Laboratory evaluation of HMA with high density polyethylene as a modifier

This paper investigates the viability of using high density polyethylene (HDPE) as a modifier for asphalt paving materials. Different ratios of HDPE by weight of asphalt were blended with 80/100 paving grade asphalt. Unmodified and modified asphalt binders were subjected to physicochemical and homogeneity tests. The performance tests including, Marshall Stability, Marshall Quotient (MQ), tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, flexural strength and resilient modulus were carried out on unmodified and modified hot asphalt mixtures. The analyses of test results show that the performance of HDPE-modified asphalt mixtures are better than conventional mixtures. The moisture susceptibility and temperature susceptibility can be reduced by the inclusion of HDPE in the asphalt mixture. A HDPE content of 5% by weight of asphalt is recommended for the improvement of the performance of asphalt concrete mixtures similar to that investigated in this study.     

Laboratory evaluation of flexible pavement materials containing waste polyethylene (WPE) film

This paper presents a research to recycle the waste vinyl (waste polyethylene film: WPE film) in asphalt mixtures for improving the performance properties of the mixtures. Conventional Marshall mix designs were carried out with varying WPE contents, and the best performing content of WPE film was determined from the previous study. Also, asphalt mixtures with two commercial polymer modifiers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), were used to compare the effectiveness of WPE-modified mixture. The strength characteristics such as Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength (ITS) were evaluated, and the wheel tracking test, result of which is generally considered to reflect the field performance, was conducted to measure the rutting resistance of the asphalt mixtures. From the results of this study, asphalt mixture with waste vinyl showed much better rutting resistance than normal asphalt mixture without WPE. It is hypothesized if an optimum content of waste vinyl is used, it is expected that the waste vinyl will be effective as much as commercial modifier in improving the performance of asphalt pavements.     

Mechanistic analysis of ST and SBS-modified flexible pavements

This paper deals with the viability of using starch (ST) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) as an additive in stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures. A 5% of ST and SBS by weight of bitumen were blended with (70/100)-paving grade asphalt. Unmodified and modified bitumen were subjected to physiochemical tests. The performance tests including, Marshall stability, tensile strength, tensile strength ratio and resilient modulus were carried out on unmodified and modified SMA mixtures. A mechanistic-empirical design approach was used for estimating the improvement in service life of the pavement or reduction in thickness of SMA and base layer for the same service life due to modification the SMA mixtures. The analyses of test results show that the moisture damage and temperature susceptibility can be reduced by the inclusion of ST and SBS in the asphalt mixture. The results also revealed that ST-modifier can be used as anti-stripping agent, and reduced plant emissions and energy consumption by 30%, as well as it shows resistant to fuels, most common chemicals and solvents. The results of multi-layer elastic analysis presented herein indicate that the pavement consisting of ST and SBS-modified SMA as a surface layer is beneficial in reducing the construction materials. In addition, the safe pavement design criteria of unmodified and modified SMA mixtures based on the anisotropic elasticity analysis through finite-element simulation were obtained and reported herein.     

Laboratory comparison study for the use of stone matrix asphalt in hot weather climates

Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) is a hot mixture asphalt consisting of a coarse aggregate skeleton and a high binder content mortar. It was developed in Germany during the mid-1960s and it has been used in Europe for more than 20 years to provide better rutting resistance and to resist studded tyre wear. The main objective of this research study was to compare the performance of the normally used dense graded asphalt mixtures, named in this research as control mixtures, and SMA mixtures. Samples from both mixtures were fabricated at their optimum asphalt contents that were 5.3% for control mixtures and 6.9% for SMA mixtures. Comparison performance tests that included Marshall stability, loss of Marshall stability, split tensile strength, loss of split tensile strength, resilient modulus, fatigue, and rutting testing were performed on both mixtures. Test results showed that although the control mixtures have higher compressive and tensile strengths, SMA mixtures have higher durability and resilience properties. In addition, although the research could not prove the superiority of SMA in rutting resistance because of the limited sample sizes, field performance of SMA mixtures proves its superiority. Therefore, especially in hot weather climates, these properties, (durability, resilience and rutting resistance) give SMA mixtures advantages over dense graded mixtures.     

