including construction of high-rise, earthquake-resistant buildings.     

加筋混凝土梁延性系数计算方法

由于纤维增强复合材料(FRP)筋不存在屈服状态,传统的延性系数计算方法不适用于FRP筋混凝土梁和混合配筋(钢筋+FRP筋)混凝土梁。为了提出一个相对完善的、统一的加筋混凝土梁截面延性计算方法,在对既有各类加筋混凝土梁延性指标计算方法进行分析的基础上,从抗震对结构延性的要求出发,依据延性系数的定义与动力要求统一的原则,推导得出了加筋混凝土结构延性系数-地震力降低系数(μ-C)关系式。依据等位移下的μ-C关系式,提出了加筋混凝土梁延性系数的计算方法。通过对比延性系数计算值与既有试验值,证明了该方法的有效性。对混凝土及钢筋强度、混凝土极限压应变、截面有效配筋率和FRP筋配筋刚度比等影响加筋混凝土梁延性的因素进行了参数化分析。结果表明:加筋混凝土梁的延性随着混凝土强度和极限压应变的增加而提高,随着钢筋强度、有效配筋率和FRP筋配筋刚度比的提高而降低。     

Influence of fibers on flexural behavior and ductility of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP rebars

This research studies the influence of fibers on flexural behavior and ductility of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. The experimental program included seven beams. The tested beams were divided into four groups. Each of the first three groups consisted of two beams one of normal strength and the other of high strength while the fourth group consisted of one normal strength beam. The first group is the reference group which had no internal fibers. The second group studied the effect of using internal polypropylene fibers in the concrete mix. The third group studied the effect of using internal glass fibers in the concrete mix while the fourth group studied the effect of using internal steel fibers in the concrete mix. The experimental results of tests showed that using GFRP as the main reinforcement for the concrete beams achieves reasonable flexural strength. Also the theoretical results calculated using ACI 440 code showed good agreement with the experimental results with an error of about 20%. The results of the current research indicated that all types of the fibers used improved the ductility of FRP- reinforced concrete beams. It was found that the span-to-experimental service load deflection ratio is relatively high when compared to the usually accepted ratio of about span/250.     

预应力碳/玻混杂纤维筋混凝土梁受弯性能研究

针对单一纤维的FRP筋延性较差的缺点,在采用碳/玻混杂纤维复合材料(C/G-HFRP)筋的同时,引进预应力技术。通过对2根预应力HFRP筋混凝土梁、1根普通钢筋混凝土梁和1根普通HFRP筋混凝土梁的受弯性能试验研究,分析预应力HFRP筋混凝土梁的受力过程、破坏形态、抗弯承载力和变形等,提出了等效抗弯刚度的计算模型,为HFRP筋的工程应用提供了依据。     

Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study

In composite beams, shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in a solid concrete material slab under monotonic and low-cycle fatigue loading. The latter would be applicable to composite structures subjected to seismic events. Of specific interest are the behavior and effects of different concrete materials. A series of push-out specimens made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) were tested for this evaluation. The results show that the reversed cyclic shear strength of most specimens is 10%-23% lower than their monotonic strength. Also, using the polypropylene fibers (FRC specimens) has a slight effect on the shear strength and load-displacement behavior of the specimens; however, using the polyvinyl alcohol fibers (ECC specimens) causes considerable increase in ultimate strength and ductility of channel shear connectors. Finally, the experimental load capacities are compared with that suggested by North American design codes.     

玄武岩纤维增强聚合物筋钢纤维高强混凝土梁受弯试验及裂缝宽度计算方法研究

纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋混凝土梁受弯挠度过大、裂缝过宽等缺陷严重影响其正常使用性能，为此，将具有优良抗裂与阻裂性能的钢纤维混凝土用于FRP筋混凝土梁，可以有效限制其挠度与裂缝的发展。通过12根玄武岩纤维增强聚合物(BFRP)筋/钢筋钢纤维高强混凝土梁的受弯性能试验，研究了钢纤维体积率、受拉区钢纤维高强混凝土层厚度、BFRP筋配筋率对BFRP筋钢纤维高强混凝土梁裂缝分布与宽度的影响。结果表明，钢纤维的加入能够有效抑制BFRP筋高强混凝土梁的裂缝开展，减小裂缝间距、宽度和裂缝宽度差异性，当荷载为100 kN时，钢纤维体积率为0.5%~2.0%的钢纤维高强混凝土梁的裂缝宽度减小了25.22%~54.78%，裂缝宽度标准差减小了10.00%~68.18%；当受拉区钢纤维混凝土层厚度达到梁截面高度的57%时，其阻裂与限裂效果与全截面掺加钢纤维的效果接近，表明在受拉区中掺加钢纤维以限制BFRP筋混凝土梁裂缝的发展是经济可行的。基于试验和相关文献研究结果，提出了考虑钢纤维影响的BFRP筋钢纤维高强混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的建议计算方法，该建议方法的计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

Innovative hybrid reinforcement constituting conventional longitudinal steel and FRP stirrups for improved seismic strength and ductility of RC structures

