丙烯腈装置本质危险分析与工艺安全设计

针对丙烯腈装置的特点,从物性和反应机理上分析危险因素,介绍最新的工艺安全设计及相应的安全管理措施或建议,为丙烯腈装置的平稳、安全操作提供了有价值的参考。     

试论在石油中小型企业中实行股份合作制问题

股份合作制是企业产权制度改革的主要形式之一,文章对石油中小型企业改制为股份合作制企业的可行性进行了分析,认为既符合国有企业改革方向,同时也符合中国石油天然气集团公司的总体改革思路.介绍了新建及改建股份合作制企业的设立程序,及设立股份合作制企业时应注意的问题.     

The evaluation of food hygiene knowledge,attitudes, and practices of food handlers’ in food businesses in Turkey

The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning food safety issues among food handlers in Turkey, conducting face to face interview and administrating questionnaire. Of the 764 food handlers who responded, 9.6% were involved in touching or distributing unwrapped foods routinely and use protective gloves during their working activity. A majority of participants (47.8%) had not taken a basic food safety training. The mean food safety knowledge scores was 43.4 ± 16.3. The study demonstrated that food handlers in Turkish food businesses often have lack of knowledge regarding the basic food hygiene (critical temperatures of hot or cold ready-to-eat foods, acceptable refrigerator temperature ranges, and cross-contamination etc.). There is a immediate need for education and increasing awareness among food handlers regarding safe food handling practices.     

生活污水处理实验分析及工艺改造可行性评价

针对榆林天然气处理厂生活污水处理现状,在对生活污水进行水质分析的基础上,采用室内实验的方式确定最佳的水处理条件和加药量,并对处理后的水质进行了分析和评价。最后结合目前的生活水处理工艺,提出改造方案并进行可行性分析,以期能使生活污水处理系统快速、高效、环保运行,减轻回注水对地层的污染,提高回注水的达标率。     

Application of hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) system to vacuum-packed sauced pork in Chinese food corporations

Our study aims to establish an HACCP system which was implemented for the quality assurance of vacuum-packed sauced pork processing in Chinese food corporations. After identified hazards, the critical control points were defined using a decision tree. In addition, the vacuum-packed sauced pork products, manufactured by three corporations, were detected for chemical and microbial contaminants before and after the implementation of the HACCP system, respectively. According to the national food hygiene standards accepted by PR China, for nitrite, aerobic plate count and coliforms, the percentage of products obtained before vs. after the implementation of HACCP satisfying the standards was 86.2% vs. 100%, 71.3% vs. 96.4% and 71.3% vs. 95.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the contaminants of vacuum-packed sauced pork can be reduced or eliminated if an HACCP system is applied effectively.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices of food handlers on food safety in food service operations at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in food service operation at the main campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) regarding food safety. Data were collected from 112 food handlers through questionnaires which consisted of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices. The results showed that there was significantly positive correlation among the three levels and respondents possess good scores for knowledge (19.68 ± 3.87) about personal hygiene, foodborne diseases and temperature control of food; for attitudes (89.26 ± 8.66) on safe food handling, and for practices (90.02 ± 8.23), specifically for appropriate hand washing, use of gloves in food preparation and prevention of food hazards. About 73.2% of respondents never attend any training related to food safety and majority show poor knowledge of pathogens associated with disease-causing agents as well as critical temperatures for storage of ready-to-eat foods. Therefore, effective and ongoing training on food safety and hygiene must be given to all food service employees to ensure the safety of food provided.     

CRT监控系统在中小型炼油厂中的应用

介绍一种操作简单、安全可靠，投资灵活的计算机控制系统。     

The SAFE FOODS framework for integrated risk analysis of food: An approach designed for science-based,transparent, open and participatory management of food safety

The SAFE FOODS framework proposes an integrated five-step procedure for the risk analysis. The five steps are: framing, risk assessment, evaluation, risk management, and review. The framework is designed to address both risks and benefits. The SAFE FOODS approach introduces a 20-member Interface Committee, headed by a risk manager, to run the procedure. First third of the members is risk managers, second third is independent scientific experts and the last third is stakeholders with economic interests and with consumer interests. The role of the different steps in the procedure and the role of each category of Committee Members during the process are described. The proposal suggests a strict separation of responsibilities between managerial members on one side and scientific members and stakeholder members on the other side. This division of responsibilities in the committee opens up new possibilities for transparency, openness and participation without violation of the delegation-of-power rule. For the communication with the interested parties and the public at large during the process it is foreseen to create an Internet Forum, and use press conferences, press releases and interviews. Overall the SAFE FOODS proposal shall be seen as an invitation for rethinking the current risk assessment/risk management system in EU.     

