新型镍基合金静态再结晶规律研究

为了研究形变量和加热温度对新型镍基合金晶粒尺寸的影响规律,对该合金进行了静态再结晶实验,并用光学显微镜观察了其微观组织变化.合金静态再结晶实验结果表明,冷变形试样在γ′相完全熔解温度以下时,延长保温时间对晶粒尺寸的影响不大;在γ′相完全熔解温度以上时,随保温时间的延长晶粒长大效果显著.     

近β型高强钛合金Ti-26的β晶粒长大行为

研究了Ti-26合金在不同固溶温度和固溶时间条件下β晶粒的长大规律,并且计算了该合金在775～880 ℃范围内,保温1 h时,β晶粒的长大激活能Qm和在820 ℃保温0.5～4 h的生长指数n,分析了影响β晶粒的长大激活能Qm和生长指数n的主要原因.研究表明,Ti-26合金在β相区不同温度保温时,β晶粒的长大过程受Ti元素控制;合金在820 ℃(Tβ+45 ℃)固溶时,晶粒生长指数n仅为0.24是由于固溶原子落后于β晶界的移动而形成拖曳造成的,然而当固溶温度超过820 ℃时,β晶界的移动可以摆脱溶质原子的束缚.     

镁合金复合变形微观组织和力学性能研究

对AZ31镁合金压痕-压平复合变形进行实验研究。研究结果表明,镁合金材料在低温塑性变形时,孪晶及孪生变形是主要变形机制;变形温度越高,孪晶组织越少;复合变形系数越大,孪晶组织越多,在晶粒内部产生了大量的孪晶组织;并且在晶界处开始发生动态再结晶,产生细小的动态再结晶晶粒;随着塑性变形程度的增大,晶粒取向开始发生变化,动态再结晶晶粒开始长大,直到覆盖初始的粗大晶粒,晶粒得到细化。当压缩率达到29%后,发生完全动态再结晶,晶粒得到充分的细化,晶粒平均尺寸达到8μm。当复合变形系数0.2时,组织中的孪晶数量较少,晶粒平均尺寸达到20μm。经过复合变形的AZ31镁合金板材的屈服强度达到212MPa,抗拉强度达到298MPa,延伸率提高至17.2%,分别提高20.1%、25.4%、34.3%。     

Al-Cu合金高温热变形组织分析

对Al-Cu合金进行高温等温压缩试验,热压缩应变速率为1/s、热变形温度为500～800℃,其热真应力-应变曲线反映了压缩过程中以加工硬化为主,伴随发生了微弱的动态再结晶作用,不存在明显的再结晶峰值点.并利用电子背散射衍射技术分析了该合金不同区域的高温变形及组织特征,结果表明:晶粒尺寸随温度升高缓慢增加,压缩变形主要依靠晶粒变形来完成,动态再结晶形核长大缓慢.各温度下,晶界以小角度晶界为主并逐渐转化为大角度晶界.     

纳米钨合金粉末常压烧结的致密化和晶粒长大

高密度合金由于具有密度和强度高、延性好等一系列的性能,在军工上被用作动能穿甲弹材料,纳米材料被认为是21世纪应用前景非常广阔的新型材料,采用纳米粉末可望大大细化钨合金晶粒,显著提高合金的强度、延性和硬度等力学性能,因而是制备新型高强韧高密度钨合金的很重要的研究方向。作者采用机械合金化（MA）工艺制备了纳米钨合金复合粉末,研究了纳米钨合金粉末在常压氢气气氛中的吉致密化和在烧结过程中的W晶粒长大行为,同时,指出了在液相烧结时存在的问题,即W晶粒加速重排、产生晶粒聚集与合并,迅速发生W晶粒长大,在较短时间内液相烧结时,W晶粒尺寸又长大到接近传统高密度合金水平,研究结果表明,MA纳米粉末促进了致密化,使致密化温度降低100－200℃;在一般固相烧结温度时可以得到晶粒粒径为3－5μm的细晶高强度合金。     