The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement is becoming increasingly attractive in construction of new structures. However, the inherent linear elastic behavior of FRP materials up to rupture is considered as a major drawback under seismic attacks when significant material inelasticity is required to dissipate the input energy through hysteretic cycles. Besides, cost considerations, including FRP material and construction of pre-fabricated FRP configurations, especially for stirrups, and probable damage to epoxy coated fibers when transported to the field are noticeable issues. The current research has proposed a novel economical hybrid reinforcement scheme for the next generation of infrastructures implementing on-site fabricated FRP stirrups comprised of FRP sheets. The hybrid reinforcement consists of conventional longitudinal steel reinforcement and FRP stirrups. The key feature of the proposed hybrid reinforcement is the enhanced strength and ductility owing to the considerable confining pressure provided by the FRP stirrups to the longitudinal steel reinforcement and core concrete. Reinforced concrete beam specimens and beamcolumn joint specimens were tested implementing the proposed hybrid reinforcement. The proposed hybrid reinforcement, when compared with conventional steel stirrups, is found to have higher strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Design methods, structural behavior, and applicability of the proposed hybrid reinforcement are discussed in detail in this paper.     

钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性测试方法与评价标准

按照不同国家的有关标准进行了大量钢纤维混凝土梁的弯曲韧性试验，并依据试验结果，对比了目前国际上应用较为广泛的钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性标准的优缺点，为我国纤维混凝土技术规程的修订奠定了基础．     

高强钢筋聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁正常使用极限状态可靠度分析

对6根矩形截面混凝土梁进行了受弯破坏试验.考虑到应用HRB500级钢筋作为受力主筋,可能会导致构件出现过宽裂缝而不能满足结构适用性和耐久性的要求,其中4根试验梁掺入了定量聚丙烯纤维进行对比试验研究.在试验基础上,对高强钢筋混凝土梁进行了基于横向裂缝宽度的正常使用极限状态可靠度对比分析.研究结果表明:配置HRB500级钢...     

仿钢丝聚丙烯长纤维对钢纤维混凝土力学性能影响

按照国际标准对新型仿钢丝聚丙烯合成长纤维增强高性能混凝土的工作度、含气量、强度及弯曲韧性进行了试验研究。其中对该纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性按照国际材料与结构联合会(RILEM)标准进行了研究,同时还对比了钢纤维混凝土及新型聚丙烯长纤维与钢纤维混杂时纤维混凝土的韧性,得出了不同纤维混凝土的能量吸收值和等效抗弯强度,探讨了新型聚丙烯长纤维部分取代钢纤维的可能性。试验表明,该纤维具有很好的增韧效果,可以部分取代钢纤维来达到增韧增强和降低成本的目的。     

钢筋钢纤维高强混凝土梁抗弯性能的试验研究

通过 2 5根钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验 ,研究了钢纤维和高强混凝土对受弯构件初裂强度、极限强度和延性的影响。给出了钢筋钢纤维高强混凝土受弯构件的正截面承载力计算公式     

Properties of concrete reinforced with different kinds of industrial waste fibre materials

Nowadays, the use of different types of sub-products in cement-based materials has become a common practice in concrete industry. This paper discusses the feasibility of adding metallic and polypropylene by-product fibres as reinforcement of normal concrete. The effects of the incorporation of various types of waste metallic fibres (WMF) and polypropylene fibres (WPF) on the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced concrete were experimentally investigated. A normal concrete with a compressive strength of 30 MPa was used as a control mixture. The influence of type, volume and length of WF on the compressive and flexural strengths, and toughness of fibres reinforced concrete (FRC) is evaluated. The results obtained have shown that the WPF decreases the compressive strength of WFRC, especially when using long fibres with high volume fraction. A slight decrease of the compressive strength was also observed with the composites containing more than 2% of the WMF. However, adding the WPF and the hybrid fibres increases the flexural strength of the WFRC. It has been observed that the composites reinforced with the WPF is more advantageous in terms of post-cracking behaviour and load-carrying capacity as compared to the composites reinforced with the WMF even in some cases, the WPF performs better than the multimodal composites. The results have shown that generally, ductility, toughness, and especially the post-cracking behaviour of the WFRC are significantly improved when using the multimodal composites compared to composites reinforced with the mono-fibres system. Results regarding orientation and distribution of fibres into the cement matrix, and porosity and their effect on the WFRC performance were also discussed.     

混杂纤维自密实混凝土梁受弯性能的试验研究

在纤维自密实混凝土工作性试验的基础上,对7组无筋混杂纤维自密实混凝土梁和5组混杂纤维增强低配筋率的钢筋自密实混凝土梁受弯性能进行试验研究,并分析纤维类型和纤维长径比对梁的开裂荷载、屈服荷载、极限荷载以及弯曲韧性的影响。结果表明:梁的弯曲韧性随着纤维长径比的增加而增加,混杂纤维混凝土梁的弯曲韧性优于钢纤维,两种纤维协同作用时具有很好的正混杂效应;与最小配筋率的钢筋混凝土梁相比,纤维的掺入明显地改善了梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载,掺有(40+4)kg/m3混杂纤维并按最小配筋率配筋的梁的极限荷载与仅按1.5倍最小配筋率配筋的梁相当。     

