Fuzzy logic controller and cascade inverter for direct torque control of IM

In this paper, a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters topology is applied on induction motor control known as direct torque control (DTC) strategy. More inverter states can be generated by a five-level inverter which improves voltage selection capability. This paper also introduces two different control methods to select the appropriate output voltage vector for reducing the torque and flux error to zero. The first is based on the conventional DTC scheme using a pair of hysteresis comparators and look up table to select the output voltage vector for controlling the torque and flux. The second is based on a new fuzzy logic controller using Sugeno as the inference method to select the output voltage vector by replacing the hysteresis comparators and lookup table in the conventional DTC, to which the results show more reduction in torque ripple and feasibility of smooth stator current. By using Matlab/Simulink, it is verified that using five-level inverter in DTC drive can reduce the torque ripple in comparison with conventional DTC, and further torque ripple reduction is obtained by applying fuzzy logic controller. The simulation results have also verified that using a fuzzy controller instead of a hysteresis controller has resulted in reduction in the flux ripples significantly as well as reduces the total harmonic distortion of the stator current to below 4 %.     

带观测器的单相逆变器数字双环控制器设计及分析

为了获得具有带宽高、动态响应快、输出电压谐波少、适应非线性负载强等特点的高性能单相逆变器,设计了带观测器的单相逆变器数字电压外环电流内环控制器,通过MATLAB仿真,结果表明该控制系统具有良好的稳态和动态特性,且在带非线性负载时总谐波失真非常小,从而得出基于观测器的数字电压外环电流内环控制器可以设计出高性能的单相逆变器。     

A novel fuzzy direct torque control system for three-level inverter-fed induction machine

Diode clamped multi-level inverter (DCMLI) has a wide application prospect in high-voltage and adjustable speed drive systems due to its low stress on switching devices, low harmonic output, and simple structure. However, the problem of complexity of selecting vectors and capacitor voltage unbalance needs to be solved when the algorithm of direct torque control (DTC) is implemented on DCMLI. In this paper, a fuzzy DTC system of an induction machine fed by a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter is proposed. After introducing fuzzy logic, optimal selecting switching state is realized by applying various strategies which can distinguish the grade of the errors of stator flux linkage, torque, the neutral-point potential, and the position of stator flux linkage. Consequently, the neutral-point potential unbalance, the dv/dt of output voltage and the switching loss are restrained effectively, and desirable dynamic and steady-state performances of induction machines can be obtained for the DTC scheme. A design method of the fuzzy controller is introduced in detail, and the relevant simulation and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm.     

基于αβ坐标下离网逆变器控制策略研究

三相离网逆变器的数学模型在dq坐标系下存在耦合项,并且当负载突变或不平衡时,输出电流波形易产生畸变,对负载造成一定的损坏并减少其使用寿命.针对上述存在的问题,提出基于αβ坐标系下的电流重复控制策略,该控制策略不需要进行Park变换和解耦计算,且能有效地抑制波形的畸变.仿真结果表明:采用LC型滤波器三相逆变器在αβ坐标系下电流重复控制方法是正确的,且能够减少逆变器输出电流波形的谐波含量,满足谐波畸变率要求,为负载提供优质的电能.     

Harmonics elimination in multilevel inverter with unequal DC sources by fuzzy-ABC algorithm

The harmonious appearance in multilevel inverter output voltage is more for the case of unequal DC sources. In this paper, a hybrid technique incorporating fuzzy inference system (FIS) and artificial bee's colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed. FIS is a rule-based artificial intelligent technique which is used for generating the data set in terms of switching angle, harmonic voltage and harmonic distortion. The data set is generated as per the behaviour of the multilevel inverter without using any harmonic elimination technique. In the generated data set, the switching angle and the harmonic voltage are categorised as SMALL, MEDIUM and LARGE. Then, the ABC algorithm is used to optimise the selection of switching angles from the training data set. The performance of the proposed hybrid technique is tested on a 7-level cascade H-bridge inverter for different voltage levels of unequal DC sources using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed technique is evaluated by comparing the reduction capacity of total harmonic distortion for different voltage levels of unequal DC sources with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm and fuzzy-PSO algorithm.     