The effects of using lime and styrene–butadiene–styrene on moisture sensitivity resistance of hot mix asphalt

This study focuses on determining the effects of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and using mineral filler with lime on various properties of hot mix asphalt especially moisture damage resistance. The asphalt cement was modified with 2%, 4% and 6% SBS. The lime treated mixtures containing 2% lime by weight of the total aggregate as filler. The physical and mechanical properties of polymer modified binder and binder–aggregate mixes were evaluated through their fundamental engineering properties such as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), rotational viscosimeter (RV) for binders, Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, indirect tensile strength and moisture susceptibility for mixes. The retained Marshall stability (RMS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) values were calculated to determine the resistance of mixtures to moisture damage. To investigate clearly the effective of SBS and lime seven freeze–thaw cycle was applied to specimens at TSR test. The results indicate that application of SBS modified binders and lime as mineral filler one by one improves the stability, stiffness and strength characteristic of hot mix asphalt. According to retained Marshall stability it is concluded that addition of only 2% lime have approximately same effect with addition of 6% SBS. Using lime together within the SBS modified mixes exhibit high accordance and exacerbates the improvement of properties. Specimens containing both 2% lime and 6% SBS, have the highest stiffness modulus which is 2.3 times higher than those of the control mixture and showed the least reduction in tensile strength ratio while maintaining 0.70 tensile strength ratio after seven freeze–thaw cycle.     

Investigation of rutting performance of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modifiers

The purpose of this study is to evaluate mechanical properties of control and modified asphalt mixtures. Conventional and five modified asphalt mixtures were studied on hot mix asphalt permanent deformation resistance. Amorphous polyalphaolefin, cellulose fiber, polyolefin, bituminous cellulose fiber and styrene butadiene styrene were used as modifiers. Indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile, static and repeated creep and LCPC wheel tracking tests were used for different loading conditions and temperatures. Research was focused on comparing the interaction between LCPC wheel tracking and other mechanical tests. According to the LCPC wheel tracking and repeated creep test results SBS mixtures were found as the most resistance mixtures in view of the rutting. Additives performed different performance levels but showed more resistance to permanent deformation according to the conventional mixtures. As far as the static creep test results are concerned there are controversial results because conventional mixtures are better. It is thought that this result may stem from the static behavior of the load and rheological change of bitumen with modifiers.     

橡胶粉掺量对环氧沥青及其混合料性能的影响

通过黏度、拉伸、马歇尔、车辙和低温弯曲试验分析了掺2%~10%（质量分数）橡胶粉的改性环氧沥青及其混合料的性能.结果表明：掺橡胶粉后,改性环氧沥青的容留时间略有缩短,断裂延伸率有所提高,其中掺6%橡胶粉的改性环氧沥青断裂延伸率可达261%;与普通环氧沥青混合料相比,掺2%,4%,6%橡胶粉的改性环氧沥青混合料其高温稳定性能良好,低温脆性均有所改善,且掺4%,6%橡胶粉的改性环氧沥青混合料低温强度较高、变形能力较好.     

Effects of various additives on the moisture damage sensitivity of asphalt mixtures

Effects of four additives, namely two fatty amine (Wetfix I, Lilamin VP 75P), one catalyst (Chemcrete) and a polymer (rubber), on the moisture damage of asphalt mixtures were studied. Rheological characteristics of the binders were measured using conventional methods both original and thin-film oven aged. Mechanical characteristics of the mixtures were evaluated with Marshall, indirect tensile and Lottman treatment tests. The additives used in this study reduced the level of damage due to moisture in asphalt mixtures. Minimum acceptable indirect tensile strength ratio (0.70) is achieved when Chemcrete and 0.2% of Wetfix I, and 0.4–0.6% of Lilamin VP 75P are used in asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile strength ratio may decrease due to the relatively higher strength obtained in dry specimens with respect to the conditioned ones. Indirect tensile strength ratios of asphalt paving specimens were found to be less than the Marshall Stability ratios.     

纤维稳定剂对排水沥青混合料水稳定性的影响

聚酯纤维和木质素纤维这2种稳定剂常用于排水沥青混合料以提高其高温稳定性能。该文对比分析了掺加聚酯纤维和木质素纤维的OGFC-13沥青混合料的水稳定性能,通过浸水时间不同的马歇尔稳定度和循环次数不同的劈裂强度试验,得出排水沥青混合料OGFC-13的残留稳定度和冻融循环劈裂强度比的变化趋势。同时比较了2种纤维的标准飞散损失和浸水飞散损失。结果表明,在马歇尔残留稳定度、冻融循环劈裂强度和飞散损失的水稳定性试验中,掺聚酯纤维和木质素纤维的OGFC-13沥青混合料表现出不同的性能,不能笼统地说明哪种纤维改性排水沥青混合料性能的优劣。     