Theoretical analysis of post‐peak flexural behaviour of normal‐ and high‐strength concrete beams

A new method of analysing the post‐peak flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams has been developed and applied to normal‐ and high‐strength concrete beams. It was revealed that at the post‐peak stage the neutral axis depth keeps on increasing, and at a certain point the strain in the tension reinforcement starts to decrease, even though the curvature is increasing monotonically. Such strain reversal in the tension reinforcement occurs in all concrete beams and has significant effects on the post‐peak behaviour and flexural ductility of concrete beams. Therefore, the stress path dependence of the tension reinforcement needs to be taken into account in the analysis. By means of a parametric study, the variation of ultimate concrete strain with tension steel ratio and the effects of various structural parameters on flexural ductility have been studied. Based on the numerical results, design values of ultimate concrete strain that are independent of tension steel ratio have been recommended and a simple formula for predicting the flexural ductility of reinforced normal‐ and high‐strength concrete beams has been developed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flexural ductility design of high‐strength concrete beams

In the seismic design of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure, it is necessary to provide not only sufficient strength, but also adequate flexural ductility. This is particularly important to the design of RC beams cast of high‐strength concrete that is inherently more brittle. Eurocode EN1998‐1 directly specifies such minimum flexural ductility. To provide adequate flexural ductility to RC beams, Chinese code GB50011 limits the normalised depth of simplified rectangular stress block at peak resisting moment, whereas American code ACI 318–08 requires that the tension steel strain at peak resisting moment shall not be smaller than 0.004. The essential parameters identified for effective flexural ductility design of RC beams include the maximum difference of tension and compression reinforcement ratios and maximum normalised neutral axis depth at peak resisting moment, as they help to guarantee various flexural ductility requirements. Their relationship with the flexural ductility is studied using a rigorous full‐range moment–curvature analysis procedure. Empirical formulae and tables are also developed to facilitate flexural ductility design of RC beams. A comparison shows that the allowable differences of tension and compression ratios may be smaller than those specified in Eurocode 8 particularly for those cast of high‐strength concrete. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flexural behavior of FRP-HSC-steel composite beams

This paper reports on an experimental study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-high-strength concrete (HSC)-steel composite beams. Seven double-skin tubular beam (DSTBs) and a concrete-filled FRP tube (CFFT) with an internal steel I-beam were tested as simply supported beams in four-point bending. The main parameters of the experimental study included the cross-sectional shapes of inner steel reinforcement and external FRP tube, concrete strength, presence (or absence) of concrete filling inside the steel tube, and effects of the use of mechanical connectors on the inner steel tube. The results indicate that DSTBs are capable of developing very high inelastic flexural deformations. However, the results also indicate that slip between the concrete and the steel tube of the DSTB can be relatively large, unless the bond between concrete and steel tube is enhanced through the use of mechanical connectors. The results of the beam tests illustrate that the flexural behavior of DSTBs is influenced significantly by the diameter and thickness of the inner steel tube. Concrete-filling the inner steel tube and increasing the concrete strength increase the flexural capacity of DSTBs without affecting their overall ductility. Furthermore, the shape of the inner steel tube influences both the flexural capacity of DSTBs and the occurrence of slippage between the concrete and the inner steel tube. It is shown that the bond slip between the concrete and inner steel tube can be prevented through the use of mechanical connectors. These results are presented together with a discussion on the influence of the main parameters on the flexural behavior of DSTBs.     

FRP筋混凝土梁正截面极限抗弯承载力的性能研究

利用FRP筋混凝土粱截面的平衡条件和变形协调条件．给出梁的平衡配筋率;分析FRP筋混凝土梁三种破坏模式,即受压破坏、受拉破坏和平衡破坏的特性;研究FRP筋混凝土梁配筋率对其正截面极限抗弯承载力的影响,并给出其影响系数。研究表明：配筋率在一定范围内,抗弯承载力随着配筋率的增大而增大;根据配筋率的不同,探讨FRP筋混凝土梁正截面极限抗弯承栽力的计算方法,建立与之相应的计算公式,并将计算结果与国内外文献中的部分试验结果相比较,且两者吻合较好。     

ECC梁的力学性能试验研究

研究了PP ECC梁的四点弯曲试验性能,制作了钢筋增强PP ECC梁,钢绞线GFRP筋增强PPECC梁,素PP ECC梁和普通钢筋混凝土梁4组试件。在试验研究中,主要考虑了配筋率、龄期等参数,对比了钢筋增强PP ECC梁、钢绞线GFRP筋增强PP ECC梁、素ECC梁与普通钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲性能,测试了试件的开裂荷载、裂缝的开展、各级荷载下的应变以及试件的极限荷载,验证了平截面假定。结果表明,对不同配筋率的PP ECC梁,配筋率越大,极限承载力增加,但极限变形减小,裂缝宽度的变化不明显。同一配筋率下,PP ECC梁比普通钢筋混凝土梁具有更高的承载力和变形性能,在屈服时刻裂缝宽度可控制在0.1mm以内。