复合材料层合板贴补修理失效模式分析与修理参数选择

在对复合材料层合板进行渐进失效分析时,Zinoviev刚度退化模型是最常用的刚度退化模型之一,但是该模型涉及的参数较多并且只能用于二维问题,对其进行简化和改进后,不仅参数减少而且可以扩展至三维,基于此改进的Zinoviev刚度退化模型,结合Shokrieh改进的三维Hashin准则,采用INTER205单元对胶层进行模拟,利用ANSYS软件建立了承受面内拉伸荷载的含圆孔缺陷的复合材料层合板双边贴补修理渐进失效三维有限元模型。此有限元模型的结果和试验结果拟合得比较好,验证了改进的Zinoviev退化模型和有限元模型的有效性。利用此有限元模型分析了承受面内拉伸荷载的双边贴补修理复合材料层合板的失效模式,发现主要破坏模式为胶层的脱胶加速了母板中的纤维失效,导致结构最终失效。最后分析了主要修理参数对修理效果的影响,结果表明:增大补片尺寸可以明显提高修补结构的强度;当补片刚度与母板刚度相同时,修补效果较好;当补片厚度为母板厚度一半时,修补效果最好。     

基于ANSYS的复合材料层合板的拉伸失效模拟

基于ANSYS的APDL语言开发复合材料层合板的拉伸失效模块,实现有限元分析的参数化建模和累积失效分析.采用Solid64宴体单元建立复合材料层合板的三维模型,依据改进的三维Haisin失效准则对结构单元进行失效判断,并对失效单元进行刚度退化.当失效单元贯穿所有单层时,复合材料层合板结构彻底失效.通过对铺层方式为[0/45/-45/90]s复合材料层合板结构拉伸模拟,探讨其拉伸破坏形式,得到层合结构的最终拉伸强度,并把其拉伸强度与文献实验结果进行对比,得到的结果与实验一致.该方法简便直观,便于工程运用.     

二维与三维机织复合材料的力学性能实验研究

通过对超厚三维正交机织复合材料及二维机织层合板分别进行拉伸和压缩实验，研究比较两复合材料刚度和强度特性的差异；研究发现无论是三维机织材料的拉、压，还是二维层合板的拉、压的应力一应变曲线都可近似为直线关系，而且具有脆性破坏的特点；三维复合材料的拉、压强度要高于二维层合板，是由于不同的增强相结构及纤维含量造成；不同的破坏模式对材料强度影响很大。     

CFRP与铝板胶螺混合连接结构拉伸性能研究

基于三维渐进损伤理论,建立了复合材料层合板-铝板双搭接胶接连接、螺栓连接、胶螺混合连接结构拉伸强度预测模型,数值仿真结果与试验高度吻合,验证了所建模型的可行性。在此基础上,探究了搭接宽度、搭接长度、胶层厚度、接触面摩擦系数和螺栓个数等参数对胶螺混合连接结构拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着搭接宽度和搭接长度的增加,接头失效载荷先逐渐增加后趋于稳定,最优搭接宽度和搭接长度为30 mm和35 mm;胶层厚度对混合连接结构的拉伸失效载荷基本没有影响;胶螺混合连接结构中螺栓接头和层合板之间、螺栓与孔之间的摩擦系数越大,连接结构的拉伸失效载荷越大;在搭接区域相同的情况下,双钉混合连接结构的拉伸失效载荷比单钉的拉伸失效载荷提高了69%。     

含褶皱缺陷玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板拉伸渐进失效分析

为研究褶皱缺陷对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板拉伸性能的影响,采用Abaqus有限元软件,结合USDFLD子程序,建立含褶皱缺陷的玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板渐进失效分析模型。通过数值仿真分析方法对含褶皱缺陷层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的强度退化和渐进失效过程进行研究,分析褶皱高宽比对层合板拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:拉伸强度预测值以及损伤初始位置与文献中实验结果吻合较好,验证了建立的仿真分析模型;随着褶皱高宽比的增加,拉伸失效载荷和强度显著降低;在拉伸载荷作用下,在褶皱变形区域与富树脂区域相接的铺层位置存在应力集中;层合板损伤由富树脂区域逐渐向褶皱变形区域扩展,最终在褶皱变形区域完全失效;受褶皱影响,层合板在拉伸过程中发生弯曲变形,在线弹性阶段,相同载荷条件下变形随着褶皱高宽比的增加而增加。     

基于响应面法的CFRP层合板挖补修理结构的单目标优化

对于CFRP层合板挖补修理结构的优化问题,首先通过三维实体单元建立三维损伤累积模型并通过试验验证所建立的仿真模型的有效性,然后采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法和响应面法构建了拉伸强度代理模型,最后基于遗传算法和代理模型进行联合优化。研究结果表明:数值模型与仿真模型吻合度较好,误差在10%以内,表明所建立的有限元模型具有有效性。拉伸载荷下挖补结构的失效模式以胶层的剪切失效为主,胶层损伤起始于层合板和补片0°层对应的位置,然后向四周扩展,胶层失效后补片失去承载能力,母板继续承载并在最窄处断裂。最佳胶层厚度、挖补角度和旋转角度分别为0.1035 mm、2.5°和0°。与常规挖补结构相比,拉伸强度提高了12.57%。采用遗传算法对CFRP层合板挖补结构进行优化,对提高挖补结构的力学性能具有重要意义。     

有拧紧力矩复合材料单钉接头疲劳寿命预测

通过对有拧紧力矩复合材料单钉接头疲劳加载过程应力分析及材料三维疲劳失效准则损伤判定,并结合建立的疲劳加载材料退化模型、材料性能退化方法及复合材料接头最终失效判据,建立了基于三维累积损伤分析的层合板接头疲劳载荷作用下寿命预测方法。最后,对拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下有拧紧力矩层合板接头的疲劳寿命及破坏模式进行了模拟分析,并与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明,建立的寿命预测方法能够很好地预测有拧紧力矩复合材料单钉接头的寿命以及破坏模式。     

正交层合板刚度退化模型的探讨

本文认为复合材料层合板的刚度退化过程可分两个阶段来考虑:在出现失效层之前,层合板采用正交各向异性损伤模型来处理,在出现失效层之后,失效层的刚度退化按照“逐渐降级”模型来处理。通过计算结果同实验的比较,发现这种模型较蔡-希尔准则和罗森准则更为合理。     

2.5维机织复合材料疲劳寿命预测

对2.5维机织复合材料进行了静力分析,在受拉伸载荷的情况下将其视为经纱层和纬纱层组合而成的层合板。以单向板疲劳寿命预测为基础,考虑到疲劳加载过程中刚度退化导致的应力重新分配,采用Miner理论对其拉-拉疲劳寿命进行预测,且对该方法进行了试验验证,为预测2.5维机织复合材料的疲劳寿命提供了一种途径。     

对在层合板最大强度计算中刚度退化的探讨

本文讨论了纤维增强复合材料层合板在发生有铺层失效后的刚度变化情况,引入了刚度退化系数的概念,并将由此计算得到的层合板在发生有铺层失效后的刚度和强度与实验值作了比较。实验发现,用刚度退化系数来研究复合材料层合板在有铺层失效后的刚度变化情况是可行的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.