对GB/T 40276《柔巾》新国标的解读

概述GB/T40276-2021《柔巾》新国标修订的目的和意义,总结归纳新标准中的各项指标要求及引用的测试方法,解释新标准中各项目的测试意义,以便于生产企业和消费者更了解柔巾产品的特点和要求。     

管理运营

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擦拭巾的用途、益处及其基材

工业化和城市化已使居民的住宅区密集于城市中心,也是商业活动的中心。工业化提高了人民的收入水平,使中产阶级人群扩大,这样就有更多的人可享用有附加值的一次性消费品,包括洁面用擦拭巾、湿擦拭巾和个人卫生用擦拭巾以及家庭清洁用擦拭巾等省时省力的产品。产业用和消费者用擦拭巾使用量的增加与现代化和较高的消费意识相结合,成就了擦拭巾需求的全球性增长。本篇评论文章介绍了擦拭巾的用途和优点,以及擦拭巾用非织造布的相关情况。     

寒冬时节围巾布俏销

朔风吹来，寒意袭人，而此时，色泽艳丽、千姿百态的围巾已跃上肩头，装扮着涌动的人流，点缀着寒冷的冬季，成为城乡一道悦人的风景线。正由于围巾具有保暖和装饰的双重功能，故今冬围巾面料市场需求也将持续看好。今冬中国轻纺城上市一批质优价廉、图案精美的围巾面料，既有方巾、条巾，又有头巾与三角巾，品种多达400余种。从质地看，有纱类、仿真丝类和绒类三种，其特点是防风防尘、舒适保暖、糯柔同逸、款式新颖，适应了年轻姑娘重装饰求时髦的需求，备受消费者的青睐。应市的围巾面料每米（块）的价格为6－10元。从目前围巾面料销售态…     

汉麻/棉混纺水刺非织造布的性能测试与分析研究

测试了4种汉麻/棉混纺水刺非织造布的性能,通过对比4种非织造布的测试结果,分析了不同试样的纤维形态结构、厚度、面密度、透气性、透湿性、力学性能、耐磨性、尺寸稳定性、透气性、透湿性等。研究结果表明：汉麻/棉混纺水刺非织造布材料的各项性能等均与面密度和厚度有一定的相关关系,汉麻/棉混纺水刺法非织造布材料具有独特的过滤性能,在过滤、湿巾、柔巾、面膜等领域方面有广泛的应用前景。     

Wicked Awesome擦拭巾投入市场

High—Tech Conversions公司推出了Wicked Awesome擦拭巾,这是一种全新的产业用擦拭巾。这种双面重复起皱纤维素擦拭巾具有较高的强度、耐用性和吸收能力。     

Sellars推出可冲散的干擦拭巾

SellarsNonwovens公司推出了完全可分散和可冲散的FIushabies干擦拭巾。它在招待客人用和医用擦拭巾领域有很大的发展潜力。Sellars公司的双面重复起皱技术（DRC）已在擦拭巾市场上使用几十年,FIushabies擦拭巾使用的技术是Sellars公司耗时5年．在DRC技术基础上改进而成的,正为此技术申请专利。这种可分散的擦拭巾最近通过了INDA／EDANA授权的机构检验。     

擦拭巾市场发展专题——擦拭巾在经济动荡保持增长

擦拭巾产品在近年来发展迅速,从婴儿护理擦拭巾为主导产品发展成为多种用途的擦拭巾共存的繁荣市场。擦拭巾产品因其使用的便利性受到消费者的青睐。而消费者对产品可持续性及功能性的要求不断提高,擦拭巾产品生产商、原料和设备供应商正在加快产品创新,以迎合消费者不断提高的需求。本刊选取的3篇文章分析了擦拭巾产品总体市场概况,细分市场发展情况以及介绍迎合消费者需求的创新产品。     

纬纱线密度和干湿形态对澡巾织物性能的影响

为了研究澡巾织物的纬纱线密度对澡巾织物表面形貌、厚度、硬挺度、拉伸性能、摩擦性能等性能的影响，探究干湿形态对澡巾织物硬挺度、拉伸性能的影响，对不同纬纱线密度和干湿形态下的澡巾织物进行了实验测试和表征。结果表明：澡巾织物表面绉形凹凸感与纬纱线密度呈正相关；随着纬纱线密度的增大，澡巾织物厚度、硬挺度、纬向拉伸性能、摩擦性能均呈递增趋势；湿态下澡巾织物硬挺度增大、断裂强力减小，纬向断裂伸长率增加显著；与普通粘胶织物相比，澡巾织物厚度、硬挺度较大，具有优良的弹性和较高的摩擦性能。对澡巾织物性能的研究，可以扩大其应用范围，为其在医学、产业用领域的应用提供参考。     

