基于图像边缘检测的变系数误差扩散方法

误差扩散算法是一种重要的图像半色调化技术,被广泛应用于各种二值化的输出设备当中,但传统的误差扩散算法生成的半色调图像易出现"蠕虫"现象和边缘模糊。针对此问题,本文提出一种结合图像边缘检测的变系数误差扩散方法,该方法以Ostromoukhov提出的变系数误差扩散算法为基础,利用其优化后的误差扩散系数,可以较好地克服"蠕虫"现象。在此基础上,采用Sobel算子检测图像的边缘并沿边缘方向修正误差扩散滤波系数,以较好地保持原图像的边缘特性。实验结果表明,利用该方法产生的半色调图像不仅具有蓝噪声特性,而且边缘结构清晰。     

基于点扩散和误差扩散的半色调自隐藏算法

将秘密图像隐藏在一幅基于点扩散或误差扩散的半色调图像中,实现基于点扩散和误差扩散的半色调自隐藏算法;以基于点扩散的双向共轭信息隐藏算法为基础实现基于点扩散的灰度半色调自隐藏算法,将该算法扩展到基于误差扩散的灰度半色调图像,提出基于误差扩散的灰度半色调自隐藏算法;以最新的基于点扩散和误差扩散的新共轭数据隐藏算法为基础,提出基于点扩散和误差扩散的彩色半色调自隐藏算法。将四类自隐藏算法进行实验验证,对不同半色调自隐藏算法的性能进行了比较。结果表明在相同参数下,基于误差扩散的彩色半色调自隐藏算法具有最好的性能。     

一种彩色图像矢量误差分散半调方法

误差分散是数字半调技术中的一项关键技术。通过对矢量彩色图像误差分散半调的分析,结合误差分散系统中量化器的建模,提出了一种增强边缘信息并减少虫状纹理的矢量彩色图像误差分散半调方法。     

图像半色调化算法研究综述

半色调化算法是图像打印输出的关键技术之一。介绍了简单阈值比较算法、使用随机数的半色调化算法、误差扩散算法、点扩散算法、按序抖动算法和抖动算法等一系列半色调化算法,并揭示了这些算法之间的联系。为了高效率地对图像做半色调化操作,商用光栅图像处理器一般使用抖动算法。抖动算法生成的半色调化图像的质量取决于所采用的抖动矩阵。基于几何分割设计半色调化抖动矩阵的方法可以在满足堆栈限制的前提下优化半色调化图像的质量。使用随机数的半色调化算法可以消除图像半色调化中产生的莫尔纹。随机半色调化算法的基础是将一定数量的随机点均匀地分布到一个正方形区域中。Asano提出了随机点均匀分布问题等价于圆形装填问题的命题,本文对该命题给出了初步的证明。最后,给出了一些有待进一步研究的图像半色调化课题。     

Multiscale rank-based ordered dither algorithm for digital halftoning

In this paper, we proposed a simple and efficient algorithm that is based on the ranking of brightness within block. It builds the cumulative intensity quadtree for each block and generates the digital halftone׳s image using its information. We did the quality assessment for the result image of the proposed algorithm. As a result of experiment, it generates the digital halftone׳s image that is a little worse than that generated by error diffusion method, but it has merits to be implemented easily in parallel hardware because of block processing and simple operations. So we can conclude that the proposed algorithm is a very practical method to apply to the hardware implementation.     

基于自适应滤波和MBVC的矢量误差扩散法

针对彩色图像最小亮度分布处理方法中存在的由于使用固定误差扩散系数带来的方向性纹理缺陷问题,提出了一种基于自适应滤波的最小亮度分布处理改进算法。该算法通过自适应的方法,在处理过程中随图像特性动态调节扩散系数,使得处理结果更加逼近原始图像。使用最小亮度分布的办法,减小因各颜色之间亮度不同所带来的彩色噪声。实验结果表明,该算法处理输出图像更加柔和,在图像渐变区域没有明显纹理,效果更好。     

一种改进的基于蓝噪声的误差分散算法

传统的误差分散算法大大促进了数字半调技术的发展。但由于该算法采用类似扫描仪的处理路线,简单的误差分散核,固定的阈值,并且忽略了关键灰度、点增益、图像色调,很容易出现比较明显的人工纹理。论文提出了一种改进的基于蓝噪声的误差分散算法。该算法采用可变的处理路线,多灰度误差分散核,并且根据图像色调、点增益自动调整量化阈值和关键灰度的误差分散系数,达到了较好的视觉效果。     

