转炉加LF精炼生产优质碳素管坯钢

介绍了应用转炉加LF精炼生产合格的优质碳素管坯钢的情况.转炉管坯钢的纯净度同Q235A普碳钢相比显著提高,接近电炉管坯钢的水平.但要进一步提高转炉管坯钢的质量,还需提高转炉出钢过程的挡渣效果,保证足够的LF精炼处理时间.现研制的优质碳素管坯钢可满足用户的使用要求.     

Bake Hardening of Laser Welded Dual Phase Steel

The influence of bake hardening on the mechanical properties of laser welded dual phase steel was investigated. A remarkalbe increase of the hardness in the zone influenced by laser welding was observed. The fusion zone had a low carbon lath martensite microstructure. The laser weld region had a higher interstitial carbon content than the base material. The dual phase steel exhibited a clear bake hardening effect in both the as‐received and the laser‐welded conditions. The bake hardening effect is more pronounced in the prestrained laser welded condition. A pronounced decrease of the ductility was observed for prestrained laser welded DP steel.     

水平连铸机生产20管坯表面质量分析

对石横特殊钢厂水平连铸机生产２０管坯中出现的一些表面质量缺陷的产生原因进行分析,采取了控制钢水中Ｃ含量、锰硫比、钢水过热度、控制中间包液面、拉坯辊压和工艺参数、提高结晶器质量等措施,有效地控制了连铸坯表面缺陷的产生。     

Effect of retained austenite on the yielding and deformation behavior of a dual phase steel

Tensile tests were conducted on a vanadium containing dual phase steel at temperatures between −53 and + 187°C to determine the effect of retained austenite stability on tensile properties. The transformation of retained austenite to martensite with stress/strain was shown to be a contributing factor in the yielding and strain hardening behavior of the dual phase steel. Increasing the stability of the austenite, by increasing the test temperature, caused the expected shift in the austenite to martensite strain transformation to higher strains. This led to a lower initial strain hardening exponent which increased with strain, compared to the ambient and sub-zero temperature deformation where the initial strain hardening exponent was higher but decreased with strain. The former behavior, which accentuated the strain hardening ability at higher strains, led to an increase in the uniform and total elongations, suggesting that the ductility of dual phase steels can be further improved by optimizing the stability of the retained austenite.     

Effect of Ti Additions on Micro‐Alloyed Nb TRIP Steel

In the present study, the influence of Ti‐additions on the mechanical properties of Nb‐microalloyed TRIP steel is investigated. Ti micro‐alloying additions to multi‐phase Nb TRIP steel result in a substantial increase of the yield strength and a reduction of strain hardening. The increase of the yield strength can be attributed mainly to grain refinement with a relatively small contribution of precipitation hardening. Based on general principles and well‐known models of alloying strengthening, metallurgical reasons for the observed mechanical behavior of the steel can be formulated. The contribution of precipitation hardening is relatively small as Ti‐addition result in the formation of coarse (Nb,Ti)(C,N) particles. The addition of Ti to a Nb‐microalloyed TRIP steel leads to a pronounced enhancement of precipitation kinetics of (Nb,Ti)(C,N), thereby increasing their phase fraction. The precipitates coarsen and tend to form groups of aggregates of particles rather than single isolated particles with increasing intercritical annealing time. In addition, Ti‐addition to Nb‐microalloyed TRIP steel has a direct influence on the chemical composition of the precipitates, which become Ti‐rich.     

500 MPa级高延性方管用钢的开发及加工硬化行为

 为了开发满足二次加工性能要求的500 MPa级高延性方管用钢,采用OM、SEM和TEM等对500 MPa级高延性方管用钢制管前后的组织与性能进行分析,研究了其强化机制与加工硬化机理。结果表明,两种试验钢的组织均由铁素体和少量珠光体组成,低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢铁素体晶粒与珠光体球团尺寸更加细小,第二相析出物尺寸稍大,位错密度相似。两种试验钢制管前力学性能相似,低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢屈强比较高;制管后低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢加工硬化程度显著,屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增加了45与26 MPa,伸长率降低6.0%,高C-高Mn-Nb微合金化试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增加了22与10 MPa,伸长率降低4.0%。固溶强化与细晶强化是两种试验钢最主要的强化机制,由晶粒细化引起的强度增量占总强度的52.9%~61.8%,由固溶强化引起的强度增量占总强度的17.2%~25.3%;析出强化与位错强化对强度的贡献较小。制管后低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢位错强化增加显著,达到了82 MPa,明显高于高C-高Mn-Nb微合金化试验钢位错强化的贡献(65 MPa);对于制管用途而言,高C-高Mn-Nb微合金化试验钢制管后综合力学性能更加优异。     

Surface and Coating Analysis of Press‐Hardened Hot‐Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet

