多环混合复合材料飞轮应力分析与结构设计

基于线弹性理论,考虑纤维缠绕复合材料各向异性,建立了多环混合复合材料飞轮过盈配合的平面应力分析理论模型,并通过有限元验证了模型的正确性。利用建立的复合材料飞轮转子力学分析模型,研究了各复合材料环模量比值、环数、环厚度以及环间过盈量分布对静止和高速旋转飞轮转子应力分布的影响。结果表明,多环混合复合材料转子中,各因素相互影响,共同作用,当各环复合材料模量比、厚度从内到外依次增加,同时优先保证轮毂与内环环间的大过盈量时,可以有效改善在高速旋转载荷下转子应力的分布,提高复合材料层间强度,避免层间脱开。在此基础上,设计了一种玻璃纤维、T700、T800组成的三环过盈装配的高储能密度超导磁悬浮储能复合材料飞轮,并用三维有限元模型进行了验证。     

材料铺排顺序对储能飞轮应力影响规律研究

以复合材料储能飞轮为研究对象,分析材料铺排顺序对飞轮应力的影响规律。针对飞轮的结构特点,建立多层过盈配合复合材料轮缘应力分析模型,通过ANSYS Workbench软件分析不同材料铺排顺序下复合材料飞轮的径向、环向应力分布情况。结果表明:在转速一定的条件下,当各层轮缘材料相同时,使用玻璃纤维时受到的应力最大,使用碳纤维T800时受到的应力最小;当各层轮缘材料不同时,内层采用成本较低的玻璃纤维,中层采用碳纤维T300,外层采用成本较高的碳纤维T800受力最均匀,变化梯度最小。研究结果将对复合材料储能飞轮的设计和优化工作有一定的参考价值。     

大张力缠绕碳纤维复合材料高速飞轮转子研究

碳纤维复合材料由于其较高的比强度、比刚度以及不产生高频涡流损耗等特点,日益广泛地被用来制造高速飞轮转子护套。另外,大张力缠绕相比压装等工艺更适用于施加碳纤维复合材料层与金属轮毂间的过盈配合。研究了大张力缠绕复合材料飞轮转子护套的设计与成型工艺,建立了复合材料护套的三维有限元模型,采用温差法模拟纤维缠绕张力,采用单元生死法模拟逐层缠绕及固化过程。在30000 RPM的转速及不同工作温度下,分析了缠绕张力及轮毂和转轴间过盈量对转子各材料界面处压应力的影响规律。此外,采用大张力缠绕工艺制备了高速飞轮转子碳纤维护套样件,测试了样件护套对金属轮毂的径向压应力以及轮毂径向应变。结果表明,基于仿真模型的计算值与样件测试值吻合良好,获得了飞轮转子的最佳几何外形和制备工艺参数,使转子的最大工作外缘线速度达697 m/s,最大储能密度为44.5 Wh/kg。研究成果对复合材料高速飞轮转子护套的设计与制造具有重要的意义。     

铝合金强化段对拉挤型复合材料与铝合金过盈配合的影响研究

为研究铝合金本构关系强化段对铝合金与拉挤型复合材料过盈配合时的影响,在本文中首先将铝合金的本构关系简化为双线性模型,通过弹塑性力学推导了在该本构关系下过盈量与铝合金、复合材料界面正应力之间的关系。然后通过了有限元与实验进行了验证,在有限元验证过程中通过多线性等向强化(MISO)真实模拟铝合金的本构关系。最后研究了强化段对正应力的影响,得到结论如下:①理论解与有限元解和实验值吻合较好,这证明了理论推导的正确性;②在复合材料与铝合金进行过盈配合时考虑铝合金强化段,在铝合金与复合材料界面可以获得更大的正应力;③过盈配合时,复合材料管壁的不均匀对界面正应力的影响不大,可忽略管壁不均匀对过盈配合的影响。     

FINTTE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ENERGY STORAGE FLYWHEEL ROTOR BASED ON THREE DIFFERENT HUB MATERIALS

选用铝合金、钛合金和40Cr三种合金材料,分别分析每种材料在不同旋转角速度条件下的轮毂、轮缘的应力变化规律,利用有限元分析理论结合各向异性弹性体基本理论建立复合材料储能飞轮力学模型,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,确定易于发生疲劳失效的部位;辅以相同转速条件下,飞轮转子径向和环向应力分析结果,得出铝合金在减小飞轮整体应力水平、优化储能密度方面均优于其他两种合金的结论,完善了选用轮毂材料的基本原则.     

基于三种不同轮毂材料的储能飞轮转子有限元分析

选用铝合金、钛合金和40Cr三种合金材料,分别分析每种材料在不同旋转角速度条件下的轮毂、轮缘的应力变化规律,利用有限元分析理论结合各向异性弹性体基本理论建立复合材料储能飞轮力学模型,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,确定易于发生疲劳失效的部位;辅以相同转速条件下,飞轮转子径向和环向应力分析结果,得出铝合金在减小飞轮整体应力水平、优化储能密度方面均优于其他两种合金的结论,完善了选用轮毂材料的基本原则。     

单螺杆泵定转子过盈量优化设计

传统螺杆泵定转子初始过盈量忽略了橡胶位于不同位置时,形变会不同,从而导致泵效降低,寿命减少。通过对单螺杆泵进行数值模拟,分析了螺杆泵定子温度场的分布规律及其对定子型线的影响。提出一种新的过盈量分段设计方法,即针对定子橡胶厚度不同的特点,分段确定过盈量,从而改善了定转子的配合状态。现场试验结果表明:采用新的过盈量优化设计方法确定过盈量的螺杆泵,最长免修期达726天,平均工作扭矩降低了13.28%,平均系统效率提高了12.7%,取得了较好的现场应用效果。     

复合材料储能飞轮转子有限元分析

复合材料运用在飞轮体的制备上,极大地增强了储能飞轮的机械性能,并增加了单位质量中的动能储存效率.利用有限元分析理论结合各向异性弹性体基本理论建立复合材料储能飞轮力学模型,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,对已知材料性能参数和转子主要形状尺寸的储能飞轮转子进行应力和位移分析,求出了在一定转速条件下转子的径向应力、环向应力和径向位移,对其分布规律进行探讨,为飞轮结构优化提供理论依据.     

热套压力容器半径过盈量的优化设计

根据热套压力容器内外筒应同时达到屈服的等强度设计原则,推导出最佳半径过盈量的解析方程,利用C程序计算出高精度的最佳半径过盈量,并运用ANSYS软件对热套压力容器进行了应力和变形分析。     

轮胎定型硫化机曲柄齿轮过盈配合有限元分析

利用ANSYS软件内嵌的APDL语言建立了轮胎定型硫化机曲柄齿轮组件的非线性接触模型。对压装过程进行静态接触分析,并对不同过盈量下应力分布结果进行比较,验证了模型的正确性,对于确定过盈配合中合理的过盈量和改进加工工艺具有重要意义。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。