高油酸葵花籽油与油茶籽油脂肪酸组成、 营养成分及氧化稳定性比较

对冷榨高油酸葵花籽油和油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成、营养成分及氧化稳定性进行了比较研究。测定了两种油脂的主要脂肪酸组成及含量,特征指标,角鲨烯、生育酚、植物甾醇含量,氧化诱导时间,并对货架期进行了预测。结果表明：高油酸葵花籽油和油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成及含量、特征指标接近;高油酸葵花籽油的营养成分含量明显偏高;高油酸葵花籽油（过氧化值0.399 mmol/kg）的氧化诱导时间约为油茶籽油（过氧化值2.992 mmol/kg）的2倍,25.15 ℃下货架期分别是油茶籽油的1.7、4.9倍。     

高油酸葵花籽油与普通葵花籽油的比较研究

该文对高油酸葵花籽油和普通葵花籽油的脂肪酸组成及含量、碘值、VE、氧化诱导期进行了对比研究。结果表明:高油酸葵花籽油与普通葵花籽油相比,油酸含量增加3倍多;碘值明显降低;α–VE含量明显减少;氧化诱导期增长近10 h。总体来讲,高油酸葵花籽油具有更好的氧化稳定性和更高的营养价值,是一种具有市场潜力和竞争力的优质食用油。     

包装葵花籽油氧化稳定性研究

研究了包装葵花籽油初始过氧化值、顶空部分的残氧量和温度对保质期内葵花籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果发现:氧气和高温共同作用会使油品加速氧化,在无氧状态下单纯高温对葵花籽油的影响不显著;灌装前葵花籽油初始过氧化值小于2.5 mmol/kg,能确保包装葵花籽油在最大残氧量的状态下,过氧化值在保质期内符合国家标准;瓶内顶空部分的残氧量越低,越有利于包装葵花籽油的质量稳定。     

葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油抗氧化活性的研究

研究葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油的抗氧化性能,实验证实葡萄籽提取物对油脂氧化有很好的抑制作用。在油脂中葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化性强于Vc、VE,预示其在粮油食品中具有广阔的应用前景。     

葵花籽调和油抗氧化性研究

以葵花籽油为主,选用新鲜的花生油、小麦胚芽油作为调和油的原料油,按照一定比例调制成富含VE的葵花籽调和油.再通过正交实验和二次回归正交实验确定了大蒜油、脂溶性茶多酚等作为抗氧化剂在调和油中的最佳添加量.调和油储藏6个月后,以油中VE、酸值、过氧化值和羰基值来衡量其抗氧化效果.     

杜仲籽油纳米乳液超声乳化制备工艺及稳定性研究

以吐温80为乳化剂,采用超声乳化法制备了杜仲籽油纳米乳液,研究了超声功率、超声时间、杜仲籽油体积分数、乳化剂质量浓度对纳米乳液平均粒径及Zeta电位绝对值的影响,通过响应面法优化了制备条件并对杜仲籽油纳米乳液的稳定性进行初步评价。结果表明:超声乳化法制备杜仲籽油纳米乳液的最佳工艺参数为超声时间5 min、超声功率432. 47 W、杜仲籽油体积分数7. 62%、乳化剂质量浓度0. 12 g/mL,在该条件下杜仲籽油纳米乳液的平均粒径为(121. 5±1. 43)nm,Zeta电位绝对值为(28. 6±0. 35) mV。当贮藏时间短于20 d且温度低于25℃时,制备的杜仲籽油纳米乳液的Zeta电位绝对值保持在30～20 mV之间,平均粒径处于100～150 nm,表明采用超声乳化法制备的杜仲籽油纳米乳液具有较好的贮藏稳定性。     

Oxidative and thermal stabilities of genetically modified high oleic sunflower oil

The oxidative and thermal stabilities of genetically modified high oleic sunflower oil (87% oleic acid) were compared with those of regular sunflower (17% oleic acid), soybean, corn, and peanut oils during storage at 55 °C and simulated deep fat frying at 185 °C. Oxidative stability was evaluated by measuring the oxygen content and volatile compounds in the sample bottle headspace and peroxide value. The coefficient variations (CVs) for volatile compound, headspace oxygen, and peroxide value analyses were 2.02%, 1.41%, and 3.18%, respectively. The oxidative stability of high oleic sunflower oil was greater than those of regular sunflower and soybean oil (P < 0.05) and as good as those of corn and peanut oils (P > 0.05). The thermal stabilities of oils during deep fat frying were evaluated by measuring the infrared absorption at 2.9 μm and conjugated diene content. The CV of conjugated diene content was 1.07%. Infrared and conjugated diene results showed that the high oleic sunflower oil had greater thermal stability than had regular sunflower, soybean, corn, and peanut oils (P < 0.05). The genetically modified high oleic sunflower oil, with 5.5% linoleic acid, had better oxidative and thermal stabilities than had the regular sunflower oil with 71.6% linoleic acid.     

