几种大型风力发电叶片用环氧树脂复合材料的对比分析

将风电叶片用真空灌注型环氧树脂体系MERICAN 3311A/B与同类两款产品进行了对比分析,研究了三种树脂体系对玻纤的浸润性;采用真空导入成型技术制备了复合材料板,并对复合材料的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,MERICAN3311A/B粘度低、浸润性良好、FRP力学性能高,与纤维的匹配性良好,达到甚至某些方面已超越国内外同类进口产品的水平,能够满足风电叶片对树脂的性能要求。     

风电叶片用真空导入型聚氨酯的性能分析

系统分析了以降低风电叶片成本为目标开发的真空导入型聚氨酯树脂,分别进行了粘度特性、工艺窗口、固化特性和力学性能的分析。分析表明该树脂体系与常用环氧树脂体系相比具有初始粘度低、进胶速率大、韧性高和粘接性能好等优点,表现为灌注时间的缩短、层合板抗压缩性能和横向性能的提高。将这一树脂体系应用于风电叶片主承力结构的制造,通过提高纤维体积含量,可进一步降低叶片的生产成本。     

全球首支聚氨酯叶片在上玻院试制成功

正近日,科思创在上海玻璃钢研究院试制成功全球首支1.5MW新型高性能聚氨酯树脂体系风机叶片。该叶片长37.5米,质量达6吨,采用重庆国际复合材料公司玻纤布及德国旭百世聚氨酯在线浇注设备真空灌注,首创的聚氨酯大型叶片灌注工艺受到业界广泛关注。新型聚氨酯树脂叶片与传统环氧树脂叶片相比,具有固化速度快、有机挥发物低、机械性能优、加工性能好等特点,能显著提高生产效率。     

风电叶片用真空灌注树脂体系的研究

本文研制了一种风电叶片用真空灌注环氧树脂体系。分别使用旋转粘度计、万能材料力学试验机、差示扫描量热仪对环氧树脂体系及其固化物的工艺性能、力学性能、热性能等进行了表征。通过叶片灌注模拟及层合板性能检测对该环氧树脂体系与玻璃纤维的匹配性进行了表征。结果表明,该环氧树脂体系具有粘度低、工艺操作性好、力学性能及热性能优异、纤维匹配性好等优点,可用于风力发电叶片的制备。     

风力发电机叶片用环氧树脂复配体系的研究

采用CYD-128(E1)、双酚F环氧树脂(E2)、己二醇二缩水甘油醚(E3)为主要原材料配制可用于真空灌注的环氧树脂体系,通过粘度和拉伸、弯曲性能测试及示差扫描量热分析研究了树脂体系的流变特性,固化物力学性能和耐热性。结果表明,E1,E2,E3的质量比为65∶15∶20,固化剂为CYDHD-501,固化条件为70℃/6 h时,体系初始粘度较低,工艺性好,固化后力学性能、热性能优异,能够满足1.5 MW风电叶片用环氧树脂指标要求。     

大型风电叶片灌注银纹问题研究与解决

海上及陆上低风速风电的发展促使风电叶片的长度和根部直径急速增大,随之而来的是超大型叶片根部灌注银纹问题的产生。研究表明叶片根部灌注的银纹问题主要发生在树脂灌注固化过程。本文通过研究调整叶片根部树脂灌注固化产生的内应力,减缓叶片后固化过程的内应力释放,有效地解决了大型风电叶片根部的灌注银纹问题。     

风电叶片用真空灌注型环氧树脂及其复合材料性能研究

本文针对两种自制的风电叶片用真空灌注型环氧树脂体系EP-1和EP-2,研究了树脂的工艺性和力学性能,并选取单轴向和三轴向玻璃纤维织物,采用真空灌注工艺制备了复合材料层板,考察了复合材料在室温和高低温下的力学性能。结果表明,EP-2体系浸润性、流动性和韧性更好,但强度、模量和耐热温度略低;常温及-45℃下两种树脂基复合材料的力学性能相近,纤维/树脂界面粘结较强;50℃环境下,复合材料的压缩强度降低,受玻璃化转变温度偏低的影响,EP-2复合材料压缩性能降低更为明显;两种环氧树脂的工艺性和力学性能优异,与纤维匹配性好,满足风电叶片对树脂的性能要求。     

风电叶片用环氧树脂力学行为研究

本文通过固化物的力学性能优选树脂、稀释剂种类,优化配比,确定配方,与玻璃纤维结合进行层合板性能测试。该体系各项性能指标优良,达到风电叶片真空灌注树脂要求。     

兆瓦级风力发电机叶片用环氧树脂

针对兆瓦级风机叶片用纤维/环氧复合材料的特殊要求,开展了适用于真空辅助灌注(VARTM)工艺的环氧基体树脂的国产化研究。采用国产环氧树脂与实验室自制的稀释剂制备环氧树脂与胺类固化剂配合使用,通过示差扫描量热分析,IR光谱,力学性能,耐热性、粘度及吸水性测试等研究了环氧树脂与固化剂配比对其工艺和固化物性能的影响,获得了初始粘度低、粘度对温度不敏感、操作时间长的环氧基体树脂,其树脂浇注体的拉伸性能、弯曲性能均优于国外环氧树脂固化体系,可满足兆瓦级风机叶片用高性能复合材料的使用需求。     

大型碳纤维结构件用真空导入环氧树脂的对比分析

应用真空导入成型技术制作大型碳纤维复合材料结构件是大型化风电叶片制造技术的一个重要发展方向。由于碳纤维预成型体的可渗透性远远低于玻纤预成型体,因此具有特殊性能的环氧树脂是这一技术成功的关键。本文系统分析了三种专用环氧树脂体系的适用期、固化行为和力学性能,并与普通玻纤用环氧树脂进行了对比。分析结果表明,三种专用树脂的适用期长短不一,但都大于普通树脂;环氧酸酐体系固化过程中性能建立慢的特点,使其在大型结构件的应用中存在风险;预成型体预热有助于获得高纤维体积含量和力学性能更佳的碳纤维复合材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。