Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming Over Ni/CeO2 Nanocomposite Catalysts

The organic polymer chitosan was used as the polymeric precursor for the synthesis of Ni/CeO₂ nanocomposite catalysts. The materials were characterized by N₂ physisorption, H₂ chemisorption, AA, XRD, TGA, TPR, SEM and TEM analyses. The catalysts provide very good reactivity in ethanol steam reforming compared to the conventional Ni/CeO₂ catalyst prepared by the impregnation method using a commercial support. High hydrogen selectivity (>75%) was obtained on Ni/CeO₂ catalysts by operating at a temperature range of 325–500 °C and a H₂O/C₂H₅OH molar ratio of 3. It was verified that the catalytic behavior could be influenced depending on the experimental conditions employed.     

Ethanol Steam Reforming on Co/CeO2: The Effect of ZnO Promoter

A series of ZnO promoted Co/CeO₂ catalysts were synthesized and characterized using XRD, TEM, H₂-TPR, CO chemisorption, O₂-TPO, IR-Py, and CO₂-TPD. The effects of ZnO on the catalytic performances of Co/CeO₂ were studied in ethanol steam reforming. It was found that the addition of ZnO facilitated the oxidation of Co⁰ via enhanced oxygen mobility of the CeO₂ support which decreased the activity of Co/CeO₂ in C–C bond cleavage of ethanol. 3 wt% ZnO promoted Co/CeO₂ exhibited minimum CO and CH₄ selectivity and maximum CO₂ selectivity. This resulted from the combined effects of the following factors with increasing ZnO loading: (1) enhanced oxygen mobility of CeO₂ facilitated the oxidation of CH _x and CO to form CO₂; (2) increased ZnO coverage on CeO₂ surface reduced the interaction between CH _x /CO and Co/CeO₂; and (3) suppressed CO adsorption on Co⁰ reduced CO oxidation rate to form CO₂. In addition, the addition of ZnO also modified the surface acidity and basicity of CeO₂, which consequently affected the C₂–C₄ product distributions.     

Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Supported Co and Ni Catalysts

The ethanol steam reforming has been investigated over supported cobalt catalysts at atmospheric pressure. About 12% cobalt was supported on Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and TiO₂, and a commercial Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst (G90B) was included for comparative purposes. The selectivity was found to depend strongly on the support, especially at low and medium temperatures. The initial activity of the cobalt catalysts correlated well with the metal dispersion. Acetaldehyde was an important C-containing product at low temperatures, whereas at high temperatures CO, CO₂ and CH₄ dominated the product spectrum. A significant production of ethene was observed, especially on the alumina-supported catalysts. The results are in agreement with a mechanism involving acetaldehyde as an intermediate in the steam reforming. At high temperatures (>550 °C) the conversion was complete and the product distribution approaches the equilibrium. The H₂ yield approached 5 moles H₂/mole ethanol converted, which is close to the maximum according to thermodynamic calculations. The alumina-supported catalysts (both Co and Ni) showed acceptable deactivation rates, but high carbon formation.     

TPR and EXAFS Studies on Na-Promoted Co/ZnO Catalysts for Ethanol Steam Reforming

Na-promoted Co/ZnO catalysts were prepared and applied to ethanol steam reforming. TPR and EXAFS analysis demonstrated that Na promoter effectively enhanced the reducibility of Co phase on ZnO with better catalytic activity and selectivity towards H₂ than unpromoted Co/ZnO.     

Ni-Cu/蒙脱土乙醇水蒸气重整制氢催化剂性能研究

生物乙醇重整制氢是一种具有良好应用前景的制氢技术,是当前低碳能源领域的研究热点.本文采用离子交换法制备了Ni-Cu/蒙脱土双金属催化剂,并将其应用于乙醇水蒸气重整制氢.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段对催化剂的物相结构、织构性质、还原性能、微观形貌等进行了研究.结果表明:Ni、Cu均为乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的活性组分,铜的加入可以减少镍颗粒的尺寸、优化镍组分的分布状态.此外,Ni-Cu双金属催化剂的双功能特性使其优于单一金属催化剂.Ni-Cu/蒙脱土在焙烧温度500℃、水醇比为8∶1、空速为80000 mL/gcat·h,反应进行10 h后,仍保持72.09％的氢气的选择性,说明Ni-Cu/蒙脱土双金属催化剂在乙醇水蒸气重整制氢中具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.     