降温往复镦粗-挤压对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金微观组织的影响

采用降温往复镦粗-挤压的方法对Mg-12.5Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)合金进行了大塑性变形.总变形道次为5道次,累积应变为6.75,温度由480℃逐道次降低到390℃.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了合金在不同变形道次下微观组织的演变规律.结果表明:该方法可以有效细化Mg-12.5Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金晶粒,随变形道次的增加,晶粒细化效果逐渐减弱.5道次变形后得完全再结晶的细小晶粒组织,平均晶粒尺寸由初始态的64.2μm减小到4.4μm.此外,随着变形道次的增加,原始晶粒内的片层状长周期堆垛有序结构(Long Period Stacking Ordered Structure,LPSO结构)逐渐溶解消失,同时,在动态再结晶晶粒界处析出大量细小颗粒状β-Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn)相.另外,原始组织中沿晶界不连续网状分布的块状LPSO相发生剧烈扭折变形,逐渐破碎成小块并均匀地沿挤压方向排列.     

温度对拉拔态AZ31镁合金丝材再结晶退火行为的影响

以直径1.3 mm、变形程度25%的拉拔态AZ31镁合金丝材为原材料,研究温度对丝材再结晶退火行为的影响规律。结果表明:200℃退火后,丝材组织由细小再结晶晶粒与粗大变形态晶粒组成,退火温度为250℃及以上时,形成完全再结晶组织;随退火温度的增加,小尺寸再结晶晶粒数量先增多后减少,平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大。温度增加至250℃及以上时,晶粒尺寸分布从双峰型变为单峰型,单位面积的细晶数目显著减少,晶粒尺寸分布的峰值不断右移增大。丝材再结晶过程分为典型3个阶段:细小等轴晶形成、细晶快速长大与晶粒均匀化阶段。     

高温合金IN690碳化物析出及对组织的影响

通过对IN690合金进行的固溶处理试验和压缩试验,研究了其合金晶粒组织和碳化物的变化规律以及碳化物对组织均匀性的影响。结果表明:晶粒组织随固溶温度的升高而增大,碳化物含量随温度升高而逐渐减小。当碳化物完全溶解时,晶粒会急剧长大。因而碳化物在晶界处有钉扎作用,限制晶粒的快速长大,对晶粒的均匀性有重要的影响。通过压缩实验分析了不同变形温度和变形速率对碳化物析出的规律影响。随压缩温度的升高晶内碳化物逐步溶解,并向晶界处转移。随变形速率增大,碳化物沿晶界析出增多,当变形温度为1200℃和变形速率为80s-1时,晶粒均匀性较好。     

Ce对00Cr17高纯铁素体不锈钢再结晶及晶粒长大的影响

利用显微硬度计、金相显微镜、差热分析仪和XRD研究了稀土元素Ce对00Cr17高纯铁素体不锈钢再结晶及晶粒长大的影响.结果表明,00Cr17钢中加入Ce降低了再结晶温度,促进了再结晶的发生.主要是由于微量Ce固溶到00Cr17钢中引起晶格畸变,增加了冷变形储存能,从而增大了00Cr17钢的再结晶驱动力.00Cr17钢中加入Ce增加了晶粒长大激活能,减小了晶粒生长指数,阻碍了00Cr17钢的晶粒长大,这是由于Ce偏聚到晶界,增大晶界运动的阻力.     

