玻璃纤维泡沫夹芯板挖补修理弯曲性能试验与有限元模拟

针对玻璃纤维泡沫夹芯结构关于维修结构性能研究的缺失,本研究完成了玻纤泡沫夹芯板的维修和弯曲性能测试,并在试验基础上建立了结构有限元模型,进行了强度与刚度的试验数据验证。得到结论如下:通过试验结果,简化了有限元分析模型中的胶层设置;将泡沫芯体和玻纤面板的破坏载荷作为结构的初始与最终破坏载荷,仿真计算的破坏载荷较试验平均载荷超出18. 92%,较最大试验破坏载荷超出7. 14%;应用线性阶梯载荷步表征模型的应变趋势,在线性变形区域与试验符合较好,在受压面板,最大偏差为11. 2%,在受拉面板,最大偏差为24. 3%。表明该玻璃纤维泡沫夹芯修补结构的有限元模型分析精度较高,具有较强的工程实用性。     

复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构紧固件连接拉脱失效行为研究

结合数值仿真计算和试验研究,得到了复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构紧固件连接在拉脱载荷作用下的破坏形式及承载能力,揭示了相应的失效机理。介绍了复合材料夹层结构的刚度理论,并建立了有限元模型,数值预测了结构的失效模式与极限载荷,通过与试验结果的对比,证明了本文数值模拟方法的有效性。试验与数值计算结果均表明复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的失效区域主要集中于连接区域,故为提高结构承载能力,尝试将连接区域的蜂窝挖空后进行灌封,并对此局部灌封形式的复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构进行数值计算,结果表明,采用对复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构连接区域蜂窝灌封的方式,其性能要优于挖空蜂窝灌封的结构,承载能力有显著提高。     

复合材料开孔平板剪切稳定性研究

本文对复合材料开孔平板试验件进行剪切载荷下的稳定性分析。对厚度为2mm,铺层为16层的开孔平板进行剪切稳定性试验。采用工程算法对复合材料平板的临界屈曲载荷与剪切屈曲应变进行计算，该方法考虑了铺层与边界条件的影响。通过有限元仿真软件建立剪切平板模型，计算模型的屈曲模态，并将模态作为初始缺陷引入模型，通过有限元弧长法计算复合材料平板模型的非线性屈曲载荷及屈曲应变。对于平板模型，工程算法得到的剪切屈曲载荷、屈曲应变与有限元模型计算的结果基本吻合。对于带孔平板模型，利用有限元弧长法仿真得到剪切载荷作用下的应力分布及非线性屈曲载荷，与试验结果对比较好。通过有限元结果与试验、工程算法结果对比，验证了有限元模型的可靠性。基于验证过的有限元模型进行了参数化研究，评估了不同开孔直径对复合材料平板剪切屈曲稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，开孔会导致结构剪切屈曲载荷显著下降，孔边比为0.3时，为临界屈曲载荷最优的结构模型。开孔直径越大，结构的剪切屈曲载荷越小，孔边应变逐渐增大。     

芯材增强对夹层圆柱壳屈曲性能的影响

应用有限元软件ANSYS,将表层和芯层的增强材料与芯材分开,采用8节点SOLID45实体单元,对增强型夹层圆柱壳建立物理模型,计算结构弹性屈曲的临界载荷。分析树脂量对提高点阵式及齿槽式增强圆柱壳轴向稳定性的作用,考察树脂材性、尺寸及分布等参数对屈曲载荷的影响,并将2种增强方式进行对比。结果显示:树脂柱以及树脂齿槽均可提高圆柱壳的抗屈曲性能,其中树脂材性对圆柱壳屈曲载荷的影响有限,而树脂柱和齿槽的疏密程度对圆柱壳的轴向承载能力有着明显的改进作用。总体上,齿槽式的增强效果比点阵式增强效果要好。     

管状纤维缠绕制件的管壁元分析模型

根据管状纤维缠绕制件的成形特点,以干纤维束横截面积、纤维体积含量、芯模尺寸及一个铺设行程中芯模转过的圈数为基本参数,给出了具有不同缠绕角管壁厚的计算方法;之后,根据缠绕管件具有周向均匀弹性模量的特点,将管件化分为管壁元,对其进行位移、应变、应力分析,并在管件上进行整合,从而提出一种纤维缠绕复合材料管在拉伸、剪切及弯扭载荷作用下的分析模型;最后将管壁厚计算方法和管壁元分析模型用于计算管件,并将理论计算结果与可得到的实验结果和有限元数值计算结果进行时比,结果表明,理论计算结果与实验结果均有较好的一致性.     

复合载荷圆柱壳径向接管极限载荷参数化分析

采用正交试验设计方法,设计了48组不同几何参数的带径向接管圆柱壳模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对模型进行模拟计算,求得模型在内压与接管纵向弯矩联合作用下的极限载荷,由回归分析法得到复合载荷作用下圆柱壳接管结构极限载荷关系的经验方程。采用有限元计算结果对经验方程进行验证和应用,证明了回归方程和研究方法是可靠的,可用于求解内压与接管纵向弯矩联合作用下圆柱壳接管结构的极限承载能力,为快速求解载荷联合作用下圆柱壳接管结构的极限承载能力提供了研究方向。     

三维中空夹芯复合材料侧压性能的有限元分析

本文利用有限元软件ANSYS,建立三维中空夹芯复合材料的结构模型,进行侧压性能研究。利用该模型,探讨了材料在1mm侧压位移载荷作用下复合材料中纤维、树脂和材料本身的应力、应变分布。结果表明,三维中空夹芯复合材料在侧压载荷作用下,上下面板中经、纬纱线交织处应力最大,最容易发生侧压破坏;芯材应力最小,不容易发生侧压破坏;复合材料在承受侧压载荷作用时,纤维起主要承载作用,树脂起次要作用;材料的破坏模式主要为树脂破裂。     

UHMWPE纤维缠绕铝内衬复合材料气瓶爆破压力预测

本文利用有限元强大的后处理功能,在复合材料气瓶的有限元模型上选取一条路径,使其能够代表复合材料气瓶模型上的所有点,然后在同一载荷下观察这一路径上的点的应变曲线,观察曲线规律,从中选取三个点做出载荷-应变曲线,找出最大应变点。然后做出环向纤维缠绕复合材料层的这个点在不同载荷下的载荷-应变曲线,根据最大应变准则,预测UHMWPE纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶的爆破压力。     

某全泡沫夹芯复合材料无人机平尾的强度分析与验证

平尾作为飞机的重要部件,对整个飞机的安全性能有着重要影响。某型通用无人机为T型平尾,平尾载荷比较小,采用全泡沫夹芯结构,为评估全复合材料泡沫夹芯平尾的静力强度,通过Abaqus软件建立平尾结构的有限元模型,并对该平尾在最大载荷作用下的受力情况进行了有限元分析,给出了平尾的应力和变形结果。设计制造了平尾的试验件和试验加载装置,并完成了试验验证,试验结果与理论计算基本相符,表明平尾有限元模型和分析方法是正确可行的。     

复合材料夹层双曲球壳的自由振动力学性能研究

以双曲球壳复合材料夹芯结构为研究对象,利用有限元Block Lanczos分析法对双曲球壳结构的自由振动进行了研究,进而得到了基层厚度、芯层厚度以及环境温度等参数对固有频率的影响规律,为实际工程中复合材料夹芯结构的振动分析提供了一种有效的分析及建模方法。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。