Ethanol Steam Reforming by Ni Catalysts for H2 Production: Evaluation of Gd Effect in CeO2 Support

Catalysis Letters - Ni-based catalysts supported on CeO2 doped with Gd were prepared in this work to investigate the role of gadolinium on ethanol conversion, H2 selectivity, and carbon formation...     

Ethanol Steam Reforming Over Hydrotalcite-Derived Co Catalysts Doped with Pt and Rh

Honeycomb structures loaded with hydrotalcite-derived cobalt catalysts doped with various amounts of Pt and Rh have been tested in the steam reforming of ethanol at 523–823 K under different operational conditions. Catalysts promoted with noble metals are significantly more active than non-promoted hydrotalcite-derived cobalt but, at the same time, they build up carbon very efficiently. Electron microscopy, magnetic measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the occurrence of metal cobalt nanoparticles in the samples promoted with noble metals after reaction. According to the TPR profiles recorded over the hydrotalcite-derived cobalt catalysts doped with Pt and Rh, it is concluded that noble metals strongly promote cobalt reduction under ethanol steam reforming (ESR) conditions. Cobalt nanoparticles thus formed are very active for ethanol reforming but, at the same time, they originate severe carbon deposition. In contrast, non-promoted hydrotalcite-derived cobalt catalysts are less active for ESR but do not form carbon due to the absence of metallic cobalt.     

Low Temperature and H2 Selective Catalysts for Ethanol Steam Reforming

Supported Rh catalysts have been developed for selective H₂ production at low temperatures. Ethanol dehydration is favorable over either acidic or basic supports such as γ-Al₂O₃ and MgAl₂O₄, while ethanol dehydrogenation is more favorable over neutral supports. CeO₂–ZrO₂-supported Rh catalysts were found to be especially effective for hydrogen production. We focused on a support prepared by a co-precipitation method having composition Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂. A 2%Rh/Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂ catalyst, prepared via impregnation without pre-calcination of support, exhibited the highest H₂ yield at 450 °C among various supported Rh catalysts evaluated in this study. This may be due to both the strong interaction between Rh and Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂ and the high oxygen transfer rate favoring reforming of acetaldehyde instead of methane production.     

ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂乙醇水蒸气重整反应失活研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列ZnO/Al2O3催化剂,考察了该催化剂在水醇摩尔比为3、常压、450℃工作条件下乙醇水蒸气重整(SRE)制氢反应活性及稳定性。结果表明,ZnO负载量达到10wt%时,C2H5OH转化率最高,但催化剂在160 min内出现明显失活。利用BET等表征手段考察了反应前后催化剂的物理化学性质,并通过失活模型模拟,提出了ZnO/Al2O3催化剂上SRE制氢反应的失活原因。     

Cu-Ni/Al_20_3-SiO_2催化剂上乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

采用共沉淀法、热分解和氢还原等步骤制备了纳米晶载体催化剂Cu-Ni/Al203-SiO2,应用X射线衍射、x射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行了测定,采用固定床反应器考察了催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,5%Cu-Ni/Al203-SiO2催化剂对乙醇的低温水蒸气重整反应表现出较高的催化活性,350℃时乙醇的转化率已达到100%。在650℃时氢气的选择性可达78.5%。增加铜含量对增加催化剂的活性没有帮助。     

Cu-Ni/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂上乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

采用共沉淀法、热分解和氢还原等步骤制备了纳米晶载体催化剂Cu-Ni/Al2O3-SiO2,应用X射线衍射、x射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行了测定,采用固定床反应器考察了催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,5%Cu-Ni/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂对乙醇的低温水蒸气重整反应表现出较高的催化活性,350℃时乙醇的转化率已达到100%。在650℃时氢气的选择性可达78.5%。增加铜含量对增加催化剂的活性没有帮助。     

低镍/ZnO-TiO2催化剂的乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

为考察低镍负载量对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢催化剂性能的影响,利用沉积-沉淀法(DP)制备了镍负载最质量分率为0.5%～5.0%的Ni/ZnO-TiO2催化剂,并在内径14 mm的固定床管式反应器中对低镍催化剂进行了性能评价.结果表明,低镍/ZnO-TiO2催化剂具有较好的乙醇水蒸气重整制氢性能.在水醇物质的量比为13:1及反...     