Digital halftoning by iterative isotropic error feedback

An error diffusion scheme for digital halftoning is proposed. The scheme is an iterative and isotropic error feedback process. Also, to compensate for the nonlinear tone reproduction by laser printers due to ink drop overlaps, we incorporate Pappas-Neuhoff's simplified printer model into the new error diffusion scheme. It appears that the proposed halftoning technique enhances the perceived tone continuity of halftone hard copies, and it alleviates the objectionable structured halftone textures of some existing methods. In addition, a mechanism is suggested to preview a halftone print on a gray-level CRT monitor. The user can interactively set the desired brightness of the halftone print and balance image contrast and tone continuity, which are two mutually exclusive subjective criteria for halftone reproduction.     

一种用于半色调图像的数字水印嵌入算法

本文提出了一种用于半色调图像的数字水印嵌入算法,该算法以神经网络为基础,能够通过自适应调节误差扩散滤波器等措施,实现水印嵌入与半色调处理的同步完成.仿真实验表明,所提出的半色调图像水印算法不仅具有良好的透明性,而且对JBIG压缩、叠加噪声、几何剪切、涂鸦和打印-扫描等攻击均具有较好的稳健性.     

多级半色调技术在电纸书显示优化中的应用

针对电纸书显示屏灰度等级不足的问题,提出了利用半色调图像处理技术的改进算法实现电纸书显示优化的方法.在阐述半色调技术与电子纸特点的基础上,介绍了抖动算法和误差扩散算法,通过对这两种算法进行改进提高电纸书显示的灰度级数及视觉效果.其中重点对误差扩散算法中的阈值、滤波器及扫描方式的设定进行设计,并提出一种基于误差动态检测的新的改进算法,能有效提高图像灰度级数,改善电纸书的图像显示质量.最后在电纸书系统平台上实现仿真,通过质量评价参数客观地评测了各种算法.     

A New Model-Based Digital Halftoning and Data Hiding Designed With LMS Optimization

This work employs the well known least-mean-square (LMS) method to design an adaptive filter to produce high-quality halftone images. The filter can be regarded as a transformation medium between original gray level images and corresponding halftone images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed LMS-designed halftoning offers the extra benefit of edge enhancement. Since a halftone image is typically used in printing, a modified printer model, which can coordinate with the proposed LMS-designed halftoning, is proposed to eliminate the harm caused by the dot-gain effect in printing. Moreover, two data hiding applications, the direct embedding LMS-designed halftone technique (DELDH) and the information sharing LMS-designed halftone technique (ISLDH), are proposed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed LMS-designed halftoning. The experimental results show that, both techniques can be used with the proposed modified printer model to achieve excellent image quality and decoded visual patterns     

Halftone Visual Cryptography Via Error Diffusion

Halftone visual cryptography (HVC) enlarges the area of visual cryptography by the addition of digital halftoning techniques. In particular, in visual secret sharing schemes, a secret image can be encoded into halftone shares taking meaningful visual information. In this paper, HVC construction methods based on error diffusion are proposed. The secret image is concurrently embedded into binary valued shares while these shares are halftoned by error diffusion—the workhorse standard of halftoning algorithms. Error diffusion has low complexity and provides halftone shares with good image quality. A reconstructed secret image, obtained by stacking qualified shares together, does not suffer from cross interference of share images. Factors affecting the share image quality and the contrast of the reconstructed image are discussed. Simulation results show several illustrative examples.      

Confined‐error‐diffusion algorithm for flat‐panel display

Abstract— The reduction of a structural pattern at specific gray levels caused by digital halftone methods is the subject of this paper. This problem is more severe in some flat‐panel displays because their black levels typically are brighter than other display blocks. A patented halftone algorithm, confined error diffusion (CED), that confines the error‐carry within the dither mask is described and extended. First, the CED algorithm that dynamically applies random error diffusion or the ordered‐dither method, depending upon image content, is described in detail. Finally, we propose an advanced CED algorithm for improving the gradation characteristics of the CED algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithms is compared to the experimental results for natural test images. In order to verify the halftone quality, a structural similarity measure for color images by taking into account the interrelation between color channels is proposed, and the results based on the proposed method, the color similarity measure method, is given.     