正在步入家庭的家用水刺擦拭巾

概述了应用于家庭中的水刺擦拭巾的种类、特性和技术进展 ,提出了推广家用水刺擦拭巾应用的思路     

织物在润湿状态下的热性能研究

织物热湿舒适性是表征织物舒适性的重要指标 ,良好的热湿性能是人们着装的客观要求 ,而织物材料本身的性能是织物热湿舒适性最大的影响因素。本文模拟人体出汗局部润湿的实际情况 ,选取了 7块具有代表性的棉机织物 ,作为对比的 1块麻机织物和 1块人造棉机织物 ,采用保鲜膜覆盖局部润湿织物的方法 ,测试织物在局部润湿状态下的热阻值 ,对实测数据进行了比较分析 ,并利用Origin 5 0进行绘图     

热湿舒适性智能织物的研究进展

针对当前空调制冷与供暖中造成的能源消耗激增与实现“双碳”的全球目标之间出现巨大矛盾,实现由智能织物对人体自身热湿舒适性调节从而降低能耗成为亟需解决的问题。根据当前热湿舒适性智能织物的研究,概述了人体热湿舒适性调节原理;介绍了由高性能材料(如高红外线反射、高导热、高红外线透过材料)制备的热湿舒适性智能织物以及通过纤维或织物结构控制实现的智能织物(如保暖、吸湿快干、智能热湿调节织物)。分析了不同调节方式的智能织物制备方法及现阶段面临的困难和挑战;提出可制备新型热湿刺激响应纤维,通过纤维的低成本、大规模生产达到智能热湿调节织物的生产及广泛应用;展望了热湿舒适性智能织物在“双碳”背景下,推动智能服装发展的应用前景。     

Dry and moist heating-induced changes in protein molecular structure, protein subfraction, and nutrient profiles in soybeans

Heat processing has been used to improve protein utilization and availability of animal nutrition. However, to date, few studies exist on heat-induced protein molecular structure changes on a molecular basis. The aims of this study were to use molecular spectroscopy as a novel approach to determine heat-induced protein molecular structure changes affected by moist and dry heating and quantify protein molecular structures and nutritive value in the rumen and intestine in dairy cattle. In this study, soybean was used as a model for feed protein and was autoclaved at 120°C for 1 h (moist heating) and dry heated at 120°C for 1 h. The parameters assessed in this study included protein structure α-helix and β-sheet and their ratio, protein subfractions associated with protein degradation behaviors, intestinal protein availability, and energy values. The results show that heat treatments changed the protein molecular structure. Both dry and moist heating increased the amide I-to-amide II ratio. However, for the protein α-helix-to-β-sheet ratio, moist heating decreased but dry heating increased the ratio. Compared with dry heating, moist heating dramatically changed the chemical and nutrient profiles of soybean seed. It greatly decreased soluble crude protein, nonprotein nitrogen, and increased neutral detergent insoluble protein. Both dry and moist heating treatments did not alter digestible nutrients and energy values. Heating tended to decrease the nonprotein nitrogen fraction (soluble and rapidly degradable protein fraction) and true protein 1 fraction (fast-degradable protein fraction). Conversely, the true protein 3 fraction (slowly degradable fraction) significantly increased. The in situ rumen study showed that moist heating decreased protein rumen degradability and increased intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegradable protein. Compared with the raw soybeans, dry heating did not affect rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility. In conclusion, compared with dry heating, moist heating dramatically affected the nutrient profile, protein subfractions, rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility, and protein molecular structure (amide I-to-II ratio; α-helix-to-β-sheet ratio). The sensitivity of soybean seed to moist heating was much higher than that to dry heating in terms of the structure and nutrient profile changes.     

