夏热冬暖地区生态建筑的应用探讨

不同地区具有不同的气候特征，而不同的气候特征又决定了其生态建筑的不同选择。本文针对夏热冬暖地区的气候特点，提出了适合当地的生态建筑，并对该地区的生态建筑和节能建筑应用进行了探讨。     

夏热冬冷地区生态建筑节能建筑的应用探讨

不同地区具有不同的气候特征,蕴含特有的天然资源。气候的地域性决定了生态建筑的地域特点．文中针对夏热冬冷地区特有的气候、特有的天然资源和严重的建筑耗能提出适合当地的生态建筑、节能建筑以及对当前建筑现状的反思。在当今这个被能源危机重重包围的环境下,生态建筑、节能建筑应该加强研究力度,并大力倡导和推广。     

从生物气候学的角度解读川东山地传统民居的设计语汇

随着环境污染和生态危机日益严重,生态建筑设计成为当今建筑界的热点,但在经济欠发达的地区,通过高新技术去实现生态建筑的普适化存在一定困难。而在技术较低的传统民居建筑中普遍存在丰富且朴素的"原生态"思想——适应当地的地域特征与环境气候的生态思想[1]。本文将从生物气候设计的角度去分析经济技术条件受限的川东地区的山地传统民居营建中的选址布局、空间形态、构造技术等三个方面,着重阐述并总结出川东山地民居在特定地理气候条件下的生物气候设计语汇,以期对该地区的生态建筑地域化创作提供参考。     

云南民居的生态适应性

该文通过分析云南民居对地理环境、气候环境、资源环境的适应性．提出一个借鍪地方传统建筑的生态视角．达到推动生态建筑在欠发达地区的发展、延续和发展地域建筑特征的目的.     

发展生态建筑的几点思考

21世纪是人类能否实现可持续发展的最为关键的千年 ,地球已经赢来了 6 0亿人口日 ,越来越多的人口制约着社会的发展 ,而人类自身又要向着高质量高标准的生活迈进 ,这是矛盾的两个方面 ,加强生态建筑建设是解决矛盾的有效途径之一。生态建筑也必将为适应这一趋势而成为 2 1世纪人类最理想的生存空间 ,笔者就如何发展生态建筑谈几点看法。1.建设生态建筑 ,必须因地制宜 ,合理规划。不管是城市还是乡村 ,各个地区的地形地貌、气候特征、地域位置都是不可能相同的。热带、亚热带、温带、寒带 ,它们的自然资源、地表植被、水域河流都是有很大差别…     

乡村振兴中陕南乡村生态建筑技术应用探索

陕南地区是国家主体功能区规划中限制开发的重点生态功能区,在乡村振兴背景下,该地区发展建设将紧紧围绕"生态"二字展开.生态建筑技术是一种秉持绿色生态健康发展理念、实现自然资源有效利用的建筑技术.将生态建筑技术引入乡村振兴中的陕南乡村发展建设过程中,以生态建筑技术助力当地乡村振兴、人居环境提升.通过分析陕南代表性区域——商洛市的生态资源、发展现状及生态建筑技术在商洛乡村发展中的应用现状,结合生态建筑技术的应用特征,分析生态建筑技术在乡村振兴背景下的陕南乡村发展建设中的相关应用策略.     

适宜地域生态建筑中的自然通风 ——以云南新平县嘎洒镇为例

自然通风是当今生态建筑中广泛采取的一项既经济又有效的生态技术的措施；其应用目的是尽量减少空调制冷系统的使用从而减少能耗、降低污染，同时有利于人的生理和心理健康，提出生态建筑的自然通风要与建筑所处地域的自然地理气候特征相适应，达到生态建筑与地域气候的完美结合；并以地处云南中南部的一个亚热带山地小镇进行了详尽地阐述。     

葡萄园启示录

通过对上海马陆葡萄园的实地考察,本文介绍了该葡萄园自行研制的以遮阳和通风为主要手段的低科技节能生态对策。由此对当下生态建筑技术进行反思,反对生态建筑技术的普遍适用性,提出生态建筑技术应该面对不同的气候条件有不同的生态策略的观点。并且差异化的生态建筑技术对策和手段会产生差异化的建筑形态,进而重新回到一个建筑多样化的时代。     

生态建筑的发展与展望

介绍了生态建筑的特征以及国内外生态建筑的发展情况,分析了目前在生态建筑热中普遍存在的三大误区,指出在人居环境优化中应注重生态,大力发展生态建筑.     