微量Zr对Cu－Zn－Al合金冷变形能力的影响

研究了微量Ｚｒ对Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金再结晶规律和机械性能的影响．结果表明：在该合金中添加０．２４％Ｚｒ，再结晶温度升高，晶粒明显细化，但β相的含量也增多，使冷变形能力提高不明显．     

Effects of Extrusion Processing on Microstructure of 7075Al Alloy in the Semi-solid State

A recrystallization and partial melting(RAP) process was introduced to prepare the semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy used for thixoforming. In order to obtain an ideal semi-solid microstructure, a series of extrusion experiments were conducted to comparatively investigate the optimum extrusion process parameters. Commercial 7075 Al alloy samples were firstly extruded with varying extrusion ratios below the recrystallization temperature followed by homogenization, then these samples were reheated to the semi-solid state and held in the range of 5 to 50 minutes. The experimental results show that varying process cause the difference in the deformation degree and microstructure for as-extruded samples, resulting in various semi-solid microstructure. It is verified that the formation of equiaxed grains in semi-solid microstructure depends on recrystallization behavior of extruded samples during partial melting. Both relative high extrusion temperature and low extrusion ratio lead to high volume fraction of recrystallized area, thus entirely equiaxed solid grains in semi-solid 7075 Al alloy samples can be obtained finally. In addition, Ostwald ripening was determined as the dominate coarsening mechanism of solid grains in semi-solid state for this 7075 Al alloy during the RAP route. The influence of predeformation on recrystallization behavior of this 7075 Al alloy was discussed in detail.     

Property and microstructure analysis of ZK60 alloy superplastic sheet

It was investigated that the superplastic mechanical properties of fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy sheets at the temperature range of 200-420 ℃ and strain rate range of 5.56 × 10-4 -5.56 ×10-2 s-1 by tensile tests.And the microstructure evolution during the superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy was examined by metallurgical microscope and transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The results showed that fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy starts to exhibit superplasticity from 250 ℃ and the maximum elongation is about 1106% at 400 ℃ and 5.56 × 10-4 s-1.The strain rate sensitivity is significantly enhanced with the increase of temperature and with the decrease of strain rate.The predominate superplastic mechanism of ZK60 magnesium alloy is grain boundary slide (GBS) at the temperature range of 300-400 ℃.The grains of ZK60 alloy remain equaxial after superplastic deformation,and dynamic continuous recrystallization (DCRX) is an important softening mechanism and grain stability mechanism during the superplastic deformation of the alloy.The curved grain boundaries and crumpled bands at grain boundaries after deformation prove GBS generates during superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

Plastic deformation behavior of ZK60 magnesium alloy with addition of neodymium

The hot deformation simulation of a ZK60 magnesiuln alloy at different temperatures from 373 to 673 K and different strain rates of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.002 s^-1 was studied by using the Gleebe-1500 simulator. The plastic deformation behavior was measured and the deformation activation energy was calculated. The microstructures of ZK60 magnesium alloy with an addition of neodymium during the deformation process were observed by using Polyvar-MET optical microscope and Tecnai G^2 20 TEM. The results show that the working hardening, the dynamic recovery and the dynamic recrystallization occur during the plastic deformation process at different temperatures and strain rates. The dynamic recrystallization starts when the temperature is over 473 K and the DRX grain size after hot deformation is only 5-10 μm. So the refined grains improve both the tensile strength and the elongation of alloys at room temperature. Neodymium is added into the alloy and a precipitate phase Mg12Nd that impedes the movement of dislocations is formed, which benefits to increasing mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

Special Orientation Relationships Observed at the Early Stages of Recrystallization in Pure AlMn Alloy

Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) technique in a SEM was used to obtain local orientationalinformation on new grains and their surrounding deformed matrices at the early stages of recrystallization in pureA1-1 .3%Mn alloy. Results show that special orientation relationships including twin-relationship often exist betweennew grains, between new grains and deformed grains or between deformed grains. The occurrence of such specialorientation relationships is attributed to the special deformation behavior in the samples with large initial grain size.The formation of recrystallization twins is discussed in a different way to those of traditional ones.     