基于模糊平均电流控制的电池电源控制器研究

针对电池电源逆变系统中的直流一直流变换器,提出了采用模糊控制和平均电流控制相结合的方法(称为模糊平均电流控制法)进行控制,并且使用了比常见的小信号平均分析法更为精确的大信号模型对系统进行建模分析.文章在系统模型的建立、控制方案的设计、参数整定等方面都做了详细的说明.针对一个电池电源系统实例,使用Matlab搭建平台和控制系统进行仿真分析.这种控制算法具有响应迅速,抗扰动能力强的优点,在仿真结果中也得到了证明.     

基于双环控制的航空静止变流器的建模与仿真

针对航空静止变流器在非线性负载条件下输出电压谐波含量大以及逆变器动态响应过程十分缓慢的问题,采用电容电流内环电压外环的双环控制技术,给出了控制器参数基于极点配置的方法,建立了单相航空静止变流器的数学模型。通过Matlab/Simulink软件平台对模型仿真。结果表明:设计方法能真实反映系统的动、静态性能,同时也验证了采用双环控制技术解决航空静止变流器带非线性负载时输出波形畸变以及动态响应缓慢的问题是行之有效的。     

Selective compensation of voltage harmonics in grid-connected microgrids

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for selective compensation of main voltage harmonics in a grid-connected microgrid. The aim of compensation is to provide a high voltage quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). PCC voltage quality is of great importance due to sensitive loads that may be connected. It is assumed that the voltage harmonics are originated from distortion in grid voltage as well as the harmonic current of the nonlinear loads. Harmonic compensation is achieved through proper control of distributed generators (DGs) interface converters. The compensation effort of each harmonic is shared considering the respective current harmonic supplied by the DGs. The control system of each DG comprises harmonic compensator, fundamental power controllers, voltage and current proportional-resonant controller and virtual impedance loop. Virtual impedance is considered at fundamental frequency to enhance power control and also at harmonic frequencies to improve the nonlinear load sharing among DGs. The control system design is discussed in detail. The presented simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in compensation of the voltage harmonics to an acceptable level.     

Cascade nonlinear control of shunt active power filters with average performance analysis

The problem of controlling single-phase shunt active power filters is addressed in presence of nonlinear loads. The control objective is twofold: (i) compensation of harmonic and reactive currents absorbed by the nonlinear load, this objective is referred to as power factor correction (PFC); (ii) regulation of the inverter output capacitor voltage. A two-loop cascade control strategy is developed that includes an inner-loop designed, using the Lyapunov design approach, to cope with the compensation issue and an outer-loop designed to regulate the capacitor voltage. The controller performances are formally analysed using system averaging theory. The theoretical results are illustrated by simulation.     

Type-2 Fuzzy Adaptive Output Feedback Saturation Control for Photovoltaic Grid-connected Power Systems

The adaptive interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy output feedback control problem is studied for a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected power system. The equivalent resistors of the inductors in the system are unknown and the part states are not available. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2FLSs) are utilized to approximate the uncertain nonlinear dynamics, and an IT2 fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unavailable states. By introducing a command filter method and using a backstepping control design technique, an IT2 fuzzy output feedback control scheme is investigated, in which the constraint conditions of pulse width modulation are ensured via mean-value theorem. It is proved that all the variables of the closed-loop photovoltaic system are uniformly ultimately bounded. The simulation and comparison results demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme.