浅谈生态建筑及其设计

简要论述了生态建筑的发展趋势,说明了生态建筑设计的基本原则和目标,分析了生态建筑的特征及其对设计的基本要求,并举出几个国外生态建筑的范例,以期引起人们对生态建筑的关注.     

淹水区边坡的生态型护坡技法及其耐久性研究

通过植生袋状垫（一种新型生态植生材料）、生态混凝土（多孔、透水性混凝土）、卵石（自然石）等近自然界材料的不同组合，创作出的最新生态型护坡技法来对淹水区坡面进行设计、护坡，不仅可以充分保证护坡工程安全性、经济性，而且能起到对生态环境维持和改善的功能。针对国家863“十五”重大科技专项“镇江城市水环境质量改善与生态修复技术研究与示范”总课题第三分项中的生态堤淹水区坡面．采用三种不同的生态护坡技法进行了现场实施，同时对生态护坡技法中的生态混凝土的耐久性等进行了调查、研究和评价。结果表明：所提出的生态护坡技法能够谋求和保证与生态系统的调和或共生、创造舒适的环境，并且所用生态混凝土具有良好的耐久性。     

Are the energy efficient rates (RVRs) approximate in different climatic locations for the same building with the same reform?

This paper studies the annual heating and cooling energy consumption and the variation law with the tools of characteristic temperature method (CTM) when making the same energy-saving measures on the same building under 43 different climate conditions. It can be found that for the same building, under different climate conditions, the maximal difference in annual energy consumption is up to more than 70 times and after improving building envelope, annual heating and cooling energy reductions are greatly different under various weather conditions, which illustrates that building energy consumption and its reduction is completely dependent on climate conditions; and the energy-saving potentiality and economic value with the same measures are quite different under various climatic conditions. Nevertheless, annual energy efficient rates of cooling are approximate (33.9–39.8%) for the same building with the same energy efficient measures in 43 climate conditions with quite different climatic conditions, and those of heating are also approximate (between 16.2% and 19.5%). This paper proves again the common rule that climate conditions determine energy consumption while energy efficient rates depend on the energy efficient measures.     

绿色生态建筑中可应用的太阳能技术(1)

绿色生态建筑中需要采用绿色可再生能源。太阳能是贮量最大的绿色能源之一。因此 ,太阳能的应用在绿色生态建筑中具有重要地位。从我国太阳能资源及我国太阳能应用技术现状等方面入手 ,着重介绍了现阶段绿色生态建筑中可采用的太阳能技术 ,并对不同的应用形式做了必要的分析     

浅析热带滨海度假酒店公共空间的开放性

热带滨海度假酒店拥有得天独厚的海景资源和气候资源,其公共空间具有明显的开放性特征,不仅体现在面对室外景观,建筑空间的开阔与建筑表皮的通透,达到视线上的引导：更体现在针对并利用地域属性,真正做到内部空间与外部环境的互动共融。本文以海南三亚地区滨海度假酒店为例,分析其公共空间实现开放性的设计方法。     

A Bayesian Network approach to the evaluation of building design and its consequences for employee performance and operational costs

A Bayesian Network approach has been developed that can compare different building designs by estimating the effects of the thermal indoor environment on the mental performance of office workers. A part of this network is based on the compilation of subjective thermal sensation data and the associated objective thermal measurements from 12,000 office occupants from different parts of the world. A Performance Index (Π) is introduced that can be used to compare directly the different building designs and furthermore to assess the total economic consequences of the indoor climate with a specific building design. In this paper, focus will be on the effects of temperature on mental performance and not on other indoor climate factors. A total economic comparison of six different building designs, four located in northern Europe and two in Los Angeles, USA, was performed. The results indicate that investments in improved indoor thermal conditions can be justified economically in most cases. The Bayesian Network provides a reliable platform using probabilities for modelling the complexity while estimating the effect of indoor climate factors on human beings, due to the different ways in which humans are affected by the indoor climate.     

