连续碳化硅纤维增强Ti—15—3合金基复合材料界面的初步研究

本文对连续ＳｉＣ纤维增强Ｔｉ－１５－３合金基复合材料的界面进行了初步的研究，试验结果表明，真空热压或热等静压复合固结ＳｉＣ／Ｔｉ－１５－３试样中界面反应区尺寸约为４μｍ左右，界面部位含有较多的Ｔｉ，Ｓｉ和较少的Ｖ，Ｃｒ，Ｓｎ，Ａｌ．     

连续碳化硅纤维增强Ti－15－3合金基复合材料界面的初步研究

本文对连续ＳｉＣ纤维增强Ｔｉ－１５－３合金基复合材料的界面进行了初步的研究。试验结果表明，真空热压或热等静压复合固结ＳｉＣ／Ｔｉ－１５－３试样中界面反应区尺寸约为４μｍ左右，界面部位含有较多的Ｔｉ、Ｓｉ和较少的Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｎ、Ａｌ。     

Co—Ti,Ti—Zr—Cu高温钎料在Si3N4陶瓷上润湿性与界面连接

设计了Ｃｏ－Ｔｉ，Ｔｉ－Ｚｒ－Ｃｕ两种高温钎料，进行了它们与Ｓｉ３Ｎ４表面的润湿性实验，利用ＸＲＤ分析钎焊合金与陶瓷界面，结果表明Ｃｏ－Ｔｉ合金中Ｔｉ以化合形态形式存在时，钎料不润湿Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷，钎焊合金与陶瓷间的办面连接强度与基体材料及界面反应产物密切相关。     

Ti3SiC2材料中Ti3SiC与TiC的界面关系

用透射电子显微镜研究了Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２材料中Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２与ＴｉＣ的界面关系。结果表明ＴｉＣ和Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２颗粒都可能生长在另一相中,Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２中的ＴｉＣ颗粒与Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２没有明显的晶体学关系,而ＴｉＣ中的Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２与ＴｉＣ之间有下列晶体学关系,（１１１）ＴｉＣ／／（０００１）Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２,（００２）ＴｉＣ／／（１ １＾－０４）Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２,（１ １＾－０）ＴｉＣ／／「１１０」Ｔｉ２ＳｉＣ２。     

Si3N4／SiC纳米复合陶瓷的微观结构

利用ＪＥＭ２０００ＥＸⅡ高分辨电镜和ＨＦ２０００冷场发射枪透射电镜对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４ＳｉＣ纳米笔合陶瓷材料的微观组织，结构和成分进行了研究。结果表明，ＳｉＣ颗粒弥散分布基体相β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４晶内和晶界，晶内ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体相的界面结构有三种类型；１）直接结合的的界面；２）完全非晶态的界面；３）混合型的界面，晶间ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体相的界面大部分是直接结合的。     

不同压条件下热压浸渍裂解法制备Cr／SiC复合材料的性能

通过先热压后先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备３Ｄ－Ｂ Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料,以期达到缩短材料制备周期的目的,着重研究了不同压力和加絷时机对３Ｄ－Ｂ Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ复合材料性能的影响。     

短纤维定向增强金属基复合材料的制备及性能研究

研究了短纤维定向增强金属基复合材料（ＳＦＭＭＣ） 的制备工艺，获得了硅酸铝短纤维定向增强的Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＳｉＯ２（ｓｆ）／ＺＬ１０９ 复合材料。力学性能测试结果表明，短纤维在金属基体中呈平行状态分布，能够有效地发挥对基体的增强作用，从而使该类复合材料的力学性能得到显著提高。另外，利用ＳＥＭ 对Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＳｉＯ２（ｓｆ）／ＺＬ１０９ 复合材料的拉伸断口以及纤维的损伤机理进行了分析。     

SiC_w／Al_2O_3－（Ti，W）C复相陶瓷的微观结构及其力学性能

本文对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ和ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ的力学性能进行了分析对比，研究了热压工艺、ＳｉＣ晶须含量、晶须分散效果和晶须／基体的复合情况等对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ复相陶瓷力学性能的影响。从热膨胀系数失配角度分析和微观结构的观察证实，ＳｉＣ晶须及（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ固溶体对改善Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷力学性能的效果是显著的，ＳｉＣ_ｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３．（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ陶瓷材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。     