新疆乌尔禾白垩系油砂矿地质特征及资源评价

准噶尔盆地油砂资源丰富,其中盆地西北缘乌尔禾地区油砂性质最好。在前人对关该地区的地层特征及构造演化的分析基础上,进一步阐明浅层油砂层位、沉积环境、及油砂分布特征,并且采用重量法初步计算了该地区油砂储量,指出了有利的开发区带。     

沙东南—渤中地区馆陶组水资源量评价

海上油田对注入水质要求严格、水源研究日趋重要。沙东南-渤中地区为渤海油田重要产区,注入水源充足与否直接决定着油田开发生产是否顺利。本次针对该地区,对主要水源目的层馆陶组进行了水资源量评价研究工作。馆陶组储层系统研究表明,馆陶组砂岩虽然分布广、但厚度变化大、物性非均质性强,具体油田馆陶组水源条件因此有所差异。采用容积法对沙东南-渤中地区馆陶组储层水资源量进行了计算,该区馆陶组水资源量为3366×108m3,其中Ng1段水资源量为840×108m3;Ng2段水资源量为483×108m3;Ng3段水资源量为2043×108m3。总体水资源量比较充沛,能够满足沙东南-渤中地区各油田长期开发对水资源的需要,但分布复杂,需要针对具体油田进行深入研究。     

阿姆河盆地成藏组合划分与资源潜力评价

结合阿姆河盆地最新地质资料和勘探成果,通过成藏要素和油气聚集规律分析,以储集层为核心划分成藏组合,针对各成藏组合进行资源潜力和地质风险评价,最后应用资源-地质风险概率双因素法优选有利成藏组合。在阿姆河盆地上白垩统赛诺曼—土伦阶砂岩、下白垩统欧特里夫—阿尔布阶砂岩、上侏罗统卡洛夫—牛津阶碳酸盐岩和中下侏罗统砂岩等主力储集层内划分出10个成藏组合,采用蒙特卡洛模拟法计算得到阿姆河盆地待发现油气资源量可达3.308×109 t,其中天然气占98%以上。参考对储集层、圈闭、运移和保存等成藏要素的地质风险评价结果,应用资源-地质风险概率双因素法进行有利成藏组合的评价和优选。共划分出2个Ⅰ类成藏组合,1个Ⅱa类成藏组合,2个Ⅱb类成藏组合,3个Ⅲ类成藏组合,1个Ⅳa类和1个Ⅳc类成藏组合。综合分析认为阿姆河盆地最有利的勘探领域是位于木尔加布坳陷内的上侏罗统卡洛夫—牛津阶碳酸盐岩储集层。     

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��According to the production charactenstics of oil and gas fields, the requirements of small power natural gas engine are emphatically presented in this paper.Based on comparing with its using results of small power natural gas engine in abroad, copying and remodeling technical plan as well as power class, of natural gas engine are analyzed, Some work suggestions ane presented also.     

Evaluation of food safety and sanitary practices among food vendors at car parks in Ile Ife,southwestern Nigeria

Globally, the street food business has expanded rapidly and provides access to a diversity of inexpensive, ready-to-eat variety of food for customers. Street Food vendors (SFVs) operate where numerous customers exist and their operations are poorly regulated in Nigeria. Globally, SFVs were implicated in several outbreaks of foodborne diseases. This study therefore evaluates the behavioural characteristics and hygiene practices of SFVs in car parks in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria.The study was cross sectional in design and utilized interviewer-administered questionnaire on 160 randomly selected SFVs, targeting demography, food and personal hygiene practices and knowledge of foodborne diseases.Most respondents were <40 years (134, 83.7%); females (147, 91.9%); married (125, 78.1%); had at least secondary education (144, 90%); and vend whole meals (151, 94.3%), respectively. In addition, only 27 (16.9%) ‘always’ wash hands after using the toilet; 100 (62.5%) ‘rarely’ keep finger nails short while only 6 (3.8%) SFVs ‘always’ refrigerate leftover cooked food, though experiences power outages that compromise refrigeration temperatures. About ⅔ (61.9%) of the SFVs had no formal training and their medical status is unknown. Hence, inception and refreshers trainings should be mandatory and enforced by appropriate authorities. In addition, supportive monitoring, supervision, among others are necessary to promote compliance.     