Optimizing energy efficiency and occupant comfort with climate specific design of the building

Designing energy efficient and comfortable buildings requires harmonizing the complex interactions of architecture, construction and building service engineering. The building envelope has a particular importance, since it integrates many functions and has direct influence on indoor climate. Focusing on satisfaction of the user means that the indoor climate is a key for a holistic design approach. Only a satisfied user will not intervene with the designed energy concept or the indoor climate control; dissatisfaction results in multiple system interventions which may cause waste of energy and sometimes even damage to building envelope components. Satisfaction with the indoor environment also increases working productivity or enables effective recreation of residents.The paper deals with international research activities in the field of climate specific building design. Various comfort and energy monitoring surveys of office buildings as well as residential buildings provide substantial information about the occupants' behavior and their needs during specific situations under different outdoor climates. This information allows summarizing basic climate dependent design principles which architects should keep in mind during the early stages of the design process. It also helps to develop strategies aiming at reducing building energy demand and at the same time consider comfort aspects. The second part of this paper demonstrates application of the climate dependent design principles in a housing project in Dubai.     

传统民居的气候适应性对建筑节能设计的启示

建筑的气候适应性是建筑节能设计需要妥善解决的重要问题。本文对福建传统民居在选址、规划、布局和建造使用过程等多方面所体现的与自然环境的良好适应性加以分析,借鉴国外一些著名建筑的节能设计方法,指出将传统民居成熟且成功的气候适应性设计手法与现代建筑技术手段相结合,能够创造出具有适应地域气候特点的节能建筑。     

建筑物排热对城市区域热气候影响的长期动态模拟及分析

探讨了城市特定区域内热气候的形成机理,特别是建筑物排热在热气候形成中所起的作用,对于从建筑角度减缓城市高温化进程和热岛效应、有针对性地提出改善室外热舒适环境、降低建筑能耗的方法具有重要意义。以南方某典型城市实际大型CBD规划改造项目为研究对象,利用已建立的城市区域热气候预测模型,通过长期动态模拟,分析了城市化后室外热气候特征及室外热平衡规律。结果表明,夏季下垫面传热和空调冷源系统排热分别是城市气候逐渐向高温高湿化发展的主要成因。     

绿色建筑评价标准应用研究

2006年,我国颁布了《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T 50378-2006,标志着我国绿色建筑的发展实现了新的跨越。为更好在不同气候区、不同地区有针对性落实绿色建筑,各个省市陆续出台了绿色建筑评价地方标准,这对于推进我国绿色建筑评价体系的完善有着深远的意义。     

Building climate zones of major marine islands in China defined using two-stage zoning method and clustering analysis

The current scheme of building climate zones in China generally assumes that building climate zones of island cities are identical to adjacent land stations. Consequently, building design strategies for island buildings usually refer to those developed for inland cities. This approach has to some extent hindered the energyesaving design and green development of island buildings in China.This research takes a first step on this issue by defining the building climate zones of 36 marine islands over China marine area using two-stage zoning methodology adopted by current building climate zoning standard (GB50178-1993). The meteorological data used for analysis was obtained from the National Climate Center of China over the 30-year period from 1985 to 2014. As comparison, 40 coastal stations which are adjacent to the investigated marine islands were also included in this study. Subsequently a more objective techniquedcluster analysis was operated as an effective supplement to discover the climate characteristics among different observations. The results of both methodologies consistently show that among the 36 islands investigated, the majority of islands located in northern and eastern marine area belong to the same climate zones as their adjacent coastal cities. However, island cities in southern marine area cannot be assigned to any current climate zone, which was demonstrated by its distinctive climate features different from any other sites investigated through cluster analysis as well as different energy use patterns. Thus a new zone was defined to supplement the current building climate zoning scheme to cover marine area of China.