汽车车身用Al-Mg-Si合金薄板织构及r值的研究

采用织构测定分析、TEM观察和拉伸实验研究了退火态、固溶态及T4态汽车车身用Al-0.9Mg-1.0Si-0.7Cu-0.6Mn合金薄板的再结晶晶粒取向、拉伸变形时的晶粒转动规律及其对板材塑性应变比r值的影响.结果表明：具有copper和brass取向的冷轧铝板经410℃×1 h退火或540℃×0.5 h固溶处理后,其再结晶主织构均为绕板法线方向旋转20°的立方取向,即Cube＋ND20,自然时效对再结晶织构无明显影响;单向拉伸过程中主织构Cube＋ND20取向晶粒绕板法线ND向〈100〉方向旋转5°左右,成为Cube＋ND15取向,同时取向密度降低;不同热处理状态铝板在拉伸变形任意应变量时的r值均大致相同.     

Kinetics of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy during homogenization

The kinetics of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy with different thicknesses during homogenization was analyzed.It is shown that fine grains are first formed at the boundaries of deformed bands in the twin-roll casting slab.The recrystallized grains with no strain are gradually substituted for the deformed microstructure of twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy.The incubation temperature and time for the recrystallization of a twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy strip with a thickness of 3 mm are lower and shorter than those of the 6-mm thick strip,respectively.The 3-mm thick twin-roll casting magnesium alloy has finer grains than the 6-mm thick strip.The activation energies of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy slabs with the thickness of 3 and 6 mm are 88 and 69 kJ/mol,respectively.The kinetics curves of recrystallization for twin-roll casting AZ31 magnesium alloy were obtained.     

拉伸变形对AA6016铝合金汽车外板再结晶组织及性能的影响

为优化冲压成形工艺,研究了不同拉伸形变量对T4P态AA6016冷轧薄板再结晶、析出行为、烘烤硬化性及断裂方式的影响规律.采用与气垫炉生产线类似的新型热处理设备,对合金进行固溶处理,预时效后室温停放,获得T4P态合金.以单向拉伸模拟板材局部冲压成形过程,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜,对合金再结晶组织、拉伸断口以及位错进行观察,并结合DSC测定和拉伸性能测定,对合金析出行为及力学性能表征.结果表明:随拉伸形变量增加,局部晶粒有被拉长的趋势;形变可抑制GP区溶解,并促进强化相析出;烘烤硬化性随形变增加而减弱;形变较小时,烘烤前后断裂方式均为塑性断裂,而形变较大时,烘烤前合金更加趋向于解理断裂,烘烤后解理断裂趋势减弱.     

Microstructure,Texture, and Hardness Evolutions of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy during Annealing Treatment

Microstructure, texture and hardness evolutions of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during annealing treatment were studied by microstructure, texture and hardness characterization in the present study. The experimental results show that microstructure, texture and hardness will change to some extent with the increase of annealing temperature. The microstructure transforms from the elongated bands to elongated grains first, and then the grains grow continuously. The texture transforms from the initial deformation texture b fiber to recrystallization texture mainly consisting of CubeND {001}310 and P {011}122 orientations first, and then the recrystallization texture may be enhanced continuously as a result of the grain growth. Hardness decreases slowly at first, and then decreases sharply and increases significantly finally. Besides, the particle distributions also have great changes. As the annealing temperature increases, they increase firstly as a result of precipitation, and then gradually disappear as a result of dissolution. Finally, the effect of annealing temperature on microstructure, texture and hardness evolutions is discussed.     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

Phase stability in an austenitic Fe—Cr—Mn（W,V） alloy

By means of deformation and long term aging,the stability and phase equilibrim characteristic of the C N synthetically strengthening austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V) alloy were investigated.Experimental results indicate that the austenitic alloy remains stability and no γ→α transformation occurs under 500℃.Synthetic addition of C and N causes the grains to refine and powerfully retards formation of ε martensite and precipition of σ phase.Ms point is elevated with long term aging at elevated temperature (500-700℃） due to a large number of strain induced carbides precipitate.Along with accelerated decomposition of strain induced α′ martenstie and occurrence of recrystallization.γ→α transformation and σ phase precipitation are promoted so that austenite becomes unstable.