直喷式柴油机强化燃烧的研究

本文阐述对直喷式柴油机强化燃烧的研究,重点通过所建立的优化直喷式柴油机工作过程的数学模型模拟计算,研究和分析了直喷式柴油机的工作过程和燃烧性能。计算与试验研究均表明,提高喷油压力、缩短喷油期、提高增压压力和采用预喷射快速燃烧、均质预混合燃烧等技术,均可强化柴油机燃烧过程以满足动力性、经济性和排放的要求。     

不同喷油提前角对缸内碳烟生成影响的计算与分析

应用计算流体动力学对某小型高速增压直喷式柴油机缸内燃烧过程进行了数值计算,得出了不同喷油提前角下增压直喷式柴油机缸内混合气、温度和碳烟的分布情况,分析了不同喷油提前角下,上止点前后的喷油量的比例对碳烟排放的影响,并通过实际工况下的碳烟排放试验进行了验证。为增压柴油机性能与排放优化提供了参考。     

直喷式增压柴油机燃烧过程可视化研究

介绍采用高速摄影技术研究直喷式增压柴油机的燃烧过程，研究工作在单缺柴油机上进行。研究结果表明，进气增压改善了上柴油机燃烧过程；促进了燃油和空气的混合，增加了燃油束向燃烧室中心的扩展区域，壁面附近燃油堆积量减小；缩短了着火延迟期，增加了扩散燃烧的比例，火焰扩展速度降低；改善了燃烧室内的燃烧条件，抑制了燃烧火焰向活塞顶部外溢。     

柴油机喷雾蒸发混合和燃烧的数值模拟

应用一个准维多区模型对柴油机喷雾的蒸发、混合和燃烧进行了数值模拟,提出了求解燃油蒸发过程的油滴直径瞬时变化的简单代数方程,考虑了碰壁对喷雾射流贯穿的影响。并对一台直喷式柴油机的燃烧过程进行了计算,计算结果与试验值符合较好。     

直喷式柴油机缸内过程的能量可用性分析

本文以柴油机工作过程的热力学第一定律数值模拟为基础，应用热力第二定律分析一台直喷式柴油要的缸内过程的能量可用性。通过各过程的能量可用性平衡分析，定量地计算了能量作功能力和不可逆损失，并且与势和不第一定律的能量平衡进行了比较；分析计算了直喷式柴油机的循环喷油量、燃烧开始角、燃烧持续期、燃烧品质指标及气缸绝热对缸内能量可用性和热力学第一定律、第二定律热效率的影响。     

增压直喷式柴油机缸内燃烧可视化及其排放的试验研究

采用AVL缸内视频系统对增压直喷式柴油机CC490ZQ实际工作在低、中转速下,缸内燃烧过程进行了可视化试验研究,同时测量了其烟度、HC、C0及NOx并进行了分析。结果表明：进气涡流是着火初期火焰分布形态的主要控制因素,随着负荷和增压压力的升高,导致燃烧室中心区的扩散燃烧及其比例增加;湍流混合对直喷式柴油机缸内混合燃烧起主要控制作用。     

6110A柴油机绝热性能的预测

本文建立了计算直喷式柴油机气缸内热力过程、气缸周壁传热和气缸盖排气道传热的数学模型,并编制了计算机程序。采用解析法处理气缸周壁传热,特别是应用二维解析法建立活塞顶传热,将气缸周璧传热计算与柴油机气缸内热力过程计算相结合,互为边界条件,因此能模拟计算绝热机工作过程。在几种气缸周壁绝热层布置形式下,以6110A柴油机为例进行了非增压、增压和增压带动力涡轮在标定工况下的模拟计算,并分析了绝热对发动机性能,燃烧过程以及热平衡的影响。为研制绝热发动机提供了预测数据。     

现象燃烧学模型对直喷式柴油机特性的预测

本文论述了4区现象学模型及其在直喷式柴油机燃烧速率计算上的应用,它的计算结果已在130型直喷式柴油机得到验证。     

分开式燃烧室柴油机燃烧放热率计算新方法的研究

本文就涡流室式柴油机燃烧放热率理论模型及其算法问题,在总结其它计算模型的基础上,提出并建立了等效热力系统法计算模型,为分析和改善柴油机的燃烧过程提供了有价值的依据。该方法对非直喷式柴油机具有普遍意义。     

一个直喷式柴油机的准维燃烧模型

本提出了一个用于直喷式柴油机燃烧过程计算的准维模型。这个模型按燃油喷入气缸的时间进行分区，每个区域的燃烧过程是由着火阶段即燃烧准备阶段和燃烧阶段所组成，用着火延迟期概括着火阶段的复杂物理化学现象，既反映了控制燃烧过程的主要因素，又使应用相对简化。     

Dynamical models of lead-acid batteries: implementation issues

This paper explains how the lead-acid models described in a previous paper (see M. Ceraolo, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.15, p.1184-90, 2000) can be utilized in practice. Two main issues are opened by that paper: (1) the paper does not supply detailed information on how to identify the several parameters of the proposed models, and (2) it defines a whole family of models, but does not discuss which model of the family is adequate for a given purpose. These two issues are tackled in this paper. For the first issue, the more complex one, two options are proposed and discussed: (1) a complete identification procedure involving extensive lab tests, and (2) a simplified one that combines information from lab tests and data, supplied by the manufacturer. In addition, further simplifications applicable in cases of batteries belonging to the same family are presented     