不同抗氧化剂对萝卜籽油氧化稳定性的影响

以酸价、过氧化值、折光率、共轭二烯和共轭三烯的含量作为评价萝卜籽油氧化稳定性的指标,研究TBHQ(叔丁基对苯二酚)、BHA(丁基羟基茴香醚)、BHT(二丁基羟基甲苯)、PG(没食子酸丙酯)四种抗氧化剂对萝卜籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明:在60±1℃加速氧化的条件下,添加抗氧化剂可以有效抑制萝卜籽油的氧化酸败,其中TBHQ的抗氧化作用最好,其次是BHT、BHA,PG最差。0.015%TBHQ可以很好地抑制油脂的氧化酸败,使萝卜籽油在20℃的预贮藏期由14个月延长到42个月。     

葵花籽油的氧化稳定性研究

以葵花籽油的酸值和过氧化值为评价指标,考察了温度、光照、金属离子、氧气、水分对葵花籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：温度、光照、金属离子、氧气、水分均会引起储藏过程中葵花籽油的酸值和过氧化值的升高,且温度和水分影响较明显;40℃下试样放置24 d后的酸值和过氧化值分别达到1.03 mgKOH/g和19.2 meq/kg;Cu2＋对于葵花籽油过氧化值的影响大于Fe2＋;氧气短期内不会促进葵花籽油酸值的上升;添加了1%和2%水分的葵花籽油的酸值相差不大,均大于未加水样品,且水分含量越高,过氧化值增加越快。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析冷榨和热榨葵花籽油的挥发性物质

采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对冷榨葵花籽油和不同炒籽温度下的热榨葵花籽油的挥发性物质进行分析。结果表明:葵花籽油样品中共检测出59种挥发性物质,主要是萜烯类、醛酮类、烷烃类、杂环类及羧酸类物质;冷榨葵花籽油的挥发性物质主要是萜烯类、烷烃类及醛酮类物质,含量分别为38.96%、16.19%和12.20%;炒籽温度110、130、150℃下的热榨葵花籽油的主要挥发性物质的种类与冷榨葵花籽油的相似,但含量有很大区别,而170℃和190℃下的热榨葵花籽油的主要挥发性物质是吡嗪等杂环类物质和醛酮类物质。     

响应面法优化超声乳化制备油茶籽油纳米乳液及其稳定性研究

以Tween80为乳化剂,研究了超声功率、油茶籽油体积分数、乳油比及其交互作用对超声乳化制备油茶籽油纳米乳液平均粒径及多分散指数的影响,利用响应面法优化了制备条件并对油茶籽油纳米乳液的稳定性进行初步评价。结果表明:油茶籽油纳米乳液的平均粒径及多分散指数模型拟合度R~2分别为0.974 2和0.951 9;最优制备条件为超声功率405 W、超声时间15 min、油茶籽油体积分数8.3%、乳油比0.16∶1,在该条件下油茶籽油纳米乳液的平均粒径为(74.9±0.85)nm,多分散指数为0.17±0.01;贮存温度、贮存时间及二者的交互作用对油茶籽油纳米乳液的平均粒径及多分散指数有极显著影响(P0.01),油茶籽油纳米乳液在5℃和25℃条件下贮存60 d,其平均粒径小于90 nm,多分散指数小于0.3,表现出了较好的动力学稳定性。     

几种抗氧化剂协同作用对葵花籽油稳定性的影响

以POV作为油脂稳定性的评价指标,采用Schaal烘箱法研究了温度、光照、TBHQ、BHA、BHT及复合抗氧化剂对葵花籽油稳定性的影响.结果表明,温度和光照对葵花籽油的氧化过程都具有不同程度的影响,但温度影响更为显著.TBHQ、BHA和BHT 3种抗氧剂单独作用均能明显提高葵花籽油的稳定性,其中以TBHQ效果最好;在同等剂量下,除TBHQ外,复合抗氧化剂比抗氧化剂单独使用效果更显著;柠檬酸(CA)对抗氧化剂有增效作用.     

