超薄浮法玻璃显微硬度测量对退火工艺的指导研究

采用带图像分析自动转塔显微硬度计HXD-2000 TMC/LCD进行超薄浮法玻璃显微硬度测量,利用测量结果指导超薄浮法玻璃退火工艺参数调整。退火工艺调整前超薄玻璃的显微硬度分布不均匀,显微硬度平均值的最小值和最大值分别是517.6 kg/mm2、561.4 kg/mm2;退火工艺调整后超薄玻璃的显微硬度分布均匀,显微硬度平均值的最小值和最大值分别是为543.4 kg/mm2、548.7 kg/mm2。结果表明:通过测量超薄浮法玻璃显微硬度,调整玻璃退火工艺,对超薄玻璃生产调整退火参数起指导作用。     

高品质超低膨胀透明微晶玻璃实现批量化生产

锂铝硅系超低膨胀微晶玻璃是一种性能优良的低膨胀光学材料,热膨胀系数低、透明性好。国产高品质超低膨胀微晶玻璃一直受到技术制约,难以批量化生产。本研究采用熔融法结合搅拌工艺以及适宜的热处理制度,成功批量化生产出热膨胀系数接近于零的高品质超低膨胀透明微晶玻璃产品,产品外观完整,内部基本无气泡、条纹等缺陷。对优级产品进行热膨胀系数、应力双折射、抗弯强度测试,结果表明,优级产品热膨胀系数为1.6×10^-8 K^-1,应力双折射小于2 nm/cm,抗弯强度高达171 MPa,品质已达到ZERODUR零级。采用XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对该产品的物相组成、表面形貌、微观结构进行了分析研究,产品主晶相为β-石英固溶体,晶相含量较高且分布均匀,晶粒尺寸为几十纳米,保证了其极低的热膨胀系数和高透明性。     

晶化温度对不锈钢渣微晶玻璃析晶及性能影响

利用不锈钢渣制备微晶玻璃实现了废弃资源的二次利用.本文以不锈钢渣、尾矿及废玻璃为原料,采用熔融法制备主晶相为镁黄长石相的微晶玻璃.利用DSC、XRD、SEM等测试分析手段研究晶化温度对微晶玻璃晶相、微观组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在800 ～ 920℃范围内,随晶化温度升高,主晶相镁黄长石XRD衍射峰强度不断升高,在850℃出现透辉石相;微晶玻璃晶粒由球形颗粒变为针叶状,最后成网络结构;在晶化温度850℃时性能达到较优,显微硬度最大值为6.55 GPa,密度最大值为3.02 g/cm3,吸水率最小值为0.09％.     

浮法玻璃在线测量的F-85型玻璃自动应力仪

一、前言浮法玻璃退火质量的检验比较有效的方法就是当玻璃从退火窑出来以后沿带宽方向测其应力的大小和分布。用这种方法测得的应力称为“平面应力。”该应力是由于沿玻璃带宽度方向温度分布不均匀造成的。测定平面应力的意义在于能及时地反应生产过程中玻璃带的退火质量,了解玻璃在退火窑中横向温度分布,对生产的趋势提出予告性的信息,为退火工艺制度的调节提供重要依据。浮法玻璃在线测量应力仪的应用对浮法玻璃退火质量检测有着重要意义。     

污泥焚烧灰烧制微晶玻璃

用污泥焚烧灰和废玻璃作为原料一阶段成核结晶法制备微晶玻璃,结果发现,当晶化温度从800℃升高到950℃时,微晶玻璃中玻璃相降低、球状晶体尺寸增加,微晶玻璃主晶相为硅灰石Ca Si O3和透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6,在晶化温度为900℃时,物理和机械性能最好,其密度达2.65 g/cm3、抗弯强度达61.8 MPa、热膨胀系数为7.3×10-6 mm/K。     

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的制备与准等熵压缩特性

以SiO2、A12O3、Li2CO3为主要原料,加入少量碱土金属氧化物、澄清剂及TiO2、ZrO2成核剂,在1 580℃熔制玻璃,然后依据差热分析所确定的热处理制度,在不同温度和时间条件下对其进行核化和晶化处理,制得低膨胀Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系透明微晶玻璃。结果表明:在550℃核化2 h,880℃晶化1h条件下制得的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃结构致密,晶粒细小均匀,主晶相为β-石英固溶体,外观完全透明,热膨胀系数为2.262×10-7/℃(0~900℃),密度为2.5 g/cm3。在一级轻气炮上进行击靶实验,利用该微晶玻璃实现了对靶材料的准等熵压缩。     

热应力对光学玻璃均匀性的影响

本工作使用在弯曲加压下退火的矩形棒状玻璃样品,利用干涉法研究了五种光学玻璃的折射率热应力效应。 在光学玻璃的退火过程中,当冷却玻璃通过退火温度范围时,在玻璃毛坯中产生了热应力,由于效应力效应引起了玻璃折射率的不均匀分布。本工作进行了有关热应力对退火玻璃光学均匀性的影响的实验,并根据实验结果估算了这一影响的大小。     

PBY—1型平板玻璃应力测定仪研制报告

一、概述平板玻璃生产中原板玻璃的炸裂造成了产量下降和经济上的损失,其炸裂的根本原因是由于应力过大且分布不均。应力产生的主要原因是玻璃本身和引上机膛中三维空间热不均匀性所引起的。热不均匀性的改善可由调整退火制度来解决。退火制度的合理调整,可通过两条途径来解决,第一     

玻璃退火的原理和工艺计算

一、玻璃退火的定义和目的退火这一术语在技术上有各种不同的意义。在玻璃工艺中,退火主要是指玻璃中残余应力的减少或消除的过程。玻璃退火的目的,是消除玻璃制品中的残余应力和光学不均匀性,以及稳定玻璃内部的结构。玻璃制品中的内应力通常是由于不均匀的冷却条件所产生的。这种内应力可以     

以MAS为添加剂的碳化硅复合多孔材料的制备

在碳化硅(SiC)中加入MAS(镁铝硅)玻璃相,经过750℃×2h/1200℃×2h的热处理,制得了高强度的α-堇青石微晶玻璃结合碳化硅复合多孔材料。利用热膨胀仪测得了添加剂微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数,通过DTA研究了微晶玻璃的核化温度和晶化温度;分别利用XRD和SEM分析了材料的物相和显微结构;利用多功能试验机,对材料的强度进行了测试。通过建立的模型,近似计算了基体碳化硅和结合相的残余应力值。经研究制得了热膨胀系数为4.04×10-6/K的与基体碳化硅相匹配的结合相堇青石微晶玻璃、抗折强度为131Mpa复合多孔材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。