以大型风电场为核心的多能源互补发电系统

针对在集中进行大规模风电开发时,由于来流风速的随机性、间歇性与不可控性所带来的风电场出力波动和不可调度性,本文论述了在当前的技术条件下,国内外已经运行或提出的几种多能源互补发电系统的特点以及它们适合发展的范围。依据大型风电场出力负荷波动的特点,提出了与大型风电场组成互补系统的其他发电设备所要求具备的基本条件,给出了为解决风电大规模开发所带来的技术瓶颈所要研究的互补发电系统关键技术。     

非均匀布风内循环流化床内气泡特性的可视化研究

采用图像处理方法 ,可视化研究非均匀布风内循环流化床中的气泡特性。用CCD摄像机将拍摄的数字图像进行处理 ,从而得到清晰的气泡图像。研究不同流化速度及床层高度处的气泡形状和尺寸 ,同时对内循环流化床中的气泡破裂与合并现象进行分析。     

Techno-economic analysis of waste paper energy utilization

The existing waste paper recycling technologies are based on partial incorporation of recycled cellulose fibers into “new” paper products. The main usage is in low-grade products, such as paperboards or wrapping papers. However, due to electronization of mass media in combination with increasing quantities of leaflets and continuous downward pressures on paper production costs, the waste paper currently used in the recycling scheme is of lower quality than paper used decades ago. It contains much more fillers, adhesives, dyes, polishers, and similar additives that are problematic for conventional paper recycling technologies. A sharp growth of this trend encourages conceptual reengineering of the existing technological processes in waste paper management. A techno-economic analysis of energy utilization by means combustion, anaerobic fermentation (also accelerated by steam-explosion), and pyrolysis was carried out in a pilot scale. The results have revealed that if the current trend continues, it might be reasonable to divert waste paper from returning back into production (recycling) and to prefer its commercial pyrolysis.     

我国加入WTO后石油石化行业面临的机遇与挑战

本文论述了我国加入WTO后石油石化行业将发生的新变化。文中首先介绍了加入WTO后,石油石化领域的市场规则的变化。随后对该领域的四大子行业即原油开采业、石化加工业、石油炼制业、油品销售业所面临的竞争形势进行了简要的分析,最后提出了几点应对WTO挑战的对策。本文对于关注中国石油石化业发展的企业和国内外投资者有较强的可读性和实用性,对于从事石油石化方面外贸工作的专业人士也有一定的帮助。     

A review of energy use and energy efficiency technologies for the textile industry

The textile industry is a complicated manufacturing industry because it is a fragmented and heterogeneous sector dominated by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). There are various energy-efficiency opportunities that exist in every textile plant. However, even cost-effective options often are not implemented in textile plants mostly because of limited information on how to implement energy-efficiency measures. Know-how on energy-efficiency technologies and practices should, therefore, be prepared and disseminated to textile plants. This paper provides information on the energy use and energy-efficiency technologies and measures applicable to the textile industry. The paper includes case studies from textile plants around the world and includes energy savings and cost information when available. A total of 184 energy efficiency measures applicable to the textile industry are introduced in this paper. Also, the paper gives a brief overview of the textile industry around the world. An analysis of the type and the share of energy used in different textile processes is also included in the paper. Subsequently, energy-efficiency improvement opportunities available within some of the major textile sub-sectors are given with a brief explanation of each measure. This paper shows that a large number of energy efficiency measures exist for the textile industry and most of them have a low simple payback period.     

三元催化反应器的作用原理及其检测

介绍排气后处理装置三元催化反应器的作用原理，对其转化要求及转化效率做了说明，指出三元催化反应器的检测方法。     

废气再循环(EGR)研究现状分析

简要介绍了船用柴油机的排放法规、现今废气再循环(EGR)的技术发展,全面论述了柴油发动机的废气再循环技术面临的技术困难和关键技术,以及当今EGR最新技术研究情况。     

The elements of direct uses

Direct uses of geothermal energy are important in many countries of the world. Well-known examples are district heating (hitaveita) in Iceland, industrial processing in New Zealand, greenhouse heating in Hungary, and traditional bathing uses in Japan. Although direct uses are also called non-electrical applications, they span the whole range of geothermal temperatures, as evident from the Lindal Diagram shown in Fig. 1. A recent paper on direct uses is that of Gudmundsson and Lund (1985). Because of the many possible applications of geothermal energy, there is a need to identify the main elements that make up direct use projects. The purpose of this paper is to consider these elements, in an attempt to better organize the field of geothermal engineering. The paper concerns the technologies needed to bring geothermal fluids from resource to user. However, corrosion and water quality matters are not discussed, neither are environmental issues. Geothermal drilling, production and reservoir engineering are also outside the scope of this paper.     

有限释能速率可燃气云爆炸场的研究

本文研究自由场中有限释能速率的可燃气云爆炸问题。并分别用能量均匀释放模型、能量波模型和ＴＶＤ格式对可燃气云爆炸场进行了数值模拟，得到了两种能量释放模型中显著影响爆炸场的控制参数。本文还对Ｍｆ＝１０的能量波模型和ｔｆ＝０．１的能量均匀释放模型的计算结果进行了对比分析。文中所用的方法可为实际气云爆炸场提供参数预测。