蛇油纳米乳的制备及稳定性评价

通过水相滴定法制备蛇油纳米乳,研究了混合油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂对蛇油纳米乳制备的影响,并利用伪三元相图法确定最佳蛇油纳米乳配方。结果表明：混合油相选择蛇油和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）,表面活性剂选择Span80和Tween80二者质量比27∶ 73,助表面活性剂选择PEG400;最佳蛇油纳米乳配方为蛇油1.6 g、IPM 2.4 g、Span80 1.08 g、Tween80 2.92 g、PEG400 4.0 g、水8.0 g。所制得的蛇油纳米乳为O/W型,平均粒径为63.01 nm,PDI为0.226,Zeta电位为-19 mV,液滴外观为圆形,粒径均匀且状态良好;离心后清澈透明,不分层;不耐高温,需要在25 ℃以下贮存;冷冻后,可以在室温下恢复到初始状态;氧化稳定性较蛇油提高     

Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids from liquid and fully hydrogenated high oleic sunflower oil

Structured lipids (SL) were synthesized via enzymatic (EI) and chemical interesterification of high oleic sunflower oil (SO) and fully hydrogenated high oleic SO with Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginose) for 3 h at 70°C, 300 rpm. Reaction showed changes in the triacylglycerols (TAGs) composition, solid fat content (SFC), thermal behavior, regiospecific distribution, microstructure, and polymorphism. Results revealed that the EI caused considerable rearrangement of the TAG species with lower levels of tri-saturated and tri-unsaturated TAG and higher levels of monoun- and diunsaturated TAG. The interesterified blends showed reduced SFC between 20 and 35°C, lowering the melting point. After 3-h incubation, EI produced acyl migration to some extent. The SL showed the required characteristics for application as bakery fats and as additives for lipid crystallization in the food industry.     

Effect of plant extracts on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil and emulsion

The antioxidative activities of six plant extracts (catnip, hyssop, lemon balm, oregano, sage and thyme) were evaluated in sunflower oil and its 20% oil-in-water emulsion in the dark at 60°C. The oxidation process was followed by measuring the formation of primary (conjugated diene hydroperoxides) and secondary (volatile compounds) oxidation products. Sage extracts (600 and 1200 ppm) effectively inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes and volatile compounds (hexanal and pentanal) in oil and emulsion and showed the highest antioxidative activity compared with 300 ppm BHT. Thyme and lemon balm extracts inhibited hexanal generation more than formation of conjugated dienes in both oil and emulsion. Oregano extract was more active in oil than in emulsion. Catnip and hyssop extracts (600 ppm) showed prooxidative action to sunflower oil at 60°C. These two extracts increased the formation of conjugated dienes compared with the control oil. In emulsions, catnip extract (600 ppm) was active and significantly inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes more than BHT (300 ppm) during additional incubation.     

Formulation and stability of biodegradable films made from cod gelatin and sunflower oil blends

Sunflower oil was added to cod gelatin in proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1% to improve the hydrophobic properties of the resulting films and decrease water vapor permeability and the soluble matter content. Mechanical and optical properties were evaluated to determine the influence of the added oil and the stability of the films during storage for one month. Adding oil increased film thickness, whiteness, optical absorbance and decreased transparency; all these properties held stable over the storage period. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed some lipid–protein interactions (hydrogen bonds, ester formation) and early oil oxidation. By the end of storage oxidation was well advanced and secondary oxidation products were present. Adding oil in any quantity decreased the puncture force but not the puncture deformation. Stability of these two mechanical properties decreased during storage in the films that contained ?0.6% added oil. Water vapor permeability did not decrease when oil was added and even increased with storage time, though adding oil yielded more insoluble films due to lipid–protein interactions.     

The increase in oxidative stability of sunflower oil enriched with Nigella sativa L. Seed extracts

Nigella sativa L. seeds are rich sources of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Nigella seed extract as natural antioxidant compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) during accelerated oxidation of edible vegetable oils at 120 °C. The modifications during heating were monitored by 3D-front-face fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra were obtained with excitations from 280 to 500 nm and emission wavelengths from 300 to 550 nm and analysed using independent components analysis. Decomposition products formed during heating were also evaluated by means of ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and classic chemical methods such as anisidine value and viscosity. The results of the study clearly indicate that the natural seed extract at a level of 800 ppm exhibited antioxidant effects similar to those of the synthetic antioxidant BHT at a level of 200 ppm and thus contributes to an increase in the oxidative stability of the oil.     

萝卜籽油对大豆油和花生油的抗氧化作用

用二氯甲烷作溶剂提取萝卜籽中的油脂,并以过氧化值和酸值为指标研究了萝卜籽油在大豆油和花生油中的抗氧化性能。结果表明:萝卜籽油在大豆油和花生油中具有很好的抗氧化性能,对大豆油的抗氧化效果比花生油好;0.1%萝卜籽油对大豆油的抗氧化效果比0.02%BHT好;0.2%萝卜籽油对花生油的抗氧化效果稍差于0.02%BHT。