TiCx在Ti3SiC2母相上的析出

从ＴｉＣ和Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２的晶体结构出发,分析了析出的ＴｉＣｘ晶粒与Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２晶粒的位相匹配关系和析出行为,研究了ＴｉＣｘ晶粒的析出对Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２材料力学性能的影响。研究发现,ＴｉＣｘ在Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２的基面上析出,二者之间的界面分别为ＴｉＣｘ和Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２中Ｔｉ原子的密排面,而且错配度较低。从ＴｉＣｘ与Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２晶粒的位相匹配关系,推断出ＴｉＣｘ｛１１１｝∥Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２｛０００１｝、ＴｉＣｘ｛１１１｝∥Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２｛２０２＾－５｝、ＴｉＣｘ｛００１｝∥Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣｚ｛１０１＾－５｝。ＴｉＣｘ相的析出会降低Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２材料硬度和韧性。     

SiC_w／Al_2O_3－（Ti，W）C复相陶瓷的微观结构及其力学性能EI

本文对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ和ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ的力学性能进行了分析对比，研究了热压工艺、ＳｉＣ晶须含量、晶须分散效果和晶须／基体的复合情况等对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ复相陶瓷力学性能的影响。从热膨胀系数失配角度分析和微观结构的观察证实，ＳｉＣ晶须及（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ固溶体对改善Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷力学性能的效果是显著的，ＳｉＣ_ｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３．（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ陶瓷材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。     

Fatigue behaviour of duplex metal coated SiC fibre reinforced Ti-15-3 matrix composites

Abstract

Duplex metal (Cu/Mo and Cu/W) coated SiC(SCS–6) fibre reinforced Ti-15-3 matrix composites have been prepared using a hot isostatic pressing process. The effect of the duplex metal coatings on the fatigue behaviour of unnotched SiC(SCS–6) fibre reinforced Ti-15-3 matrix composite has been studied. The fatigue resistance of this fibre reinforced composite is improved by use of the duplex metal coatings. The Cu/Mo and Cu/W duplex metal coating layers prevent debonding of the SCS coating layer from the SiC fibre surface, thus also effectively preventing a reduction in strength of the fibre. During the fatigue test, fibre bridging behind the matrix crack tip reduces the crack growth rate of the matrix; this mechanism is difficult to achieve with the pristine fibre composite. Evolution of the fatigue damage can be quantitatively evaluated by means of a fatigue damage parameter. Matrix crack propagation is the dominant factor responsible for the increase in damage parameter of the composites.     

SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料界面研究及构件研制

首先介绍了作者近年来在SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料界面反应机理、应力分布和界面调控方面的工作进展,然后介绍了作者在磁控溅射法和箔-纤维-箔法复合材料工艺及构件研制方面的研究工作。     

Interfacial reactions in a Ti-6Al-4V based composite: role of the TiB2 coating

The characterization of TiB₂/C-coated SiC fibres and their interface region in a Ti-6Al-4V based composite has been performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersion X-rays (EDX) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The features of the as-received fibre and the reactivity between fibre and matrix occurring during preparation of the composite have been studied in this paper. The interaction of the TiB₂ external coating of the fibre with both the adjacent carbon layer and the titanium-based matrix is already appreciable in the as-received composite: TiB needles grow from TiB₂ towards the matrix and a new layer containing C, Ti and B appears between TiB₂ and C. The thicknesses of the original carbon and TiB₂ fibre coatings decrease in the composite from 1000 nm to 400 and 800 nm, respectively. The TiB₂ inhibits the reaction between SiC and Ti: there is no evidence of Si _x Ti _y brittle phases.     

Evaluation of the efficiency of TiB2 and TiC as protective coatings for SiC monofilament in titanium-based composites

The vigorous interfacial reactions in SiC/Ti-6Al-4V composites at elevated temperatures lead to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composites. TiB₂ and TiC were selected as potential protective coatings for SiC fibres in titanium-based composites. These coatings were deposited on to fibres by the chemical vapour deposition technique. Comparisons and evaluations have been made of the effectiveness of these ceramics as protective coatings for SiC fibres by incorporating the coated fibres into a Ti-6Al-4V matrix using the diffusion bonding method. Emphasis has been placed on the chemical compatibility of the candidate coating with SiC and Ti-6Al-4V by examining the interfaces of the fibre/coating/matrix using microscopic methods and chemical analysis. A stoichiometric TiB₂ coating was found to be stable with SiC and has proved an effective barrier to prevent the SiC fibre from reacting with the Ti-6Al-4V. The TiC coating showed no apparent reaction with a titanium-alloy matrix under the conditions studied, but was found to react with the SiC fibre substrate.     