Performance based binder type selection using mixed integer programming technique

The rationale behind an asphalt mix design is optimizing the binder content for the desired aggregate gradation to satisfy the specified volumetric and strength requirements. The designed asphalt mix should be durable and cost effective. The mechanical behavior of a designed asphalt mix is affected by the traffic loading and climatic variations. To improve the mechanical properties of asphalt mixes, additives are added to the base asphalt binder. These binders are called modified asphalt binders. The objectives of the present study are to compare the performance of asphalt mixes with different binders by two different mix design methods and to optimize the asphalt binder type to achieve the desired performance. Two methods of mix design namely, Marshall and Superpave mix design methods are considered. The performances of asphalt mixes viz., tensile strength, moisture damage, densification and rutting resistance were compared. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in the optimum asphalt binder content from the two mix design methods. The Marshall method of asphalt mix design is found to yield lower optimal asphalt binder content when compared to the Superpave method of mix design. The moisture susceptibility and construction densification index of asphalt mixes designed using Superpave method were found to be significantly lower than that of the mixes designed by Marshall method. Optimization using a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) indicated that the polymer modified asphalt binder outperforms the requirements of engineering properties when compared to other commercial binders used in the study.     

Study on properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process

To minimize waste tires pollution and improve properties of asphalt mixtures, properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process are studied in laboratory. Tests of three types asphalt mixtures containing different rubber content (1%, 2% and 3% by weight of total mix) and a control mixture without rubber were conducted. Based on results of rutting tests (60 °C), indirect tensile tests (−10 °C) and variance analysis, the addition of recycled tire rubber in asphalt mixtures using dry process could improve engineering properties of asphalt mixtures, and the rubber content has a significant effect on the performance of resistance to permanent deformation at high temperature and cracking at low temperature.     

基于灰色关联度法的SBS改性沥青车辙因子影响因素分析

为了分析原材料对SBS改性沥青车辙因子的影响,课题采用五种基质沥青、五种SBS改性剂和五个不同的SBS改性剂掺量,设计了3因素5水平的正交试验,研究各因素对车辙因子的影响规律及程度,并使用灰色关联度法分析了基质沥青四组分比例、改性剂性能参数与70℃车辙因子的相关性。正交试验结果表明:改性沥青车辙因子受改性剂掺量的影响最大,其次是基质沥青,改性剂类型对车辙因子影响最小;灰色关联度分析结果显示:改性剂的伸长率、拉伸应力以及硬度与改性沥青的车辙因子有较好的相关性;基质沥青中芳香分和饱和分的含量与改性沥青车辙因子关联性较好。     

废玻璃沥青混合料性能的试验研究

将废玻璃用于沥青混合料来铺筑沥青路面,有助于废物利用和环境保护,并对沥青层的表面特征产生一定影响.废玻璃在沥青路面中应用的关键是改善玻璃与沥青的粘附性,试验结果表明,采用高粘度的改性沥青或以水泥作为抗剥落剂可以有效地提高玻璃与沥青的粘附性.掺加一定比例的废玻璃对沥青混合料的设计沥青用量影响不大,但会降低沥青混合料的密度,并使沥青混合料试件的马歇尔稳定度、抗车辙能力和抗滑性略有降低;随着废玻璃用量的增加,沥青层表面的反光性增加.     

浅谈纤维在桥面铺装中的应用

桥面铺装沥青混凝土层直接承受行车荷载、梁体变形和环境因素的作用,受力情况复杂,因此对桥面铺装沥青混凝土的性能提出更高的要求。该文通过水稳定性、高温车辙、低温弯曲和单轴静态蠕变试验系统研究了纤维改性沥青混凝土的性能。研究结果表明,掺加纤维后能够有效提高沥青混合料的残留稳定度和冻融劈裂强度比,同时能够改善低温抗拉性能和抗高温变形能力,纤维增强沥青混合料适宜用作桥面铺装层。     

纤维和车辙剂对沥青混合料路用性能的影响研究

为了探究纤维和车辙剂共同作用对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,将聚酯纤维和抗车辙剂掺入沥青混合料中,通过宏观性能试验对沥青混合料的高低温和水稳性能进行研究。结果表明,聚酯纤维单掺、抗车辙剂单掺、两种材料复掺均可改善沥青混合料的高温和水稳性能,聚酯纤维可有效改善沥青混合料的抗弯拉性能,但抗车辙剂对沥青混合料的最大弯拉应变不利。车辙剂和聚酯纤维复掺对沥青混合料的改善效果更佳。     