基于误差扩散的图像分存方案

提出一种基于误差扩散的(n,n)阈值图像分存方案。使用该分存方案可以将一幅秘密的二值图像分存成n幅有意义的半色调图像。使用这n张半色调的分存图可以无损恢复出原来的秘密二值图像,而任何少于n幅的分存图都无法得出原秘图的任何信息。实验表明,使用这个分存方案,能够产生出视觉质量较好且有意义的半色调图像,而且当任何一张分存图缺失时,恢复出来的图像都只是噪声图,分存方案的安全性得到保证。     

半色调图像纹理特征提取方法

提出基于局部二值化模式和像素相关算子的半色调图像纹理特征提取方法,以实现误差分散类半色调图像的分类。该方法是将误差分散类图像先进行局部二值化模式变换,再以任一像素点为中心,取适当的距离提取八个方向的像素相关值作为图像的特征向量,最后将提取的特征通过BP神经网络进行分类。实验结果表明,提出的算法适用于二值图像的特征提取,能够降低局部二值模式的特征维数,提高时间效率和空间利用率;相对灰度共生矩阵算法提出的算法在计算复杂度、识别精度等性能方面都有所改善。     

热印字机的数字半色调算法——多级多阶误差分散算法研究

文章在某军用热印字机基础上提出了一种叠代算法———多级多阶误差分散数字半色调算法,即根据图像特性有选择地分散误差,使输出图像在保持良好细节的同时有较好的对比度,结果表明有较好的视觉效果。     

Neural network based method for image halftoning and inverse halftoning

A hybrid neural network based method for halftoning and inverse halftoning of digital images is presented. The halftone image is performed by single-layer perceptron neural network (SLPNN), and its corresponding continuous-tone image is reconstructed by radial-basis function neural network (RBFNN). The combined training procedure produces halftone images and the corresponding continuous tone images at the same time. The PSNR performance and visual image quality of these contone images achieved is comparable to the well-known inverse halftoning methods. The resultant halftone images compared with the error diffusion halftone are visually good, too. Furthermore, we apply different kinds of halftone images to a bi-level image compression method, called Block Arithmetic Coding for Image Compression (BACIC), which is better than the current facsimile methods.     

一种大容量的半色调图像水印算法

在半色调图像中隐藏信息是解决印刷品的版权保护、来源认证和防止伪造等问题的有效措施。提出了一种能在半色调图像中嵌入大容量数据的隐藏算法,该算法利用误差扩散算法将待隐藏的信息作为误差信号嵌入到与该位置相邻的多个像素上,信息嵌入与半色调处理同步完成。实验表明本算法能将一幅与半色调图像同样大小的二值水印图像嵌入到半色调图像中,载有水印的图像在经受一定的噪声干扰、污损和旋转的情况下,仍能有效提取水印图像。该算法可用于普通证件的防伪。     

基于K-means聚类的数字半色调算法

数字半色调是在二值设备或多色二值设备上实现图像再现的一门技术,提出将K-means聚类法应用在数字半色调技术中。算法中应用人类视觉系统模型(HVS)和印刷模型最大限度减少原始灰度连续调图像和半色调图像之间的视觉误差;利用K-means聚类法将灰度图像划分成聚类分区,在每个聚类分区应用最小平方法(least-squares)最小化二值半色调图像和原始灰度级图像之间的平方误差,所构造的半色调算法与基于模型的最小平方法(LSMB)算法相比,随着聚类分区的增加,图像平滑且边缘清晰度增加,尤其是在图像细节部位。与LSMB算法比较,该算法的均方误差值有所降低,而权重信噪比和峰值信噪比提高了0.2～2 dB,模拟实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

实现自适应边缘增强的P-M模型

P-M模型利用扩散偏微分方程进行图像平滑,通过随梯度自适应变化的扩散系数实现去除噪声的同时保护图像边缘特征,为进一步提高图像视觉效果,希望在图像边缘附近进行逆扩散以增强边缘特征,为此提出了实现自适应边缘增强的P-M模型。该改进模型中的边缘增强作用基于shock滤波器逆扩散方程,通过设置随梯度自适应变化的逆扩散系数而实现。实验结果表明,相比经典P-M模型,改进模型能使去噪后的图像有更好的主观视觉效果,同时峰值信噪比也更高。