The use of continuous galvanized steel sheet as feedstock material for press hardening leads to components of very high strength levels with classical cathodic corrosion protection. The present work provides an insight into this technology with special focus on surface oxidation and intermetallic phase formation during the austenisation process. For that reason hot dipped galvanized 22MnB5 steel sheets, with a blank thickness of 1.5 mm and an average coating weight of 70 g m^?2, were annealed in a temperature range of 400–900°C in steps of 50°C without soaking before quenching in water. Surface and cross‐cuts were analyzed by SEM, EDX, and XRD to illustrate the phase formation and the surface changes during thermal treatment. Corrosion behavior was also studied based on electrochemical investigations and an accelerated, cyclic, automotive corrosion tests called VDA, which is a mixture of salt spray test and alternating climate test. It was found that austenisation of galvanized steel sheet causes a significant change of the coating. The generated coating still offers cathodic protection for the steel substrate and has higher corrosion resistance than standard galvanized steel sheet. Surface oxidation also occurs during the press hardening process leading to a surface covered with successively arranged layers of Al₂O₃ and ZnO, containing also further oxidized alloying elements.     

热穿孔温度对T91钢管持久强度的影响

研究了φ75mm管坯穿孔温度对T91锅炉钢管高温力学性能的影响。结果表明，1200℃穿孔温度能获得持久强度和持久断裂塑性较好配合的综合性能。     

Z3CN20—09M铸造奥氏体不锈钢的低周疲劳行为

采用径向应变控制研究了Z3CN20-09M奥氏体不锈钢在室温和350℃高温下的低周疲劳行为.Z3CN20-09M不锈钢表现为先硬化后软化的循环特性,但硬化的程度取决于温度和应变幅.随着应变幅的增加,Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳循环寿命逐渐减短,而相同循环次数下应力幅也随之提高.温度对Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳行为影响较大,与室温相比高温下的循环硬化程度更高,相同应变幅下高温的低周疲劳寿命也高于常温下的寿命.通过疲劳实验的原位观察发现,奥氏体内的滑移面、夹杂物及奥氏体和铁素体两相的界面是疲劳裂纹可能的形核位置,奥氏体和铁素体两相的不协调变形使相界处产生应力集中,导致疲劳裂纹容易沿两相界面扩展.     

双相钢00Cr25Ni7M03NA冷轧管材工艺研究

在试制双相钢00Cr25Ni7M03NA钢管时,采用挤压＋冷轧＋冷拔工艺,发现热加工热塑性差。主要表现在制坯时开裂,挤压管坯内外表面时有裂纹,冷轧抗力大,道次变形量小,冷拔前打钳把断裂。成品管检验结果表明,化学成分、性能等技术指标达到技术要求,工艺路线成熟。     

Specific features of rhenium-alloyed single-crystal nickel superalloys

Experimental data are presented on the effect of introduction of up to 12 wt % Re on the structure and properties of ZhS-type complexly alloyed casting nickel superalloys intended for the blades of modern aviation gas-turbine engines. Rhenium alloying is found to increase the temperature of onset of melting of the alloys and the temperature of complete dissolution of a hardening γ′-Ni₃Al-based phase in a nickel-based γ solid solution. Moreover, rhenium hinders diffusion processes. Rhenium is shown to harden a nickel-based solid solution more effectively than Hf, Ta, Nb, W, or Mo. As compared to the other refractory metals, rhenium more effectively increases the long-term strength of the ZhS-type alloys at 1000°C. In addition, it increases their operating temperature to 1150°C.     

Redistribution of carbon in the deformation of steel with bainite and martensite structures

Recent years have been marked by considerable increase in the use of high-strength steel—especially martensitic and bainitic steel—for the manufacture of key industrial components and structures. The high strength depends on strain hardening of the steel. It is important to understand the strain hardening of steel of different structural classes with active plastic deformation, in order to ensure specified structural and phase states and mechanical properties. In the present work, by transmission electron-diffraction microscopy, the evolution of the structure, the phase composition, and the state of the defect substructure is compared for steel samples with martensite and bainite structure in active plastic deformation to failure. After austenitization at 950°C (1.5 h) and subsequent quenching in oil (for 38KhN3MFA steel) and cooling in air (for 30Kh2N2MFA steel), multiphase structure (α phase, γ phase, and cementite) based on packet martensite (38KhN3MFA steel) and lower bainite (30Kh2N2MFA steel) is formed. Quantitative results for the structural parameters of steel in plastic deformation permit analysis of the distribution of the carbon atoms in the structure of the deformed steel. The points of localization of carbon atoms in the martensite (quenched 38KhN3MFA steel) and bainite (air-cooled 30Kh2N2MFA steel) are identified. Deformation of the steel is found to be accompanied by the destruction of cementite particles. For quenched martensitic steel, the total quantity of carbon atoms in the solid solution based on α and γ iron is reduced, while their content at structural defects is increased. The redistribution of carbon atoms in the bainitic steel with increase in the strain involves the increase in the quantity of carbon atoms in the α iron, defects in the crystalline structure, and cementite at the intraphase boundaries; and the decrease in the content of carbon atoms in the cementite particles within the bainite plates and the γ iron.     