烤烟育苗新方式的筛选与研究

为了进一步提高烟苗整体素质,培育强大的幼苗根系,克服"水生根"、"螺旋根"现象,引用了水床湿润育苗技术,并与漂浮育苗、托盘育苗两种育苗方式进行了比较试验。结果表明,水床湿润育苗技术能加快种子萌发和出苗,出苗期可提前一周,整个生育期缩短7～11 d;烟苗长势健壮,株高、茎围、叶片等性状良好,且抗逆性强;根系发达,单株侧根数较对照增加72.6条、根干重提高0.034 g,烟苗整体素质高,基本无水生根和螺旋根现象。因此,可作为烟区新的育苗方式推广应用。     

湿热处理对橡实淀粉特性影响的研究

本文对经湿热处理和原橡实淀粉的粘度、透光率、凝沉稳定性进行对比研究,研究表明:湿热处理的温度对淀粉粘度有极显著影响。不同的橡实淀粉粘度的影响差异明显;湿热处理会降低橡实淀粉的粘度,温度越高,粘度降低的幅度越大;湿热处理对淀粉的透光有一定的影响,在低温段的湿热处理对其透光率影响较少,在高温段影响较大,而且其透光率随处理的温度升高而迅速增加;湿热处理的温度对淀粉的凝沉稳定性有极显著影响,湿热处理的温度越高,淀粉的凝沉稳定性就越差。     

液氨丝光和潮交联处理对纯棉色织物物理性能的影响

研究了液氨丝光和潮交联树脂定型后整理对纯棉色织物外观效果和缩水等物理性能的影响。试样经过整理后,用AATCC和ASTM标准对其相关物理性能进行检测。结果表明:利用液氨丝光和潮交联树脂定型后整理能使织物外观和平整度更加良好,缩水性能更加稳定和强力提高。     

ENTEROTOXIN FORMATION IN FOODS BY CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE A

Growth, sporulation and enterotoxin formation in various foods inoculated with a Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin-producing strain were studied. Good vegetative growth, 10⁷–10⁸ cells/g, was obtained after 4 hr of anaerobic growth and remained almost the same throughout the 20–24 hr observation in most of the foods. A gradual increase in spore count to the level of 10⁴–10⁵/g was observed with an increase in the incubation time. Enterotoxin was detected in moist cooked chuck roast, ground beef and turkey as well as in moist cooked and dry roasted chicken at levels up to 0.125μg/g. The earliest time at which enterotoxin was detected was after 10 hr of anaerobic growth in moist cooked turkey at 37°C. Although growth and some sporulation occurred, enterotoxin was not detected in dry roasted beef or turkey with or without gravy, or in moist cooked pork or lamb. Poor growth and sporulation also were obtained with chicken broth, chicken gravy and beef gravy. In moist cooked turkey that had been temperature abused for 6 hr at 37°C, held cold for 15 hr and reheated to 37°C, toxin could be detected after only 5 hr of holding at 37°C. The ability of certain foods to support sporulation and enterotoxin formation indicates that such preformed enterotoxin may contribute to early onset of symptoms in some cases of C. perfringens food poisoning.     

蛋白质糖基化改性方法和产物验证方法研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外蛋白质糖基化改性方法和产物鉴定方法的研究现状,系统综述了蛋白质糖基化的影响因素,对干热法、湿热法和基于湿热法衍生出的辅助方法在内的蛋白质糖基化方法进行比较分析,总结归纳了产物鉴定方法的原理和使用情况,并展望通过非热加工较为精准的控制糖基化程度,同时保证产物的安全性与营养性。     

微波加热干燥测定成品糖水分

微波加热干燥具有突出的优点和特点，本文提出了把微波加热干燥技术应用于测定成品糖水分的分析方法。经过对白砂糖、绵白糖两种成品糖的实验研究，结果表明微波加热干燥的分析方法不仅可以缩短分析时间，提高分析效率，而且测定结果准确，重现性好。     

Load carrying capacity of curved glulam beams reinforced with self-tapping screws

The aim of this research was to determine the load carrying capacity of curved glulam beams reinforced perpendicular to grain and subjected to climate induced internal stresses. The self-tapping screws used as reinforcement prevent the glulam to split along the grain causing failure perpendicular to grain. Different tests were performed; specimens seasoned in dry and moist climate, specimens exposed to single climate change and reinforced specimens seasoned in a dry and moist climate. Specimens without reinforcement where tested to failure and then reinforced and tested again. From the tests it can be concluded that reinforcement improves the capacity of the beam in some cases up to 50% compared to unreinforced beams. The effect of moisture gradients on the capacity is significant and the worst case is when the beams are in a moistening phase.