Interfacial reaction kinetics of SiC fiber-reinforced Ti3Al matrix composites

• 1.(1) SiC fibers reacted with Ti₃Al + Nb to form multilayer reaction products during consolidation and extended isothermal exposure. Complex carbides and silicides genertated from the reactions between Ti, Nb, Al and SiC appears to be the major components in the reaction zone. The C-rich layer on the surface of a SiC fiber affects the development of the reaction zone and the distribution of the reaction products.
• 2.(2) The fiber/matrix interfacial reaction is diffusion-controlled with an activation energy of 271.49 KJ/mole and 218.11 KJ/mole for the SCS-6/Ti-24A1-11Nb and Sigma/Ti-24Al-11Nb composites, respectively, at the early stage of reaction.
• 3.(3) The results of this study indicate that in the SCS-6/Ti-24Al-11Nb composite, the activation energy is higher, the growth rate of reaction zone is slower, and the consumption of C-rich layer is much slower than that in the SCS-6/Ti-6Al-4V composite.

     

Estimation of residual stresses in SiC/Ti-15-3 composites and their relaxation during a fatigue test

Residual stresses induced by cooling down from the elaboration process in SiC/Ti-15-3 composite were calculated by the finite element model using MARC and MENTAT software. An analytical model (derived from those of Eshelby and of Mikata and Taya) already used for ceramic matrix composites has also been used in this study for elementary composites. The influence of uncertainty on thermomechanical properties and also the influence of fibre packing and spacing were also studied. Then, evolution (relaxation) of the thermal residual stresses (TRS) during a fatigue test were investigated. Results show that the TRS decreased rapidly during the first cycles and then became almost constant at about one-third of their initial values. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of thermal cycling on thermal expansionand mechanical properties of SiC fibre-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4 composites

Thermal expansion curves for SiC fibre-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4 matrix composites (SiC/RBSN) and unreinforced RBSN were measured from 25 to 1400 °C in nitrogen and in oxygen. The effects of fibre/matrix bonding and cycling on the thermal expansion curves and room-temperature tensile properties of unidirectional composites were determined. The measured thermal expansion curves were compared with those predicted from composite theory. Predicted thermal expansion curves parallel to the fibre direction were between the measured curves for the strongly- and weakly-bonded composites, but those normal to the fibre direction for both bonding cases were similar to that of the unreinforced RBSN. Thermal cycling in nitrogen for both bonding cases resulted in no net dimensional changes at room temperature and no loss in tensile properties from the as-fabricated condition. In contrast, thermal cycling in oxygen for both composites caused volume expansion primarily due to internal oxidation of RBSN. Cyclic oxidation affected the mechanical properties of the weakly-bonded SiC/RBSN composites the most, resulting in loss of strain capability beyond matrix fracture and catastrophic, brittle fracture. Increased bonding between the SiC fibre and RBSN matrix due to oxidation of the carbon-rich fibre surface coating and an altered residual stress pattern in the composite due to internal oxidation of the matrix are the main reasons for the poor mechanical performance of these composites. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of the interface on the thermal conductivity of titanium-based composites

Thermal conductivity measurements have been made on composites of unalloyed Ti reinforced with short fibre SiC, particulate SiC and particulate TiB₂, and Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with long fibre SiC. Measurements were also made on the unreinforced matrices and on the reinforcements themselves. The results have been compared with predictions from the Hasselman and Johnson model for spherical and long fibre composites and from the Eshelby model for ellipsoids of any aspect ratio. It is shown that, while an enhancement of the thermal conductivity is expected to arise from the presence of both types of particulate, this effect is in fact produced only with the TiB₂ reinforcement. This is explained in terms of the large thermal resistance of the SiC/Ti interface, which is in turn related to the nature of the reaction layer formed there during processing. The transverse conductivity of the Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with long SiC fibres was also impaired by the high thermal resistance of the interface, but in this case the effect was less significant because of the larger diameter of the reinforcement, which reduces the frequency with which transport of heat across an interface must occur. Finally, similar characteristics were exhibited by the short SiC fibre/Ti composite, except that the axial conductivity was rather lower than expected. This effect is attributed to matrix porosity localized at the fibre ends.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon carbide fibre-reinforced aluminium nitride composite

SiC continuous fibre (15 vol%)/AlN composite was fabricated using a sintering additive of 4Ca(OH)₂ · Al₂O₃ by hot-pressing at 1650 °C and 17.6 MPa in vacuum. Analytical transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure of as-fabricated and crept SiC fibre/AlN composites. The room-temperature mechanical and high-temperature creep properties of the composite were investigated by four-point bending. The incorporation of SiC fibre into AlN matrix improved significantly the room-temperature mechanical properties. This improvement could result from the crack deflections around the SiC fibres. However, the incorporation degraded severely the high-temperature creep properties under oxidizing atmosphere. This could be attributed to the development of the pores and various oxides at the matrix grain boundary and matrix/fibre interface during creep test.