     

基于AT波形重构方法的逆变技术研究

在中高压变频驱动系统中,通常采用多重化和多电平逆变技术,以降低逆变电压的谐波。本文提出了另外一种降低偕波的逆变技术,构成了一种基于波形童构的具有辅助变压器的逆变器拓扑。在介绍其基本工作原理的基础卜,分析了辅助变压器变比和逆变器导电制与输出电压总谐波畸变率之间的关系,并将该逆变器与几种常见的逆变器从直流电源利用率、总谐波畸变率等方面进行了比较分析。协真实验研究结果表明,对所提出的逆变器采用多重化技术,同样具有较女『的性能。     

一种新的自适应非单点模糊辨识器

鉴于常规单点模糊逻辑系统在解决不确定性问题中存在的不足,该文在分析非单点模糊逻辑理论的基础之上,提出了一种新的自适应非单点模糊辨识器,并且详细论述了其相关理论、具体实现步骤和参数优化方法。针对一种糖酵解混沌振荡器模型的非线性动态系统辨识问题,采用非单点模糊逻辑系统对其进行了仿真研究,取得了较好的逼进和收敛效果,从而验证了该非单点模糊辨识器的可行性和有效性。该研究结果表明了基于非单点模糊逻辑系统构造的自适应辨识器能够在一定精度和时间区域内跟踪非线性动态系统的输出,并且非单点模糊理论将能够在控制等其它应用领域取得较好的应用效果。     

基于Simulink光伏并网逆变器滞环电流控制的研究

针对光伏并网逆变系统特点,采用滞环电流控制方式对3kW单相光伏并网逆变器进行研究。对滞环电流控制方法进行理论分析,并利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,该控制方法保证了逆变器输出电流波形质量,并使系统的输出电流和电网电压同频同相,并网的功率因数接近为1;且分析了波形总谐波畸变率。     

三相电压型PWM整流器的自抗扰控制研究

三相电压型PWM整流器是一个多输入多输出的强非线性结构,并对三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型和自抗扰控制器进行了原理分析;为了改善整流系统抗扰性及参数摄动等问题,采用一种改进型的非线性自抗扰控制方案,同时给出了离散形式的表达式;然后,重新构造了常规自抗扰控制器中非线性状态误差反馈控制律(NLSEF)和扩张状态观测器(ESO)的非线性函数,以此来克服非线性函数的不平滑性能,从而减小整流系统输出的高频颤振现象;在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行仿真和搭建了实验样机来验证,改进型自抗扰控制器与常规自抗扰控制器进行对比分析。结果表明了改进型自抗扰控制策略改善了交流侧电压和负载突变敏感的缺点,并降低了交流侧电流总谐波含量,且直流侧电压具有更好的动静态性和鲁棒性。     

基于时变增益扩张状态观测器的逆变器系统自适应super-twisting电压鲁棒控制

针对电压源逆变器系统中负载扰动和参数摄动,本文提出了一种基于时变增益扩张状态观测器的自适应super-twisting鲁棒电压控制新方法.首先考虑负载扰动,建立单相逆变器系统的动态模型,进而考虑系统参数摄动,通过引入非测量辅助状态变量,将上述动态模型转化为只包含匹配扰动的状态方程;其次,设计时变增益扩张状态观测器,以实现对非测量辅助状态变量与包含负载变化和参数摄动等因素在内的集总不确定项的估计;最后,基于此扩张状态观测器,设计采用自适应super-twisting算法的滑模控制律,以实现逆变器系统输出电压对其参考电压的快速准确跟踪并增强系统鲁棒性.仿真实验结果表明:所提出的时变增益扩张状态观测器可在保证观测误差收敛的同时,有效抑制"初始微分峰值"现象;采用自适应super-twisting算法的滑模控制策略可使逆变器系统输出电压具有较高跟踪精度和较小总谐波失真率,增强系统的抗干扰能力,并降低控制输入信号"抖振".     