双相不锈钢00Cr22Ni5Mo3N大管坯试制研讨

本文论述00Cr22Ni5Mo3N大管坯的试制工艺，特别是对我厂不锈钢2t电极重熔650锭的工艺进行了探索，着重讨论了化学成分对该钢锻造塑性的影响，总结出了最佳的Ni、Cr、N控制范围、电渣重熔和锻造工艺。     

Mathematical Modelling of Magnesia Carbon Refractories Reactions with Steel

The production of super clean steel has put in clear evidence the importance of the refractory in influencing the degree on internal cleanliness of steel. In fact chemical species transfer from the refractory to the steel bath. To reduce the steel contamination caused by the refractory it is necessary to know the interaction between the refractory and the steel. A mathematical model of the modifications of the refractory surface in contact with the steel has been developed. The work is focused on magnesia‐carbon refractory (taking into account the presence of reducing agents too, as Al, Si and Mg) and carbon steel. The model calculates the new phases formed when liquid steel and refractory are in contact. The model is based on the following mechanism of reactions: (i) Magnesia reacts with graphite forming gaseous CO and Mg. (ii) The other oxides present in the refractory (mainly CaO and SiO₂ which constitutes a glassy phase) pass into the steel, giving dissolved elements and dispersed oxides. (iii) Gaseous Mg reacts at the interface refractory/steel with oxygen dissolved in the steel forming solid MgO. (iv) The MgO generated and the oxides originating from the glassy phase form the new oxide system. The newly formed phase can potentially be transferred to the bath through the steel flow against the refractory walls. The results of the model simulations have been validated by experimental tests.     

RH浸渍管内径对钢液精炼与洁净度的影响

使用不同内径尺寸的RH浸渍管进行工业生产试验,试验结果表明:浸渍管内径越大,钢液脱碳、脱氢速率越高、浸渍管耐材侵蚀率降低、洁净度提高.浸渍管内径由450 mm扩大到510 mm,钢液初始碳质量分数0.05％ 经过RH深脱碳至0.01％ 以下,时间缩短了8 min,效率提高了61.5％;经过真空循环脱气后,钢液氢质量分数...     

宝钢300t钢包内衬的探索与实践

本文简介了宝钢300t钢包内衬在二期连铸生产后出现了钢包寿命缩短以及进行了改进概况,并对包龄下降及修理量增加的直接原因进行了分析;对比了铝镁碳不烧砖、含硅线石微膨胀高铝砖、SiC-腊石不烧砖等新材质的试验情况,以及在包衬修理上采用喷补技术,均取得较好的效果。     

含磷高强IF钢中FeTiP相的脱溶及硬化现象

分析含磷高强IF钢中FeTiP相的脱溶行为及对硬度的影响,发现含磷IF钢的时效硬化现象.实验表明,550℃时效时硬化效果比较明显.电镜和能谱分析表明大量细小的FeTiP相脱溶是产生硬化现象的重要原因.750℃时效时,FeTiP相中Fe:Ti:P(原子比)并不严格地符合1:1:1的比例,且在晶界及晶内均有析出.在超低碳高纯净微合金钢中,如FeTiP相等非碳氮化合物导致的硬化现象值得引起重视.     

Study of Bake Hardenability and Strengthening Mechanism of Hot Rolled Low Carbon Steel

The controlled rolling and controlled cooling,bake hardening experiments have been carried out for the test steel,mechanical property test of the sample and microstructure analysis have been made by tensile testing machine,optical microscope,TEM and X-ray diffractometer.The results show that fine and uniform microstructures can achieve much higher BH and BHT values;With the increase of pre-strain there is a trend of increase first and then decrease in the BH and BHT values;bake hardening mechanism mainly consists of Cottrell atmosphere strengthening,second phase strengthening,dislocation strengthening.     

快速循环相变对GCr15SiMn钢组织和性能的影响

在Gleeble1500D热模拟试验机上对GCr15SiMn钢进行了不同道次的快速循环相变处理。结果表明,随循环次数的增加,试验钢组织趋于均匀,晶粒逐渐细化,冲击韧性和硬度得到不同程度的提高。相变硬化再结晶是晶粒细化的主要原因。采用适当的快速循环相变处理工艺可使GCr15SiMn钢的综合力学性能得到有效提升。     

Effect of Microstructures on Resistance of a Hot Elevated-Temperature Wear Working Die Steel

 Elevated-temperature wear tests under atmospheric conditions at 400 ℃ were performed for a hot working die steel H21 on a pin-on-disk wear tester. The phase and morphology of worn surfaces were examined using XRD and SEM, and the relation of wear resistance to tempered microstructures was studied for H21 steel. XRD patterns exhibit that oxidative wear is a predominated wear mechanism with Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 on worn surfaces. It is found that with increasing normal load, obvious plastic deformation of substrate appears on worn surfaces. Microstructures start to affect apparently wear resistance of the steel with an increase of load. Under loads of 50-100 N, wear losses of steel retain low values and relatively approach for steels with various microstructures. As loads are increased to 150-200 N, wear losses of steel start to increase obviously and present apparent difference for steel with various microstructures. Wear resistance is found to increase in the sequence as follows: tempered sorbite, tempered martensite, tempered troostite without secondary hardening and tempered troostite with secondary hardening or upcoming one. Higher strength and microstructural stability are required for steels with excellent wear resistance.