Development and road performance of clear asphalt with high transparency and adhesion

Clear asphalt (CA) currently used in light-colored asphalt mixtures (LCAM) exhibits poor transparency and adhesion. Therefore, a highly transparent CA (HCA) modified using a silane coupling agent (KH550) was prepared. Furthermore, LCAM was prepared by mixing CA and limestone aggregates. The properties of the HCA and ordinary CA (OCA) were characterized using conventional asphalt tests, optical tests, pull-off tests, ultraviolet aging tests, dynamic shear rheometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas Marshall, moisture resistance, wheel tracking, trabecular bending, and British pendulum tests were employed for the LCAM. The transmittance and spectral reflectance of the HCA were 123.30 and 3.74 times greater than those of the OCA, respectively. The complex modulus and viscosity-aging index of the HCA were 48% and 53% less than those of the OCA, respectively. After modification with KH550, the Marshall stability ratio, tensile strength ratio, and flexural strain of the HCA-prepared LCAM increased by 12.92%, 25.06%, and 23.90%, respectively. However, the rutting resistance of the HCA-prepared LCAM was 14.3% less than that of the OCA-prepared LCAM. The comprehensive performances of the HCA and HCA-prepared LCAM were 49.2% and 10.3% greater than those of the OCA and OCA-prepared LCAM, respectively, indicating a high application value in the future.     

双层连续和间断摊铺的沥青混合料路用性能

为了对采用双层连续摊铺和间断摊铺2种方式的沥青混合料路用性能进行对比,通过模拟现场施工方式,同时制作2种级配组合的双层马歇尔试件和双层车辙试件.在常温、低温及冻融3种试验条件下进行不同摊铺方式的沥青混合料劈裂、剪切、弯曲等性能测试.结果表明:双层连续摊铺的沥青混合料所有路用性能均好于间断摊铺的沥青混合料.     

High temperature properties of wax modified binders and asphalt mixtures

The influence of adding two commercial waxes (FT-paraffin and polyethylene wax) to binders of penetration grades 50/70 and 160/220 were investigated for high temperature performance of binders and asphalt concrete mixtures. Binder properties were determined by conventional test methods, dynamic mechanical analysis and bending beam rheometer testing. The high temperature properties of asphalt concrete were investigated using the French rutting tester.The addition of FT-paraffin and polyethylene wax increased the rutting resistance of mixtures for both types of binder. The FT-paraffin modified asphalt mixtures showed the best rutting resistance.Adding polyethylene wax showed the highest stiffening effect in terms of rutting factor by DMA for the binders. However, this could not be verified in asphalt mixture testing. Adding FT-paraffin improved the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures containing low or high penetration binder, but for the mixture containing high penetration binder the specification limit was exceeded.     

复合式SMA桥面铺装混合料配比设计及高温抗车辙性能研究

为了提升桥面铺装的高温抗车辙性能,采用马歇尔配合比设计方法对3种SMA沥青混合料分别进行级配设计及体积指标验证,选用轮辙试验和车辙试验对所设计的5种复合式SMA桥面铺装结构组合的高温性能评价指标进行测试.结果表明,SMA混合料沥青析漏损失及飞散损失均满足技术要求,SMA具有合理的最大沥青用量,且粘附性良好;提出的5种复...     

Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration ash in stone mastic asphalt mixture: Pavement performance and environmental impact

The objective of this study is to the use of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate or mineral filler in stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture. For saving natural rock and reusing solid waste, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) was used as part of coarse aggregate. And this makes SMA mixtures contain more than 90% solid waste materials by mass. A comparative study of the performance of two mixes designed using superior performance asphalt pavements (SUPERPAVE) and Marshall mix design procedures was carried out in this research. Samples from both mixes were prepared at the design asphalt contents and aggregate gradations and were subjected to a comprehensive mechanical evaluation testing. These tests included Marshall stability, water sensibility, resilient modulus, fatigue life and rutting. In all the performed tests SUPERPAVE mixtures proved their superiority over Marshall mixtures. TCLP test for environmental impact indicated that asphalt is an effective stabilization and solidification agent for heavy metal in MSWI ash. The heavy metal leachates in TCLP tests have great positive correlation with their initial concentration in waste. But Ni is an exception that lower initial concentration leaded to higher cumulative leaching rate.