Z源逆变器高阶微分反馈控制研究

以航空静止变流器控制为研究对象,针对传统两级逆变结构效率低且系统复杂以及死区效应带来的死区波形畸变问题,引入Z源逆变器设计航空静止变流器。针对Z源逆变器系统高阶且非最小相位造成的控制器设计复杂的问题,引入了一种基于高阶微分器的反馈控制策略,该控制策略利用高阶微分器对系统各阶状态变量进行估计,具有不依赖于精确系统模型的特点。仿真实验表明,将此反馈控制器用于Z源逆变器输出电压控制时能够有效跟踪给定输出电压,系统受到外部扰动时依然能保持良好的静态和动态性能,满足静变流器控制需求。     

基于三相桥式逆变电路的恒频调制技术对比分析

为了验证逆变电路中不同调制技术的输出特性,基于三相桥式逆变电路,对几种恒频调制技术进行对比分析。针对基本三相桥式逆变电路和三相桥式MMC(Modular Multilevel Converter)电路,采用PWM、SVPWM、载波移相、载波层叠及最近电平逼近调制(Nearest Level Modulation,NLM)等恒频调制技术对其进行控制,搭建Matlab/Simulink仿真,仿真分析不同调制方法下输出线电压波形,对直流电压利用率、总谐波畸变率(Total Harmonics Distortion,THD)和功率损耗进行分析比较。仿真结果表明,当拓扑为基本三相桥式逆变电路时,除NLM外,各调制方法均能满足电能质量国家标准THD规定,但直流电压利用率相差较大;当拓扑为三相桥式MMC电路时,分别采用载波移相、载波层叠及NLM实现了七电平MMC的调制。     

Fuzzy adaptive output feedback control for a class of switched non-triangular structure nonlinear systems with time-varying delays

This paper investigates an adaptive fuzzy output feedback control design problem for switched nonlinear system in non-triangular structure form. The discussed system contains unknown nonlinear dynamics, unmeasured states and unknown time-varying delays under a batch of switching signals. Fuzzy logic systems are utilised to learn unknown nonlinear dynamics and construct a fuzzy switched nonlinear observer. By combining the property of fuzzy basis function with Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the command filter, a novel observer-based fuzzy adaptive backstepping schematic design algorithm is presented. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop control system is proved via Lyapunov stability theory and average dwell time method. The simulation results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed control scheme.     

串级连续搅拌反应釜的有限时间命令滤波控制

针对串级连续搅拌反应釜系统的快速精准跟踪控制问题,利用自适应反步控制方法、模糊逻辑系统、命令滤波器以及有限时间控制技术设计串级连续搅拌反应釜系统的有限时间命令滤波控制器.其中,自适应反步方法使系统控制器的设计更简单;模糊逻辑系统通过逼近系统模型中的复杂非线性函数使控制器的在线计算量更小;命令滤波器解决了经典反步法带来的“计算爆炸”的问题;有限时间控制方法能够使系统被控量更迅速地跟踪其参考值; Lyapunov稳定性分析证明了系统的稳定性.通过Matlab实例仿真验证所设计控制器的有效性和可行性,为有限时间命令滤波控制技术在实际串级连续搅拌反应釜过程中的应用提供指导.与现有控制方法相比,所提出的控制策略具有控制器结构简单、在线计算复杂度小、跟踪速度快以及无静差的优点.     

基于虚拟电阻的PWM逆变器LC输出滤波器的研究

为了提高PWM逆变器输出的电能质量,一般在逆变器的输出端设置滤波器进行滤波.针对LC滤波器谐振频率附近的谐波干扰引起滤波器振荡以及增加无源阻尼电阻带来的额外损耗的问题,提出采用有源阻尼的方法抑制LC输出滤波器的振荡.通过适当的控制算法,在LC滤波器上等效出一个虚拟电阻,实现对LC输出滤波器阻尼电阻的作用.因为无实际的电阻元件,所以滤波器不会产生电能的额外损耗.既使得电能质量得到优化,又提高了逆变器的效率.最后,通过在Matlab下搭建仿真实验,验证了所提方法的有效性.