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming Over Supported Cobalt Catalysts

Hydrogen production was carried out via ethanol steam reforming over supported cobalt catalysts. Wet incipient impregnation method was used to support cobalt on ZrO₂, CeO₂ and CeZrO₄ followed by pre-reduction with H₂ up to 677 °C to attain supported cobalt catalysts. It was found that the non-noble metal based 10 wt.% Co/CeZrO₄ is an efficient catalyst to achieve ethanol conversion of 100% and hydrogen yield of 82% (4.9 mol H₂/mol ethanol) at 450 °C, which is superior to 0.5 wt.% Rh/Al₂O₃. The pre-reduction process is required to activate supported cobalt catalysts for high H₂ yield of ethanol steam reforming. In addition, support effect is found significant for cobalt during ethanol steam reforming. 10% Co/CeO₂ gave high H₂ selectivity while suffered low conversion due to the poor thermal stability. In contrast to CeO₂, 10 wt.% Co/ZrO₂ achieved high conversion while suffered lower H₂ yield due to the production of methane. The synergistic effect of ZrO₂ and CeO₂ to promote high ethanol conversion while suppress methanation was observed when CeZrO₄ was used as a support for cobalt. This synergistic effect of CeZrO₄ support leads to a high hydrogen yield at low temperature for 10 wt.% Co/CeZrO₄ catalyst. Under the high weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of ethanol (2.5 h⁻¹), the hydrogen yield over 10 wt.% Co/CeZrO₄ was found to gradually decrease to 70% of its initial value in 6 h possibly due to the coke formation on the catalyst.     

CuO/ZnO/CeO_2-ZrO_2催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能

以液体燃料甲醇分布式现场重整制氢系统开发为研究目的,根据非对称耦合的思想,将Cu O/Zn O/Ce O2-Zr O2甲醇水蒸气重整催化剂和Pt/Al2O3催化燃烧催化剂应用于套筒式小型制氢反应器中,实现了甲醇水蒸气重整反应和燃烧反应的耦合。实验考察了Cu O/Zn O/Ce O2-Zr O2催化剂在套筒式小型制氢反应器中的性能。结果表明:在套筒式小型制氢反应器内,Cu O/Zn O/Ce O2-Zr O2催化剂的甲醇水蒸气重整活性比商业Cu O/Zn O/Al2O3催化剂高出30%左右;并且多次开停车和改变反应条件,均未对催化剂和反应器产生明显影响,150 h内催化剂和反应器稳定性良好。当反应温度为230~260℃,甲醇气体空速为300~1200 h-1,水醇物质的量比(S/M)为1.2时,最大氢产率达162.8 L/h,可为百瓦级质子交换膜燃料电池提供氢源。     

Low Temperature Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Supported Noble Metal Catalysts

The catalytic activity of M/Al₂O₃ catalysts for the reaction of steam reforming of ethanol has been investigated in the temperature range of 300–450 °C. It has been found that the catalytic performance varies in the order of Pt > Pd > Rh > Ru, with Pt exhibiting high activity and selectivity toward hydrogen production, as well as long term stability at low temperatures. It is shown that the reaction occurs in a bifunctional manner, with the participation of both the dispersed metallic phase and the support. Ethanol interacts strongly with the Al₂O₃ carrier, promoting mainly ethanol dehydration, while in the presence of Pt, catalytic activity is shifted toward lower temperatures. Ethanol decomposition and dehydrogenation reactions dominate at low temperatures, while reforming, water-gas shift and methanation contribute significantly to product distribution.