化工工艺设计中安全危险的识别及控制方法探讨

化工工艺是工业发展的重要组成部分,是化工生产得以实施的前提。化工工业必须按照本质安全设计的原则和目的进行识别,这样才能有效控制化工工艺中危险因素,更好地实现工业的可持续发展。     

东濮凹陷油气资源评价问题探讨

东濮凹陷是一个典型的盐湖沉积盆地,特殊的沉积特征决定了其油气资源评价方法的特殊性.根据东濮凹陷生油岩的高温、高压模拟试验资料,在一定的温压条件下,生油岩的液态窗可能会延长,使深部地层的油气资源,尤其是液态石油的资源供给量增加.模拟试验资料还表明,在高温、高压条件下,生油岩的总生烃量会增加,其有机碳的转化率最高可达41%.因此,用常规方法计算的资源量偏低,应重新测试在高温、高压条件下生油岩的产烃资源,准确计算东濮凹陷的资源量,为深层油气勘探明确目标.     

Rapid and specific sensing of tetracycline in food using a novel upconversion aptasensor

Rare earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have a promising potential in biodetection due to their unique frequency upconverting capability and high detection sensitivity. This study developed a novel and sensitive aptamer-based UCNPs (NaY_0.48Gd_0.3F₄:Yb_0.2, Ho_0.02) biosensor for sensing tetracycline (TET) in foodstuffs. The aptamer-magnetic nanoparticles (aptamer-MNPs) and the complementary DNA-UCNPs (cDNA-UCNPs) conjugates were prepared and used as the capture and signal probes, respectively. They formed the complex of MNPs-aptamer-cDNA-UCNPs with complete binding. With TET addition, the aptamer preferentially bound with TET and caused the dissociation of some cDNA; and the liberation of some cDNA-UCNPs. This led to a decreased fluorescent signal on the surface of MNPs. Under the optimal conditions, a wide linear detection range from 0.01 to 100 ng/mL was achieved, with a limit of detection of 0.0062 ng/mL, for detection of TET. The proposed method was successfully applied to measure TET in contaminated samples. Results showed that the proposed UCNPs biosensor offers an efficient, specific, and simple approach for the detection of TET in food, and has high potential for food safety and quality control.     

Analysis of patulin in dutch food,an evaluation of a SPE based method

A reliable method for the determination of patulin in apple juice, apple puree and apples was developed using two clean-up steps and high performance liquid chromatography and diode array (HPLC–DAD) analysis. Baseline separation from hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) was obtained. The performance characteristics of the method were determined at four concentration levels in two matrices and fulfill the requirements of the European Commission (EC) for this type of samples. The level of quantification was set to 25 μg/l or 25 μg/kg, the RSD for repeatability at this level is 11% for apple juice and 17% for apples, the recovery is 87% for apple juice and 63% for apples. The reproducibility was determined in apples and is 11% (at a level of 200 μg/kg). The method was used for determination of patulin in 63 commercial apple products available on the Dutch market. With the exception of one sample, the level of patulin was lower than the detection limit in all the samples. No statistically significant difference was found between conventional and organic samples.     

Economically motivated food fraud and adulteration in China: An analysis based on 1553 media reports

Based on 1553 media reports on food safety scandals and concerns, we conducted an aggregated analysis on economically motivated food frauds and adulterations in China. A systematic approach is used to analyze the country's food safety concern in terms of fraud type, implicated foods, adulterants, contaminants and abnormal conditions, and concerned food sources. This study indicate that economically motivated food fraud and adulteration was an emerging and serious food safety problem in China. The results of the study can be used not only to analyze food safety risks but also to prioritize target areas for food policy-making and enforcement of food safety regulation.     

烃源岩抽提物中藿烷分子碳同位素分析新方法及指示意义

以5Å分子筛/氧化铝混合填料的层析柱对烃源岩抽提物进行了分离,成功获取了以藿烷类化合物为主的亚组分,可直接用于单化合物碳同位素分析。通过对典型海、陆相烃源岩中的藿烷碳同位素特征进行对比研究,结果表明准噶尔盆地二叠系芦草沟组湖相页岩中藿烷系列单体化合物的碳同位素值(δ¹³C)分布在-40.7‰~-62.7‰,且呈现出随着碳数的增加同位素值变轻的特点;而川西北二叠系海相页岩中藿烷化合物δ¹³C则相对较重,分布在-20.5‰~-45.4‰,具有随碳数增加先变轻再变重的趋势。两类页岩中藿烷类化合物的碳同位素变化幅度可达±20‰以上,尤其是川西北二叠系海相页岩中藿烷类化合物单体碳同位素的差异可达到±24.9‰,表明藿烷类化合物具有明显的多源特征。藿烷类化合物的分子碳同位素受到原始沉积环境、母质来源与演化过程的影响而可能具有较大的差异,但这并不影响其有望成为新的油源对比指标。